Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

IV-Usm-12 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 101
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.
NOVIJI REZULTATI I NEKI BUDUÆI PRAVCI
OPLEMENJIVANJA TRITIKALEA U SCG
M. Milovanoviæ
IIP «SRBIJA», Centar za strna ita, Kragujevac
Prve sorte ozimog i jarog tritikalea na tadašnjim Jugoslovenskim prostorima su stvorene
u Kragujevcu. Pored kragujevaèkog programa panju zavreðuju i rezultati postignuti u
Novom Sadu i Zajeèaru. Do sada priznat broj sorti i njihove poeljne osobine omoguæili
su da ova nova gajena vrsta dostigne danas u SCG površine od oko 60.000 ha sa
tendencijom daljeg porasta. U našoj zemlji se tritikale uglavnom seje u ozimoj setvi (oko
98%). Danas su vodeæe sorte tritikalea u proizvodnji KG. 20, Knjaz i Rtanj. Pored njih
zastupljene su i sorte Goranac i Novosadski tritikale. U proizvodnju se uvode sorte
ozimog tritikalea Favorit i Trijumf koje ispunjavaju veæinu zahteva proizvoðaèa, pa se
oèekuje još veæi buduæi porast površina pod ovom vrstom. Novije sorte tritikalea su
dostigle prinose vodeæih komercijalnih sorti ozime pšenice i znaèajno nadmašuju prinose
sorti ozimog jeèma, što doprinosi da su sve više zastupljene u proizvodnji zamenjujuæi
jeèam, ra i pšenicu prvenstveno po pitanju proizvodnje stoène hrane. Kod najnovijih
sorti ozimog tritikalea postignuti su zavidni rezultati po osobinama ranostasnosti, niske
stabljike, rodnosti, produktivnog bokorenja, tolerantnosti na kiselo zemljište, nalivenosti
i kvaliteta zrna, što doprinosi da ove sorte bivaju atraktivne i za šire (Evropske) okvire
gajenja. Pored rezultata oplemenjivanja u radu su prezentirani i neki vaniji problemi u
dosadašnjem radu i predloeni buduæi pravci i strategije u cilju njihovog prevazilaenja i
buduæeg još uspešnijeg istraivanja, širenja i unapreðenja ove nove vrste. Posebna panja
poklonjena je buduæim metodama za stvaranje nove varijabilnosti i proširenju
biodiverziteta tritikalea.
RECENT RESULTS AND SOME FUTURE PROSPECTS OF TRITICALE
BREEDING IN SCG
First cultivars of winter and spring triticale on former Yugoslavia spaces were created in
Kragujevac. Besides of KG program, noticeable results were achieved in Novi Sad and
Zajecar, too. Recognized number of cultivars until now days and their desirable traits
were made possible that this grown species attain growing areas of about 60.000 ha this
year in SCG, with ascending further tendency. In SCG triticale is grown in generally in
winter sowing terms (about 98%), with major cultivars in production KG. 20, Knjaz and
Rtanj. Besides of those there are present cultivars Goranac and Novosadski tritikale, too.
New cultivars of winter triticale Favorite and Triumph, which satisfy majority of producers
needs, are in phase of introduction to practice, so, the further even greater growing areas
under this species in the future could be expected. Some of new cultivars attained
grain yield of leading commercial cultivars of winter wheat and significantly surpassed
grain yield of winter barley cultivars, which contributes that they are more and more
present in practice on the place of barley, rye and wheat, for feed production purpose on
the first place. At the most new cultivars of winter triticale were achieved desirable results
according to traits of: earliness, short stem, high yield, productive tillering, tolerance
to acid soil, kernel filling and quality, which contribute that these cultivars becomes
attractive for broader (European) frames of growing, too. Besides of results of breeding,
also, in the paper were presented some important problems in the past work and proposed
future prospects and strategies in the goal of theirs overcoming, as well as even more successful
future research, broadening and improvement of this new species. Special attention
was directed to future methods for creation of new variability and broadening of
triticale biodiversity.