Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
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IV-Pos-30 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 147<br />
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.<br />
SELEKCIJA Azotobacter chroococcum – PUT DO<br />
MIKROBIOLOŠKOG ÐUBRIVA ZA ŠEÆERNU REPU<br />
Nastasija Mrkovaèki, Sneana Mezei, L. Kovaèev i N. Èaèiæ<br />
Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad<br />
Znaèajan doprinos plodnosti zemljišta i odrivoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji potièe od<br />
slobodne fiksacije atmosferkog azota. Više vrsta bakterija, slobodnih azotofiksatora, a<br />
meðu njima i vrste Azotobactera su dale pozitivan odgovor inokulisanih biljaka. Kod<br />
razlièitih biljnih vrsta – pšenice, kukuruza, suncokreta, šeæerne repe, paradajza inokulacija<br />
Azotobacterom uticala je ne samo na poveæanje prinosa veæ i na poboljšanje<br />
njegovog kvaliteta. Rezultati ovih istraivanja otvorili su pitanje moguænosti selekcije<br />
sojeva za odreðenu biljnu vrstu.<br />
U ovim ispitani su sojevi Azotobacter chroococcum u èistoj kulturi. Testirano je niz<br />
osobina: aktivnost nitrogenaze, rezistentnost na razlièite pesticide i njihove razlièite<br />
koncentracije, zatim uticaj temperature na rast sojeva, uticaj pilete šeæerne repe na rast,<br />
uticaj razlièitih nivoa azota u podlozi kao i uticaj sojeva na kaluse šeæerne repe. Ispitane<br />
osobine sojeva omoguæile su izbor – selekciju dobrih sojeva (od 20 do 12, i od 8 do 5<br />
sojeva) koji su se pokazali kao najbolji za buduæu uspešnu zajednicu sa šeæernom repom.<br />
U daljim ispitivanjima sojeva Azotobacter chroococcum u zajednici sa biljkom šeæerne<br />
repe u staklari i u polju odabrali smo tri soja Azotobacter chroococcum – kao<br />
najefektivnije za gajenje šeæerne repe. Ovi sojevi èine bazu za proizvodnju<br />
mikrobiološkog ðubriva za šeæernu repu.<br />
SELECTION OF Azotobacter chroococcum – A WAY TO<br />
MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER FOR SUGARBEET<br />
Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen contributes significantly to soil fertility and indirectly<br />
to sustainable agriculture. Several free nitrogen-fixing bacteria including Azotobacter<br />
species have bene observed to elicit a positive response of inoculated plants. In different<br />
plant species – wheat, corn, sunflower, sugarbeet, tomato – inoculation with Azotobacter<br />
increased not only crop yield but also crop quality. This study has been initiated to assess<br />
possibilities of selecting bacterial strains for specific crops.<br />
In this study, Azotobacter chroococcum strains have been tested in pure culture, for the<br />
following characteristics: nitrogenase activity, resistance to various pesticides and their<br />
different concentrations, effect of temperature on bacterial growth, effect of sugarbeet<br />
pelleting mass on bacterial growth, effect of different nitrogen levels in the substrate and<br />
the effect of bacterial strains on sugarbeet calli. Based on their performance, good strains<br />
have been selected (from 20 to 5 strains) for combining with sugarbeet. Of the<br />
Azotobacter chroococcum strains that were subsequently grown in association with<br />
sugarbeet plants in the greenhouse and in the field, three were selected as most effective<br />
for combining with sugarbeet. These strains will be used for the production of a microbiological<br />
fertilizer for sugarbeet.