Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

142 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE IV-Pos-25
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.
GRUPE VEZANIH GENA I AGRONOMSKA SVOJSTVA STOÈNOG GRAŠKA
(Pisum sativum L.)
V. Mihailoviæ 1 , A. Mikiæ 1 , Marija Kraljeviæ-Balaliæ 2 , S. Vasiljeviæ 1 i D. Miliæ 1
1
Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Zavod za krmno bilje, Novi Sad
2
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad
Iako je grašak (Pisum sativum L.) jedna od najèešæe i najdue genetski i citogenetski
prouèavanih biljnih vrsta, tek je relativno nedavno došlo do nastanka celovite slike
graškovog genoma, kako u smislu kariotipa, tako i u pogledu organizacije grupa
vezanosti, odnosno grupa vezanih gena (linkage groups). Grašak ima nevelik broj
hromozoma (n=7), od kojih su pet akrocentrici (3, 4, 5, 6i7)idvasubmetacentrici (1 i
2), ali, usled velièine biljaka i sloenosti genoma, nije mnogo omiljen u genetickoj
analizi. Sa druge strane, bogat genom graška, od oko 4·10 9 bp i uz prosecni CG sadraj
od 37,4 %, zajedno sa visokim stepenom samooplodnje i izraenom i lako uoèljivom
morfološkom varijabilnošæu, moe da prui izuzetnu osnovu za temeljno i uspešno
prouèavanje graðe genoma.
Od sedam grupa vezanih gena graška, prva se vezuje za drugi, druga za šesti, treæa za
peti, èetvrta za èetvrti, peta za treæi, šesta za prvi i sedma za sedmi hromozom. Ogroman
doprinos razviæu genetskih mapa graška dalo je korišæenje genetskih markera, u prvom
redu onih koji su zasnovani na tehnikama AFLP, RAPD, retrotranspozona ili EST.
Zahvaljujuæi tome, došlo je do objedinjavanja razlièitih mapa u jedinstvenu, usaglašenu
mapu vezanosti za grašak. Poslednjih godina, veliki podsticaj fundamentalnim
istraivanjima daju saznanja o genomima novijih model biljaka, Medicago truncatula i
Lotus japonicus, uz odreðivanje stepena sintenije izmeðu njih i ostalih mahunarki, u
prvom redu graška, soèiva i nauta. Istovremeno, primena molekularnih markera postaje
neprocenjiva u pronalaenju lokusa za kvantitativna svojstva (QTL), što je od
izvanrednog znaèaja za efikasno oplemenjivanje.
LINKAGE GROUPS AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF FODDER PEA (Pisum sativum L.)
Although pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most frequently and most extensively
studied plant species, it is only relatively recently that a coherent picture of pea genome
has emerged, both in terms of karyotype and the organisation of the linkage groups. Pea
has only seven chromosomes, five acrocentrics (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) and two submetacentrics
(1 and 2), but is not very popular in genetic analysis, due to plant size and complex genome.
However, the richness of pea genome, with about 4·10 9 bp and the average CG
content of 37.4 %, together with high level of self-pollination and noticeable morphological
variability, provides an excellent basis for universal study of genome architecture.
Pea has seven linkage groups, the first being linked with the second chromosome, the
second with the sixth, the third with the fifth, the fourth with the fourth, the fifth with the
third, the sixth with the first and the seventh group linked with the seventh chromosome.
Genetic markers, especially by those AFLP, RAPD, transposone or EST based, gave an
immense contribution to genetic maps development and their integration into a consensus
linkage map for pea. During last few years, the fundamental research in pea was
given a great stimulus by knowledge on genomes of novel model plants, Medicago
truncatula and Lotus japonicus, along with the determination of level of synteny among
these two and other legumes, especially pea, lentil and chickpea. At the same time, the
exploitation of genetic markers becomes irreplaceable in finding out QTL, gaining an extraordinary
importance in efficient breeding.