Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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14 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE I-Usm-3 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. GENETIÈKA VARIJABILNOST I RAZVOJNA STABILNOST M. Stamenkoviæ-Radak 1 , G. Rašiæ 1 , I. Tomišiæ-Kosiæ 2 i M. Anðelkoviæ 1,2 1 Biološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd 2 Institut za biološka istraivanja «S. Stankoviæ», Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati dobijeni u eksperimentima sa vrstama i populacijama Drosophila, dizajniranim tako da otkrivaju relativni znaèaj tri tipa genomskog stresa i njihove moguæe veze sa razvojnom nestabilnošæu: - Efekat inbridinga na varijabilnost u FA kod nekoliko morfometrijskih karaktera kod Drosophila subobscura - Efekat inbridinga i homozigotnosti za odreðene genske arammane na O hromozomu kod D.subobscura - Efekat interspecijske i interpopulacione hibridizacije meðu sestrinskim vrstama Drosophila na fenotipsku varijabilnost i razvojnu stabilnost hibrida. Genetièke koadaptacije i heterozigotnost se smatraju mehanizmima koji utièu na razvojnu homeostasis. Opseg genetièke varijabilnosti pogoðene stresom je i dalje slabo poznat, a varijabilnost hromozomskih inverzija Drosophila i interspecijske hibridizacije u odnosu na FA su slabo prouèeni. Mada se eksperimentalni uslovi stresa razlikuju od onih koje poulacije sreæu u prirodnim staništima, ovde dobijeni rezultati delimièno osvetljavaju mehanizme putem kojih organizmi i populacije odolevaju i/ili se prilagoðavaju stresnim uslovima. Uvoðenje manipulisanih genoma u populacije je dodatna vrsta genomskog stresa koja moe imati uticaja na genetièku strukturu populacija i uticati na biodiverzitet. U tom smislu, fokus konzervacione biologije se pomera ka populaciono genetièkim aspektima stresa. GENETIC VARIABILITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY In the present study we give the results obtained using Drosophila species and populations in the experiments designed to reveal the importance of three kinds of genomic stress and their possible relation to developmental stability: - The effect of inbreeding on the variability in FA in several morphometric characters in Drosophila subobscura - The effect of inbreeding and homozygosity for certain gene arrangements on O chromosome of D.subobscura on FA in wing size parameters. - The effect of interspecific and intepopulation hybridization among sibling Drosophila species on the phenotypic variability and developmental stability of hybrids. Genetic coadaptation and heterozygosity are assumed to be the mechanisms that affect developmental homeostasis. The range of genetic variability affected by stress is still unknown and chromosome inversion variability in Drosophila and interspecific hybridization are rather unexplored in relation to FA. Although experimental conditions of stress differ from the ones that populations meet in natural habitats, the results obtained shed light on the mechanisms by which organisms and populations resist and/or adapt to stressful conditions. Introduction of manipulated genomes into populations is an additional kind of genomic stress which can affect the genetic structure of populations and influence biodiversity. Along these lines, the focus of conservation biology is moving toward a population-genetic aspect of stress.
I-Usm-4 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 15 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. MtDNK RFLP-PCR ANALIZA GENETIÈKE STRUKTURE POPULACIJA ZECA (Lepus europaeus, Pallas) U VOJVODINI M. Ðan, D. Obreht i Lj. Vapa Prirodno-matematièki fakultet, Novi Sad Brojnost populacija zeca (Lepus europaeus) na razlièitim staništima njegovog širokog areala ima stalni negativni trend, a jedan od moguæih uzroka ove pojave mogao bi biti smanjenje genetièke varijabilnosti. Zbog biološke i ekonomske vrednosti ove vrste, kao najlovljenije vrste divljaèi u Evropi, u toku su opsena molekularno-genetièka i evoluciona istraivanja. Cilj ovog rada bio je odreðivanje genetièke varijabilnosti populacija zeca u Vojvodini primenom mtDNK RFLP-PCR analize tri regiona mitohondrijalnog genoma: citohrom oksidaza I (COI), kontrolni region (d-loop) i 12S/16S rRNK region. Analizirane su jedinke iz tri populacije: Baèka, Banat i Srem. Primenom 8 restrikcionih endonukleaza, polimorfnost je registrovana u okviru dva regiona, COI i d-loop. Ukupno je definisano 6 haplotipova dobijenih analizom COI regiona i 3 haplotipa odreðena analizom d-loop regiona. Broj haplotipova u populaciji varirao je od 2 do 4 haplotipa. Jedinstveni haplotipovi detektovani su samo u populaciji zeca Srema. Na osnovu ovih podataka primenom REAP statistièkog paketa utvrðene su vrednosti diverziteta haplotipova i diverziteta nukleotida (h=0.417 i =0.24, odnosno h=0.19 i =0.113). Primenom PHYLIP kompjuterskog paketa utvrðene su nukleotidne udaljenosti izmeðu populacija zeca na osnovu procenjenog proseènog broja baznih substitucija po restrikcionom mestu izmeðu populacija. Utvrðena je veæa genetièka bliskost populacija zeca Baèke i Banata, u odnosu na Srem. Genetièka struktura populacija zeca prema diverzitetu haplotipova ukazuje da zeèevi sa teritorije Vojvodine pripadaju grupi centralno evropskih populacija zeca Lepus europaeus, sa niim stepenom genetièkog diverziteta. GENETIC STRUCTURE OF BROWN HARE POPULATIONS (Lepus europaeus, Pallas) IN VOJVODINA REVEALED BY mtDNA RFLP-PCR ANALYSIS Brown hare (Lepus europaeus) populations number at different localities of its widebroad areal constantly decrease. This phenomenon may occur due to the loss of genetic variability within brown hare populations. Biological and economical value of this species, as the most hunted game species in Europe, led to wide range molecular genetics and evolutionary investigations. The aim of this paper was determination of genetic variability in brown hare populations in Vojvodina by mtDNA RFLP-PCR method, that includes analysis of three different regions of mitochondrial genome: cytochrom oxidase I (COI), Control region (d-loop) and 12S/16S rRNA region. Individuals from three populations: Backa, Banat and Srem, were analyzed. Restriction digestion by 8 endonucleases revealed polymorphism of two regions, COI and d-loop. Total number of detected haplotypes by COI analysis were 6, and 3 more haplotypes were defined by d-loop analysis. The number of haplotypes by population ranged from 2 to 4. The unique haplotypes were detected only in Srem brown hare population. According to obtained data and using REAP statistical package the values of haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were calculated (h=0.417 and =0.24, and h=0.19 and =0.113, respectively). Applying PHYLIP statistical program the nucleotide distances among brown hare populations were determined based on estimated average number of base substitutions in restriction sites. The Backa and Banat brown hare populations are genetically more similar comparing to Srem brown hare population. The revealed genetic structure implicates that brown hare populations from Vojvodina belong to Central European brown hare population group, characterized by lower level of genetic diversity.
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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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