Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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12 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE I-Usm-1 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. BIODIVERZITET RATARSKIH KULTURA U CRNOJ GORI M. Dimitrijeviæ i Sofija Petroviæ Katedra za genetiku i oplemenjivanje biljaka, Departman za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad Intenzifikacija poljoprivredne proizvodnje, «zelena revolucija», je donela nove visoko prinosne sorte i hibride ratarskih kultura i saglasno sa tim i intenzivniji naèin proizvodnje. Proseèni prinosi pojedinih ratarskih kultura su poveæani 2-3 puta. Meðutim, gajenje intenzivnih sorti i hibrida na velikim površinama, znaèajno je uticalo na suavanje biodiverziteta ratarskih kultura i spontanih srodnika. Promena strukture setve je dovela do nepovratnog gubljenja mnogih lokalnih populacija poljoprivrednog bilja, koje su generacijama gajene u pojedinim regionima. Ove populacije se nisu odlikovale visokim prinosom, èesto su bile dobrog kvaliteta, posebno po današnjim kriterijumima tzv. «zdrave hrane» i bile su dobro adaptirane na lokalne uslove gajenja. Ispitivanjem na teritoriji Crne Gore je ustanovljeno da se erozija biodiverziteta ratarskih i povrtarskih kultura javlja i u krajevima koji nisu izrazito poljoprivredni regioni. Stare sorte i spontani srodnici se povlaèe pred novostvorenim visokoprinosnim sortama i hibridima, kao i pred korišæenjem poljoprivrednog zemljišta u druge svrhe. U radu su dati rezultati ekspedicije ispitivanja biodiverziteta i sakupljanja uzoraka na teritoriji Crne Gore tokom 2004. FIELD CROPS BIODIVERSITY IN MONTENEGRO The advancement in agriculture, so called green revolution, has brought up a number of new high yielding field crop varieties and hybrids, as well as, remarkable changes in the intensity of agricultural production. The average yield of many crops increased 2-3 times. However, high yielding varieties and hybrids being grown on a large scale, significantly narrowed biodiversity of field crops and spontaneous relatives. That led to irreversible lost of many local populations that had been for generations in certain regions. These local populations were not high yielding, but non-rarely they had good quality, particularly according to today’s criteria of «healthy food» and they were well adapted to local growing conditions. Examining biodiversity of field crops in Montenegro, remarkable erosion was noted. That trend was observed not only in agricultural areas, but also in the mountain region. Old varieties and local population had to retreat facing high yielding varieties, the products of modern breeding programs, or usage of agricultural productive land for other purposes. The article reveals the results of biodiversity examining and collecting expedition conducted in Montenegro territory in 2004.
I-Usm-2 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 13 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. UTVRÐIVANJE GENETIÈKE DISTANCE ODABRANIH VRSTA RODA PICEA NA OSNOVU VARIJABILNOSTI TERPENOIDNOG SASTAVA ETARSKIH ULJA ÈETINA V. Isajev Šumarski fakultet, Beograd U cilju ispitivanja genetske distance i moguænosti hemotaksonomskog doprinosa bliem upoznavanju meðuvrsne prmenljivosti èetiri vrste roda Picea – Picea orientalis L., Picea jozoensis (Seib et Zucc) Carr., Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr i Picea omorika (Panè.) Purkyne, koje pripadaju sekcijama Eupicea, Casicta, Omorika obavljena je analiza terpenoidnog sastava etarskih ulja èetina. Dvogodišnje èetine P. orientalis, P. jezoensis i P. sitchensis su sakupljene sa više stabala iz kulturnih zajednica u Srbiji, a èetine omorike sa šireg autohntonog staništa u Nacionalnom parku Tara. Iz svee sakupljenih èetina destilacijom vodenom parom dobijena su etarska ulja u razlièitim prinosima. Gasno-hromoatografskom analizom primenom nepolarne kvarcne kolone DB-5, 30m; na temperaturi 65 oC, utvrðen je preliminarni terpenoidni sastav isparljivih ulja iz èetina. Biohemijska veza izmeðu znaèajnih terpenskih komponenti etarskih ulja predstavlja osnov: za upoznavanje genetske distance izmeðu izabranih vrsta, upoznavanje moguænosti njihovog šireg korišæenja u biotehnologiji kao i za dalja hemotaksonomska i evolutivna istraivanja roda Picea DETERMINATION OF THE GENETIC DISTANCE OF SELECTED SPECIES GENUS PICEA BASED ON THE VARIABILITY OF NEEDLE OIL TERPENE COMPOSITIONS The aim of research in this paper was to analyze the terpene compositions of volatile oils from needls of four species Picea orientalis L., Picea jezoensis (Seib et Zucc) Carr., Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr i Picea omorika (Panè.) Purkyne. Selected species bilong to different sections of genus Picea - Eupicea, Casicta, Omorika. The two years old needles were collected et the end of vegetation period of Picea omorika, from the locality in the wider native range et the National Park Tara, of P.sitchensis, P. jozoensis and P. orientalis, from the culture in Serbia. The ether solutions of volatile oils were prepared and analyzed bz GLC with a Perkin-Elmer Sigma 2B gas chromatograph, equipped with a FID and Shimadzu C-RIB data system. The biosynthetic relationship of major terpenes of volatile needle oils and their significance for determination of the genetic distance of selected species, further use in biotechology, and for the chemotaxonomy of the examined spruces were discussed.
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ZAVRŠNO PREDAVANJE CLOSING LECTURE
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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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