Style Sheet: MLA (Modern Language Association) Style Citations

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2 If the work you are making reference to has no author, use an abbreviated version of the work’s title. For non-print sources, such as films, TV series, pictures, or other media, or electronic sources, include the name that begins the entry in the Works Cited page. For example: The UC Berkeley Campus Code of Student Conduct defines plagiarism as “the use of intellectual material produced by another person without acknowledging its source” (<strong>Style</strong> <strong>Sheet</strong>s for Citing Resources). Sometimes you may have to use indirect quotation. An indirect quotation is a quotation that you found in another source that was quoting from the original. For such indirect quotations, use “qtd. in” to indicate the source. For example: Miller himself said that “the story of Salesman is absurdly simple! It is about a salesman and it’s his last day on the earth” (qtd. in Bigsby 104). For works with more than two authors or editors use first author’s name and “et al.” (Latin: et alii = and others). Quotations To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks and incorporate it into your text. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation. Questions marks and exclamations marks should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage (then you still need a period after the parenthetical citation!) but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text. “Incorporating” short quotations into your text means that you must be careful that the grammatical forms and the sentence structure are correct. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to add or omit words or even change forms. All these changes must be indicated by using brackets and ellipsis marks. For example: Harold Bloom argues that “His [i. e. Graham Greene’s] more celebrated novels fade already into the continuum of literary tradition” (8). -> The additional information is given in square brackets. -> A capital letter (His) is used with the first word of a direct quotation of a whole sentence. -> Do not use a capital letter with the first word of a direct quotation of part of a sentence. According to Lawrence we are all relieved that not everybody is as deluded as Willy “When Biff says […] that his father ‘had the wrong dreams’” (57). -> If you omit a word or words from a quotation you must indicate the deleted word(s) by using ellipsis marks surrounded by square brackets. -> For a quotation within a quotation you should use single quotation marks. When Joachim tells Hans Castorp that Behrens is annoyed by patients who aren’t willing to die, Hans Castorp says, “Daß [sic] geht nicht, daß man ihn so mir nichts, dir nichts –”, but he can’t finish the sentence because he bursts out laughing (Mann 80). -> Use [sic] (Latin = “so”, “thus”) to indicate that a mistake is in the source you are quoting and not your own.
3 If you quote poetry and you integrate the lines into your text, a slash (/) with a space on either side is used to separate lines. For example: In Julius Caesar, Antony begins his famous speech with “Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears; / I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him” (III.ii.75-76). Long quotations (longer than four typed lines of prose and three typed lines of verse) are placed in a free-standing block. Quotation marks are omitted. Start the quotation on a new line, indented one inch (2.54 cm) from the left margin. Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. For example: In his essay “The Right Dream in Miller’s Death of a Salesman”, Lawrence concludes that Willy’s dreams may not be so wrong after all. The Works Cited List Basic rules: Willy may be deluded but his only delusion is that he thinks men can be magnificent because they love. This is not the error of a petty man. Willy is a dreamer. But part of the dream is good. […] Attention must be paid to Willy Loman because he believes in love, which is only the extreme form of being well liked. (59) - Authors’ names are inverted (last name first); if a work has more than one author, invert only the first author’s name, follow it with a comma, then continue listing the rest of the authors. - If you have cited more than one work by the same author, order them alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author’s name. - If no author is given for a particular work, alphabetize by the title of the piece and use a shortened version of the title for parenthetical citation. - Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc. This rule does not apply to articles, short prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle. - Underline or italicize titles of books, journals, magazines, newspapers, and films. BOOKS General Format Author#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Author#2FirstName(s) Last Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication. Single author Bigsby, Christopher. Arthur Miller: A Critical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Multiple authors Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. For works by more than three authors or editors, you may list all as above or only the first followed by a comma and “et al.” Translated Work Racine, Jean. Jean Racine’s Phaedra: A Tragedy: A New Verse Translation of Phèdre. Trans. Edwin Morgan. Manchester, Eng.: Carcanet, 2000. Multi-volume work Dostoyesvky, Fyodor. The Unpublished Dostoyesky: Diaries and Notebooks (1860-81). Ed. Carl R. Proffer. Trans. T. S. Berczynski, et al. 3 vols. Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1973-1976. No author named The Bible with Sources Revealed: A New View into the Five Books of Moses. 1st ed. Trans. and commentary Richard Elliot Friedmann. San Francisco: Harper, 2003.
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Style Sheet: MLA (Modern Language Association) Style Citations

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