Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

IV-Pos-30 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 147
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.
SELEKCIJA Azotobacter chroococcum – PUT DO
MIKROBIOLOŠKOG ÐUBRIVA ZA ŠEÆERNU REPU
Nastasija Mrkovaèki, Sneana Mezei, L. Kovaèev i N. Èaèiæ
Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad
Znaèajan doprinos plodnosti zemljišta i odrivoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji potièe od
slobodne fiksacije atmosferkog azota. Više vrsta bakterija, slobodnih azotofiksatora, a
meðu njima i vrste Azotobactera su dale pozitivan odgovor inokulisanih biljaka. Kod
razlièitih biljnih vrsta – pšenice, kukuruza, suncokreta, šeæerne repe, paradajza inokulacija
Azotobacterom uticala je ne samo na poveæanje prinosa veæ i na poboljšanje
njegovog kvaliteta. Rezultati ovih istraivanja otvorili su pitanje moguænosti selekcije
sojeva za odreðenu biljnu vrstu.
U ovim ispitani su sojevi Azotobacter chroococcum u èistoj kulturi. Testirano je niz
osobina: aktivnost nitrogenaze, rezistentnost na razlièite pesticide i njihove razlièite
koncentracije, zatim uticaj temperature na rast sojeva, uticaj pilete šeæerne repe na rast,
uticaj razlièitih nivoa azota u podlozi kao i uticaj sojeva na kaluse šeæerne repe. Ispitane
osobine sojeva omoguæile su izbor – selekciju dobrih sojeva (od 20 do 12, i od 8 do 5
sojeva) koji su se pokazali kao najbolji za buduæu uspešnu zajednicu sa šeæernom repom.
U daljim ispitivanjima sojeva Azotobacter chroococcum u zajednici sa biljkom šeæerne
repe u staklari i u polju odabrali smo tri soja Azotobacter chroococcum – kao
najefektivnije za gajenje šeæerne repe. Ovi sojevi èine bazu za proizvodnju
mikrobiološkog ðubriva za šeæernu repu.
SELECTION OF Azotobacter chroococcum – A WAY TO
MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER FOR SUGARBEET
Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen contributes significantly to soil fertility and indirectly
to sustainable agriculture. Several free nitrogen-fixing bacteria including Azotobacter
species have bene observed to elicit a positive response of inoculated plants. In different
plant species – wheat, corn, sunflower, sugarbeet, tomato – inoculation with Azotobacter
increased not only crop yield but also crop quality. This study has been initiated to assess
possibilities of selecting bacterial strains for specific crops.
In this study, Azotobacter chroococcum strains have been tested in pure culture, for the
following characteristics: nitrogenase activity, resistance to various pesticides and their
different concentrations, effect of temperature on bacterial growth, effect of sugarbeet
pelleting mass on bacterial growth, effect of different nitrogen levels in the substrate and
the effect of bacterial strains on sugarbeet calli. Based on their performance, good strains
have been selected (from 20 to 5 strains) for combining with sugarbeet. Of the
Azotobacter chroococcum strains that were subsequently grown in association with
sugarbeet plants in the greenhouse and in the field, three were selected as most effective
for combining with sugarbeet. These strains will be used for the production of a microbiological
fertilizer for sugarbeet.