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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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12 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE I-Usm-1<br />

Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.<br />

BIODIVERZITET RATARSKIH KULTURA U CRNOJ GORI<br />

M. Dimitrijeviæ i Sofija Petroviæ<br />

Katedra za genetiku i oplemenjivanje biljaka, Departman za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo,<br />

Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad<br />

Intenzifikacija poljoprivredne proizvodnje, «zelena revolucija», je donela nove visoko<br />

prinosne sorte i hibride ratarskih kultura i saglasno sa tim i intenzivniji naèin<br />

proizvodnje. Proseèni prinosi pojedinih ratarskih kultura su poveæani 2-3 puta. Meðutim,<br />

gajenje intenzivnih sorti i hibrida na velikim površinama, znaèajno je uticalo na<br />

suavanje biodiverziteta ratarskih kultura i spontanih srodnika. Promena strukture setve<br />

je dovela do nepovratnog gubljenja mnogih lokalnih populacija poljoprivrednog bilja,<br />

koje su generacijama gajene u pojedinim regionima. Ove populacije se nisu odlikovale<br />

visokim prinosom, èesto su bile dobrog kvaliteta, posebno po današnjim kriterijumima<br />

tzv. «zdrave hrane» i bile su dobro adaptirane na lokalne uslove gajenja. Ispitivanjem na<br />

teritoriji Crne Gore je ustanovljeno da se erozija biodiverziteta ratarskih i povrtarskih<br />

kultura javlja i u krajevima koji nisu izrazito poljoprivredni regioni. Stare sorte i spontani<br />

srodnici se povlaèe pred novostvorenim visokoprinosnim sortama i hibridima, kao i pred<br />

korišæenjem poljoprivrednog zemljišta u druge svrhe. U radu su dati rezultati ekspedicije<br />

ispitivanja biodiverziteta i sakupljanja uzoraka na teritoriji Crne Gore tokom 2004.<br />

FIELD CROPS BIODIVERSITY IN MONTENEGRO<br />

The advancement in agriculture, so called green revolution, has brought up a number of<br />

new high yielding field crop varieties and hybrids, as well as, remarkable changes in the<br />

intensity of agricultural production. The average yield of many crops increased 2-3 times.<br />

However, high yielding varieties and hybrids being grown on a large scale, significantly<br />

narrowed biodiversity of field crops and spontaneous relatives. That led to irreversible<br />

lost of many local populations that had been for generations in certain regions. These local<br />

populations were not high yielding, but non-rarely they had good quality, particularly<br />

according to today’s criteria of «healthy food» and they were well adapted to local growing<br />

conditions. Examining biodiversity of field crops in Montenegro, remarkable erosion<br />

was noted. That trend was observed not only in agricultural areas, but also in the mountain<br />

region. Old varieties and local population had to retreat facing high yielding varieties,<br />

the products of modern breeding programs, or usage of agricultural productive land<br />

for other purposes. The article reveals the results of biodiversity examining and collecting<br />

expedition conducted in Montenegro territory in 2004.

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