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AgriPROBE March 2006 - Department of Agriculture: Western Cape

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<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


ditorial<br />

REdaksioneel<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong><br />

word vier keer per jaar gratis versprei na<br />

Probe (v) explore or examine; investigate;<br />

intended to discover the truth; searching.<br />

While preparing this edition <strong>of</strong> the AgriProbe, the story about<br />

new sightings <strong>of</strong> the Riverine Rabbit in the arid Karoo really<br />

caught my imagination. What I found especially captivating,<br />

were the words “habitat specialist”, and that, as such, these<br />

rare rabbits serve as biological indicators for their normal<br />

habitat.<br />

With a little bit <strong>of</strong> lateral thinking, I could not help<br />

comparing this rabbit to our farmers (in the best possible<br />

light!) Farmers today have to be specialists, not only <strong>of</strong><br />

market trends, <strong>of</strong> their production area, <strong>of</strong> the ecological<br />

effects <strong>of</strong> their farming activities - farmers today have to be<br />

habitat specialists <strong>of</strong> their own, sensitive to changes in their<br />

environment, visionary and flexible.<br />

To all our readers: we hope that you will enjoy this edition<br />

<strong>of</strong> the AgriProbe.<br />

Is groter noodwendig beter? Schalk Cloete, spesialisnavorser<br />

by die Instituut vir Diereproduksie, bekyk die<br />

geldigheid van hierdie aanname van nader op bladsy 4.<br />

Johan Labuschagne van die Instituut van Plantproduksie<br />

kyk na die belang van grondkoolst<strong>of</strong>.<br />

In our cover story on page we look at the application<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Department</strong>’s Food Security policies on grassroots<br />

level.<br />

Your regular editor is on maternity leave, and the rest<br />

<strong>of</strong> the editorial team would like to congratulate Charlene<br />

and her husband Hans on the new addition to their family:<br />

René.<br />

Happy Reading/Lekker lees/ Wonwabele ukufunda<br />

Liesl Muller (LieslM@elsenburg.com)<br />

If you need any <strong>of</strong> the articles in this magazine in another <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>ficial languages <strong>of</strong><br />

the <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong>, we would be happy to arrange translation <strong>of</strong> you. Please contact<br />

the Editor on Tel. 0 808 5008.<br />

Indien u enige van die artikels in hierdie tydskrif in een van die ander amptelike tale<br />

van die Wes-Kaap benodig, kan u ons gerus kontak om die vertaling daarvan vir u te<br />

reël. Kontak die redakteur by Tel. 0 808 5008.<br />

Ukuba ufuna naliphi na inqaku elikule magazini ngolunye ulwimi olusemthethwen<br />

kwiilwimi zaNtshona Kiloni, siya kukulungiselela ukuba ukuba linuqulwe inqaku elo<br />

ngothkazelelo. Nceda ke uqhagamshelane noMhleli kule nombolo yefowuni 0 808<br />

5008.<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

intekenare deur die Wes-Kaapse Departement<br />

Landbou.<br />

is distributed by the <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Agriculture</strong>:<br />

<strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong> to subscribers four times per<br />

year.<br />

REDAKSIE<br />

Charlene Nieuwoudt (Redakteur)<br />

Liesl Muller<br />

Dr Ilse Trautmann<br />

ADVERTENSIES<br />

Gizelle van Wyk<br />

Tel (0 ) 808 50<br />

E-pos: gizellevw@elsenburg.com<br />

ADRES<br />

Departement Landbou<br />

Privaatsak X<br />

ELSENBURG<br />

7607<br />

Tel (0 ) 808 5008<br />

Faks (0 ) 808 5000<br />

E-pos: charlenen@elsenburg.com<br />

REPRODUKSIE<br />

Sibanye Print Solutions<br />

DRUKWERK<br />

Sibanye Print Solutions<br />

Subscriptions<br />

For free subscription to this quarterly magazine<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong> <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Agriculture</strong>,<br />

forward your details to Magriet de Lange at:<br />

Tel (0 ) 808 76 3<br />

Fax (0 ) 808 7605<br />

E-mail magrietadl@elsenburg.com<br />

ISSN: 1810-9799


3<br />

Contents/<br />

Inhoud<br />

Gardens for food and pr<strong>of</strong>it<br />

p.<br />

SPESIALE ARTIKELS SPECIAL FEATURES<br />

4 Groter is beter .... <strong>of</strong> is dit?<br />

7 Wheat: smaller areas cultivated?<br />

8 Riverine rabbit back in the Karoo<br />

10 Ukufudunyezwa komhlaba ngemitha yelanga<br />

ukunqanda ikhula<br />

12 Gardens for food and pr<strong>of</strong>it<br />

14 Herstrukturering van waterbestuur<br />

16 Grondkoolst<strong>of</strong> mag nie ignoreer word nie!<br />

BROKKIES BITS AND PIECES<br />

9 Helping hand for carthorses<br />

19 New researchers at Animal Production<br />

19 Training the trainers: Agri-entrepreneurship<br />

ELSENBURG JOERNAAL / JOURNAL<br />

Special edition:<br />

Outeniqua information day papers<br />

2 Forage quantity and quality from kikuyu pasture oversown<br />

with ryegrass and clover<br />

3 Die produksie van Voersorghum- en Bastervoermannakultivars<br />

as wei- en kuilvoergewasse<br />

5 Die produksiepotensiaal van lusern wat met<br />

verskillende oorsaaimetodes en by verskillende<br />

saaitye met eenjarige raaigras oorgesaai word<br />

8 The effect <strong>of</strong> Flavomycin on milk production and milk<br />

composition <strong>of</strong> Jersey cows on planted pasture<br />

10 Strategic N fertilization <strong>of</strong> perennial ryegrass-white<br />

clover pastures<br />

<strong>Agriculture</strong> Diary<br />

28 April-1 May<br />

Cheese<br />

Festival<br />

28 April - 1May: <strong>2006</strong> CHEESE FESTIVAL<br />

Venue: Bien Donne Farm, between Paarl and<br />

Franschhoek<br />

Foodies, reach for your diaries. Tables will be brimming<br />

with cheese and its perfect partners at the 006 SA<br />

Cheese Festival.<br />

A limited number <strong>of</strong> tickets are available and can be<br />

purchased in advance only. Tickets are available at<br />

Computicket and online from <strong>March</strong> at R70 per person<br />

(includes shopping bag, festival programme, tastings and<br />

demonstrations). Discount for senior citizens. Children<br />

under : free.<br />

For more details, contact Agri-Expo at tel 0 975<br />

4440, e-mail cheese@agriexpo.co.za or visit www.<br />

cheesefestival.co.za.<br />

18-20 April:<br />

ELSENBURG SCHOOLS OPEN DAYS<br />

An opportunity for learners <strong>of</strong> all grades to experience<br />

animal production at first hand! 12 visitor’s points,<br />

including sheep, horses, cattle, poultry and much more!<br />

For more information contact William Gertenbach at<br />

(0 ) 808 5 0.<br />

3 May<br />

OSTRICH SALE & FARMER’S DAY,<br />

OUDTSHOORN<br />

For more information contact Anel Engelbrecht at (044)<br />

7 6077<br />

18 May<br />

WINETECH: BOTTLING, PACKAGING & DISTRI-<br />

BUTION WORKSHOP<br />

Infruitec, Stellenbosch. For more information contact Ilse<br />

Trautmann at (0 ) 808 50 7.<br />

2 June<br />

Old Mutual Farmer’s Day: MANAGING YOUR<br />

RISKS<br />

Venue: Elsenburg, 09h00<br />

Presentations on risk management and succession<br />

management for farmers, their successors and partners.<br />

For more information contact Ingrid du Toit on 0 870<br />

437.<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


Groter is beter ....<br />

Die afgelope aantal jare is gekenmerk deur ’n<br />

algemene daling in die pryse van kommoditeite<br />

soos mielies en koring. Verder het insetkostes<br />

relatief vinnig toegeneem, wat die winsgewendheid van<br />

boerdery onder druk geplaas het. Wat kleinvee betref,<br />

was die verhouding tussen wol- en vleispryse onderhewig<br />

aan aansienlike wisselings oor die afgelope aantal jare.<br />

Dit is egter onmoontlik om sulke veranderinge te probeer<br />

akkomodeer in ’n teeltplan, omdat binne-ras genetiese<br />

verandering relatief stadig plaasvind. Alternatiewe strategieë<br />

om korttermyn-voordele van verhoogde vleispryse te benut,<br />

moet dus oorweeg word.<br />

Terminale kruisteling (’n stelsel waarin al die<br />

kruislammers geslag word) van woltipe ooie met vleistipe<br />

ramme word gesien as ’n opsie om risiko oor die wol- en<br />

vleis-kommoditeite te versprei. So ’n strategie maak dit<br />

moontlik vir kommersiële produsente om die voordele van<br />

basterkrag en seksuele dimorfisme te benut. Seksuele<br />

dimorfisme dui op die voordeel wat behaal word as<br />

relatief klein moederooie met ’n relatief groot ramlyn<br />

gepaar word, om vinniggroeiende lammers te teel<br />

wat gou markgereed is. Relatief klein ooie het ’n<br />

bykomstige voordeel in so ’n stelsel, omdat hulle<br />

onderhoudsbehoefte minder is as díe van groot ooie.<br />

Omdat kruislammers in die algemeen vinniger as<br />

suiwer wolproduserende lammers groei, is dit moontlik<br />

om slegs die ooikudde oor periodes van voerskaarste,<br />

soos die somer in die Wes-Kaap, aan te hou. Indien<br />

verkeerd geïmplementeer, lei so ’n strategie egter<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong> is dit?<br />

SWP Cloete 1 *, JJE Cloete 2 *, MJ Herselman 3 & LC H<strong>of</strong>fman 4*<br />

tot die kontaminasie van wol en ’n verlies aan genetiese<br />

materiaal vir suiwer teling. Terminale kruisteling van<br />

dubbeldoel- en woltipe ooie met Dormer- en Suffolkramme<br />

is teen die agtergrond ondersoek.<br />

Die eksperiment is op Langgewens proefplaas tussen<br />

Moorreesburg en Malmesbury uitgevoer. Die proefplaas<br />

het ’n tipiese Mediterreense klimaat, met 78% van die totale<br />

gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslag van 395mm wat in die winter<br />

voorkom. Somers is oorwegend droog, warm en winderig,<br />

met ’n gebrekkige voervoorsiening. Die area leen hom<br />

uitstekend tot die produksie van droëland-wintergraan. Die<br />

feit dat graanproduksie in die meeste gevalle die primêre<br />

bedryf is, tesame met die klimaat, maak die area geskik vir<br />

’n terminale kruisteeltstelsel van woltipe ooie met terminale<br />

ramrasse.<br />

So ’n stelsel is nie baie bestuursintensief nie en die<br />

kruislammers se groei verseker dat hulle voor die periode<br />

van voerskaarste in die somer en herfs bemark kan word,<br />

Tabel 1: Oorlewing, liggaamsgewig en woleienskappe van die onderskeie<br />

ooilyne. Gemiddeldes is uitgedruk relatief tot ’n waarde van 100 by VG+<br />

ooie.<br />

Ooilyn Oorlewing Liggaamsgewig<br />

Vaggewig<br />

Stapelsterkte<br />

Veseldikte<br />

DD 0.90 ( 06) 67.4 ( 9) . (46) 8.4 (70) 3.5 ( 03)<br />

DD 0.78 (9 ) 65.5 ( 6) 3.3 (67) 3 .9 (78) 3.0 ( 00)<br />

DD3 0.85 ( 00) 65. ( 5) 3.5 (73) 37.3 (9 ) .0 (96)<br />

VG+ 0.85 56.7 4.8 40.7 .9<br />

Rep+ 0.90 ( 06) 54.7 (96) 4. (87) 35.9 (88) .4 (98)<br />

4


met die gevolg dat slegs die<br />

ooitrop oorsomer moet word.<br />

Die ooilyne wat gebruik<br />

is, was twee wol- en drie<br />

dubbeldoeltipes. Ongeveer 40<br />

ooie het elke tipe verteenwoordig.<br />

Tydens die ontwikkeling van die<br />

eerste dubbeldoeltipe (DD ) is<br />

meer aandag aan vleis as aan<br />

wol gegee. Aandag tussen vleis<br />

en wol is ongeveer gelykop<br />

verdeel tussen die volgende twee<br />

dubbeldoeltipes (DD en DD3).<br />

Die woltipe ooie was spesialislyne<br />

wat óf vir vaggewig (VG+) óf vir<br />

reproduksie (Rep+) geselekteer<br />

is. Al die ooie wat gebruik is, is<br />

nie vir vervanging geselekteer in<br />

hulle kuddes van oorsprong nie,<br />

en was dus geskik om as moeders<br />

in ’n terminale kruisteeltstelsel<br />

gebruik te word. Geen verlies<br />

aan genetiese materiaal vir<br />

suiwer teling het dus in die<br />

ooie se kuddes van oorsprong<br />

voorgekom nie. Die ooie is vanaf<br />

999 tot 004 óf met Dormer- óf<br />

met Suffolkramme gepaar. Die<br />

ooie is tydens Februarie-Maart<br />

van elke jaar gedek, om in Julie-<br />

Augustus te lam. ’n Standaard<br />

bestuursprogram is vir die gebied<br />

gevolg en byvoeding is slegs vir ’n<br />

kort rukkie tydens 00 benodig.<br />

Ramras het nie ’n invloed op enige<br />

van die parameters wat gemeet<br />

is, gehad nie. Die resultate van<br />

ramras word dus nie weergegee<br />

nie. By ooie is data aangaande<br />

oorlewing, volwasse gewig,<br />

vageienskappe en reproduksie<br />

aangeteken.<br />

Slagouderdom en -gewig is by<br />

die lammers aangeteken.<br />

Resultate<br />

Oorlewing tot aan die einde van<br />

die eksperiment het redelik tussen<br />

ooilyne gewissel (Tabel ), maar<br />

daar kon geen betekenisvolle<br />

verskil aangetoon word nie. Aan<br />

die einde van die eksperiment<br />

was ooie uit die Dubbeldoellyne<br />

tussen 5 en 9%<br />

swaarder as ooie<br />

in die VG+ lyn. Die<br />

vaggewig van die<br />

DD lyn het minder<br />

as 50% van die<br />

vaggewig van die<br />

VG+ lyn bedra, terwyl<br />

die vaggewig van die<br />

DD - en DD3 lyne<br />

ongeveer 70% van<br />

die vaggewig van die<br />

5<br />

Daar word dikwels<br />

deur boere aanvaar<br />

dat die groter diere<br />

noodwendig meer<br />

doeltreffend sal<br />

wees as kleiner<br />

tipes, soos gesien<br />

kan word op die<br />

seleksiedruk vir groei<br />

en liggaamsgrootte.<br />

Dit moet egter nie<br />

altyd sonder meer<br />

aanvaar word nie .....<br />

Tabel 2 Slageienskappe van lammers sowel as die<br />

lamopbrengs van ooie, uitgedruk per ooi gepaar.<br />

Gemiddeldes is uitgedruk relatief tot ’n waarde van<br />

100 by VG+ ooie.<br />

Ooilyn Lammers Lamopbrengs<br />

per teelooi<br />

gepaar<br />

Slagouderdom Slaggewig Uitslag % Lammers<br />

geslag<br />

VG+ lyn beloop het. Die vaggewig<br />

van die Rep+ lyn was 3% laer as<br />

by die VG+ lyn. Die stapelsterkte<br />

van die ander lyne was oorwegend<br />

swakker as by die VG+ lyn, met die<br />

algemene tendens vergelykbaar<br />

met die tendens vir vaggewig. Die<br />

variasie in volwasse veseldikte<br />

van die ooilyne was betreklik min,<br />

met die DD3 lyn wat die fynste<br />

wol geproduseer het. Ooie met<br />

oormatige sterkwol is tydens die<br />

seleksie van vervangingsooie in die<br />

oorspronklike VG+ en Rep+ lyne op<br />

die eienskap uitgegooi. Hulle is egter<br />

nog aanvaar vir terminale kruisteling.<br />

Die praktyk het moontlik bygedra tot<br />

die relatief hoë veseldikte van die<br />

woltipe ooie wat vir dié eksperiment<br />

gebruik is.<br />

Die slagouderdom van die<br />

terminale kruislammers gebore uit<br />

die dubbeldoeltipes was tussen 3<br />

en 8% laer as by die nageslag van<br />

VG+ ooie (Tabel ). Die slaggewig<br />

van lammers wat uit dubbeldoeltipes<br />

geteel is, was tussen 7 en 9%<br />

hoër as by VG+ ooie se nageslag,<br />

terwyl uitslagpersentasie tussen 4<br />

en 6% hoër was as by VG+ ooie.<br />

Geen betekenisvolle lynverskil is<br />

vir reproduksie verkry nie. Aantal<br />

lammers geslag per teelooi en<br />

gewig lam geslag per teelooi was<br />

in absolute terme onderskeidelik<br />

tussen 0 en 9 % en tussen 9 en<br />

34% hoër by die dubbeldoelooilyne<br />

en die Rep+ lyn as by die VG+ lyn.<br />

Alle produksie- en gehaltedata<br />

is vervolgens vir die onderskeie<br />

ooilyne saamgevat en onderwerp<br />

aan ’n ekonomiese simulasie. Bruto<br />

inkomste bo direkte insetkoste<br />

per kleinvee-eenheid (KVE) is<br />

vir die onderskeie lyne bereken<br />

en grafies by verskillende wol:<br />

vleisprysverhoudings voorgestel<br />

(sien Figuur ). Die belangrikste<br />

kostefaktor wat in die tipe<br />

produksiestelsel voorkom, is<br />

voerkoste. Die relatiewe voedingsbenodighede<br />

van die diere is bekom<br />

uit hulle gewigte, sowel as die tyd<br />

wat dit nodig was om<br />

die lammers op die<br />

plaas te onderhou.<br />

Gewig<br />

geslag<br />

DD 34 (8 ) 40.3 ( 09) 4 .0 ( 06) .07 ( 9) 4 .6 ( 30)<br />

DD 43 (87) 39. ( 07) 40.6 ( 05) . 6 ( 9) 44. ( 34)<br />

DD3 4 (87) 39.7 ( 07) 40.0 ( 04) 0.99 ( 0) 39.3 ( 9)<br />

VG+ 64 37.0 38.5 0.90 3 .9<br />

Rep+ 65 ( 0 ) 37.8 ( 0 ) 39.3 ( 0 ) . ( 4) 4 .0 ( 8)<br />

Uit die simulasie<br />

het dit geblyk dat<br />

daar by ’n wol:<br />

vleisprysverhouding<br />

van .57 ’n verskil<br />

van ongeveer R80<br />

per KVE was tussen<br />

die mees ekonomiese<br />

Rep+ ge-notipe en die<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


mins winsgewende DD genotipe.<br />

Die verskil het op die stadium 8%<br />

bedra, as dit relatief tot die DD<br />

genotipe uitgedruk is. Verskille<br />

tussen die genotipes was relatief<br />

klein as die wolprys baie laag relatief<br />

tot die vleisprys was (< : ). Soos<br />

die verhouding egter wyer getrek<br />

het, het die lyne uit mekaar beweeg<br />

volgens die wolproduksie van die<br />

onderskeie genotipes. By wydste<br />

wol:vleisprysverhouding het die<br />

VG+ lyn dieselfde inkomste per KVE<br />

gelewer as die Rep+ genotipe, wat<br />

oor ’n wye reeks prysverhoudings<br />

die beste ekonomiese opbrengs<br />

gelewer het. Op die stadium was<br />

die inkomste van die woltipe ooie<br />

ongeveer 37 % hoër as by die DD<br />

genotipe.<br />

Die relatiewe sukses van die<br />

kleiner woltipes relatief tot die<br />

groter dubbeldoeltipes is te danke<br />

aan ’n paar faktore:<br />

§ Die hoër wolproduksiekapasiteit<br />

het bygedra (wolopbrengs/kg<br />

liggaamsgewig was by die<br />

woltipes sowat 8-9% teenoor<br />

sowat 5-6% by die DD en DD3<br />

genotipes, en 3.5% by die DD<br />

genotipe).<br />

§ Die lamopbrengs van die woltipeooie<br />

was nie veel swakker as<br />

dié van die dubbeldoelooie<br />

nie – die Rep+ genotipe het<br />

veral in die opsig goed met die<br />

dubbeldoelooie kompeteer.<br />

§ Hul relatief klein liggaamsgrootte<br />

het die woltipe-ooie bevoordeel<br />

in die ekonomiese analise,<br />

omdat meer van hulle per<br />

eenheidsoppervlakte aangehou<br />

kan word. Die feit dat hulle<br />

lammers langer onderhou<br />

moes word voor hulle bemark<br />

is, het weer teen hulle getel.<br />

Omdat lammers baie korter as<br />

die ooie op die plaas onderhou<br />

moet word, het die nadeel van<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

430<br />

4 0<br />

390<br />

370<br />

350<br />

330<br />

3 0<br />

90<br />

70<br />

50<br />

0.78 . 8 .57 .96 .35<br />

Wol:Vleisprys verhouding<br />

Figuur 1 Bruto inkomste bo direkte insetkoste per<br />

kleinvee-eenheid (KVE) vir die onderskeie ooilyne by<br />

verskillende wol:vleisprys verhoudings<br />

Hierdie resultate is uit ’n<br />

terminale kruisteeltstelsel<br />

verkry, maar dit is bes moontlik<br />

ook van toepassing op suiwer<br />

teling. Seleksiedoelwitte in<br />

die breë bedryf moet dus<br />

teen hierdie agtergrond<br />

deeglik oorweeg word, om<br />

te verseker dat daar met die<br />

mees doeltreffende genotipes<br />

geboer word. Op die stadium<br />

word daar dus in die Nasionale<br />

Kleinveeverbeteringskema<br />

ekstra aandag geskenk aan die<br />

klem op liggaamsgrootte by die<br />

seleksie van kleinvee.<br />

Schalk Cloete:<br />

Instituut vir Diereproduksie<br />

Jasper Cloete:<br />

Kaapse Instituut vir<br />

Landbou-Opleiding:<br />

Elsenburg<br />

DD1<br />

DD2<br />

DD3<br />

VG+<br />

Rep+<br />

’n laat bemarkingsouderdom<br />

egter nie die voordeel van die<br />

kleiner ooitipe opgehef nie.<br />

§ ’n Verskil (ook seksuele<br />

dimorfisme genoem) tussen<br />

die grootte van ooi- en ramlyne<br />

is uitgewys as ’n faktor wat<br />

in kruisteeltstelsels baie tot<br />

kuddeproduktiwiteit bydra.<br />

Dié aanpassing is maklik om<br />

te bereik. In hierdie proef<br />

het dit slegs ’n keuse tussen<br />

verskillende beskikbare ooilyne<br />

behels. As aanvaar word<br />

dat volwasse Dormer- en<br />

Suffolkramme 00kg weeg,<br />

was die verhouding van<br />

ooigewig tot ramgewig by<br />

woltipe ooie in die eksperiment<br />

> : .76, in vergelyking met<br />

tussen : .48 en .54 by<br />

dubbeldoeltipes.<br />

Ander faktore wat ook in<br />

konvensionele produksiestelsels<br />

tot ’n verhoging in produktiwiteit<br />

kan bydra, is die verbetering<br />

van reproduksie in die ooikudde<br />

sowel as die verhoging van<br />

voerdoeltreffendheid van reproduserende<br />

ooie.<br />

Die moeilikheidsgraad hiervan<br />

word as matig aangegee.<br />

Navorsing op Elsenburg het bewys<br />

dat goeie vordering van tussen<br />

en % per jaar in reproduksie van<br />

skape daargestel kan word as<br />

doelgerig daarvoor geselekteer<br />

word. ’n Verbeterde voeromset<br />

van vroulike diere word as moeilik<br />

bereikbaar bestempel.<br />

Erkenning<br />

Die ondersoek is gedeeltelik befonds<br />

deur die Rooivleisnavorsings- en<br />

Ontwikkelingstrust sowel as deur die<br />

Suid-Afrikaanse Wolbedryf. Mnr Andries<br />

Durand en sy personeel op Langgewens<br />

(wat vir die tegniese uitvoering van die<br />

projek en die onderhoud en versorging<br />

van die proefkudde verantwoordelik was)<br />

word ook hartlik bedank.<br />

6


Wheat:<br />

smaller areas cultivated?<br />

HENK CERFONTEYN, Institute for Resource Utilisation<br />

Crop estimation enables countries to address any<br />

shortfalls in crop production through imports, or to<br />

know in advance if a surplus may result in pr<strong>of</strong>itable<br />

exports. In South Africa, the Crop Estimates Committee is<br />

responsible for crop estimation.<br />

The Crop Estimates Committee meets on a monthly<br />

basis to review summer (e.g. maize, sunflower, dry beans,<br />

etc.) and winter crops (wheat, malting barley, canola and<br />

sweet lupines). The committee consist <strong>of</strong> representatives<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Agriculture</strong>, Provincial <strong>Department</strong>s <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Agriculture</strong>, the Agricultural Research Council, Statistics<br />

SA, and the National Agricultural Marketing Council.<br />

Malting barley, canola and sweet lupines are grown in<br />

the <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong>, but not extensively. Wheat is by far the<br />

largest grain crop cultivated in the Swartland and Overberg<br />

regions.<br />

In May the Crop Estimates Committee should be<br />

releasing the final estimates on the current wheat crop<br />

( 005/ 006 season); which stands at ,886 million tonnes<br />

at present.<br />

The current wheat<br />

crop is higher than<br />

Free State<br />

570 000<br />

7<br />

Northwest<br />

149 800<br />

Northern <strong>Cape</strong><br />

305 500<br />

Average <strong>of</strong> hectares under<br />

wheat production for<br />

the period 1995/1996 to<br />

2004/2005*<br />

Other<br />

216 100<br />

<strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong><br />

645 000<br />

Hectares under<br />

wheat production<br />

for 2005/<strong>2006</strong><br />

(% decrease)<br />

South Africa 99 885 800 500 (- 9%)<br />

<strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong> 358 645 300 000 (- 6%)<br />

Free State 50 098 380 000 (- 4%)<br />

Average <strong>of</strong> the area under wheat production for South Africa, the<br />

<strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong> and the Free State for the last ten years.<br />

*Crop Estimates Committee<br />

the previous season’s<br />

figure <strong>of</strong> 1,68 million<br />

tonnes. However, the<br />

acreage has decreased<br />

Figure: Summary <strong>of</strong><br />

final production estimate<br />

(tonnes) for wheat for<br />

2005/<strong>2006</strong> season (Crop<br />

Estimates Committee).<br />

“Climate change<br />

and a highly<br />

competitive<br />

marketing<br />

environment<br />

put additional<br />

strain on farming<br />

communities and<br />

agriculture at large.<br />

This may lead to<br />

smaller areas being<br />

cultivated.”<br />

from the previous season’s figure <strong>of</strong> 830 000 hectares. This<br />

implies that somewhat better conditions prevailed during<br />

this season ( ,3 tonnes per hectare) compared to that <strong>of</strong><br />

the preceding season ( ,0 tonnes per hectare).<br />

Figure clearly shows that the <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong>, Free<br />

State and Northern <strong>Cape</strong> are the major producers <strong>of</strong> wheat,<br />

each contributing respectively 34%, 30% and 6% <strong>of</strong> the<br />

total wheat production for the season. Wheat production<br />

in the Northern <strong>Cape</strong> is under irrigation, but in the <strong>Western</strong><br />

<strong>Cape</strong> and Free State it is predominantly dryland production<br />

and dependent on rain. The relatively poor performance <strong>of</strong><br />

the wheat crop ( ,5 tonnes per hectare) in the Free State<br />

was due to dry conditions that prevailed during the growing<br />

season. The area under production for the Free State was<br />

380 000 hectares.<br />

As for the <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong>, the crop estimate for wheat<br />

now stands at 645 000 tonnes being produced on 300 000<br />

hectares. In the previous season the corresponding figures<br />

were 5 0 000 tonnes and 354 000 hectares, also indicating<br />

a rise in production. The previous season was very dry,<br />

resulting in poor crops in the northern Swartland.<br />

During the the 005/6 season less ground was cultivated<br />

when compared to the average <strong>of</strong> the previous ten seasons<br />

(see table).<br />

The smaller areas under wheat production may be<br />

pointing to current climatic and economic conditions.<br />

Consecutive dry seasons and low marketing prices for<br />

wheat, are making wheat a less pr<strong>of</strong>itable commodity to<br />

cultivate.<br />

It would be interesting to see how the areas under<br />

cultivation in the new season compares with this one.<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


Riverine rabbit back<br />

in Karoo<br />

Be t w e e n<br />

September<br />

6 and 30<br />

005, <strong>Cape</strong> Nature and<br />

the Endangered Wildlife Trust’s<br />

Riverine Rabbit Working Group<br />

organised a comprehensive and<br />

very successful Riverine Rabbit<br />

survey. It was carried out by 5<br />

dedicated conservationists <strong>of</strong> which<br />

3 were on foot and two were on<br />

horseback. 5 Riverine Rabbits<br />

were counted in the central Klein<br />

Karoo between Touwsrivier and<br />

Montagu and in the Ceres Karoo.<br />

In both regions the occurrence <strong>of</strong><br />

this critically endangered mammal<br />

has only recently been discovered<br />

and this survey now confirms their<br />

presence.<br />

These surveys may, at the<br />

first glance, look like a fun and<br />

adventurous hike through the back<br />

roads <strong>of</strong> the Karoo, but they are<br />

actually very costly and demanding<br />

exercises. During the past seven<br />

years comprehensive field surveys<br />

have been conducted throughout<br />

the Karoo in co-operation with<br />

the Northern and <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong>’s<br />

provincial conservation authorities<br />

(partly funded by WWF-SA) and<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

Riverine Rabbits<br />

are habitat<br />

specialists,<br />

and function<br />

as biological<br />

indicators for the<br />

river zones in the<br />

Karoo.<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> kilometres<br />

<strong>of</strong> dense riverine areas in<br />

the central and upper Karoo<br />

region have been investigated and<br />

rummaged through with teams <strong>of</strong> 0<br />

to 0 people and horses to locate and<br />

count one <strong>of</strong> southern Africa’s most<br />

endangered mammals, the Riverine<br />

Rabbit Bunolagus monticularis.<br />

Despite the exciting news<br />

confirming their presence in two<br />

new areas, Riverine Rabbits<br />

are still largely a poorly known<br />

species. The Riverine Rabbit was<br />

first discovered in 1901 and even<br />

then was described as “completely<br />

unique and unlike any other species<br />

so far described” (Thomas, 903).<br />

It was always assumed that its<br />

distribution range is limited to the<br />

areas more or less surrounding<br />

the Karoo towns <strong>of</strong> Sutherland,<br />

Calvinia, Fraserburg, Beaufort<br />

West, Victoria West, Carnarvon<br />

and Williston (mainly Nama Karoo<br />

eco region). The new discoveries<br />

now raise many questions: has<br />

the species successfully hidden<br />

itself for more than 00 years in<br />

other parts <strong>of</strong> the Karoo such as<br />

the Succulent Karoo in the Ceres,<br />

Montagu and Worcester Districts?<br />

8


On the photograph: All unique features are there - uniformely<br />

brown tail, long ears, white eye ring and a black strip along the<br />

lower jaw. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> the critically endangered Riverine<br />

Rabbit (Bunolagus monticalaris) in this part <strong>of</strong> the Karoo was not<br />

known before !<br />

Photograph: TONY CAMACHO<br />

Has the Riverine Rabbit always occurred there and people<br />

believed it is just another hare? Why are daily sightings <strong>of</strong><br />

the species much higher in this part <strong>of</strong> the Karoo than in the<br />

formally known distribution range? More research is required<br />

to answer these and other questions to better understand<br />

this mysterious and scarce creature and to assist us to<br />

implement more effective conservation measures.<br />

The Riverine Rabbit is a habitat specialist that occupies<br />

a very restricted and specialised niche: the discontinuous<br />

and dense vegetation on s<strong>of</strong>t and nutrient-rich alluvial soils<br />

associated with the seasonal rivers <strong>of</strong> the Karoo. Riverine<br />

Rabbits therefore function as a biological indicator for the<br />

river zones in the Karoo. In the arid Karoo, riparian zones<br />

are <strong>of</strong> enormous economical value for commercial farmers<br />

which they use for cultivation. In addition the dense riverine<br />

vegetation plays an important role as a buffer zone for<br />

grazing livestock during drought periods. The extinction <strong>of</strong><br />

Riverine Rabbits in many areas <strong>of</strong> its former distribution<br />

range in the Northern and <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong> is therefore<br />

indicative <strong>of</strong> the severe destruction, fragmentation and loss<br />

<strong>of</strong> this habitat.<br />

Both the Succulent and Nama Karoo biomes are under<br />

threat from grazing, agriculture and mining. The smaller<br />

Succulent Karoo is known to boast one <strong>of</strong> the highest levels<br />

<strong>of</strong> plant endemism and has been declared one <strong>of</strong> the three<br />

conservation hotspots in South Africa that also attracts the<br />

attention <strong>of</strong> international conservation initiatives. Both areas<br />

in which the occurrence <strong>of</strong> the Riverine Rabbit has recently<br />

been confirmed belong to the geographic priority areas<br />

<strong>of</strong> SKEP (the Succulent Karoo Ecosystem Programme)<br />

placing another critically endangered, endemic species on<br />

the Succulent Karoo’s list <strong>of</strong> threatened species.<br />

Fortunately, all the farms in the Klein- and Ceres<br />

Karoo region where Riverine Rabbits have recently been<br />

discovered are owned by landowners who are committed to<br />

conserving their land for future generations and subscribe<br />

to the principles <strong>of</strong> sustainable biodiversity conservation on<br />

their properties. In many parts <strong>of</strong> the Karoo, landowners<br />

regard themselves as land stewards and manage their<br />

natural resources wisely. The network <strong>of</strong> conservancies<br />

and protected areas in this area is expanding with the aim<br />

<strong>of</strong> conserving Karoo biodiversity, and if this continues, the<br />

fate <strong>of</strong> the Riverine Rabbit in perhaps even more currently<br />

undiscovered areas will be secure - at least for now.<br />

Please report any potential sightings to the Riverine<br />

Rabbit Working Group: Cell: 08 446 548.<br />

9<br />

THE RRWG IS PROUDLY SUPPORTED BY:<br />

Agri-Expo, The Elizabeth Wakeman Henderson<br />

Charitable Foundation, the Mazda Wildlife Fund,<br />

Rand Merchant Bank, The Green Trust, WWF-<br />

SA, Zoological Society for the Conservation <strong>of</strong><br />

Species and Populations and the Wildlife and<br />

Environment Society <strong>of</strong> SA.<br />

Nelmarie Visser is a researcher at the<br />

Institute for Plant Production.<br />

E-mail: NelmarieV@elsenburg.com.<br />

Helping hand<br />

for carthorses<br />

Dr. James Kitching, Acting Director Of Veterinary Services<br />

in the <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong>, <strong>of</strong>ficially handed over deworming<br />

medication and vaccines to the Cart Horse Protection<br />

Association for the treatment <strong>of</strong> the 500 or so recorded<br />

horses. These horses have also virtually all been microchipped<br />

by the <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong> Veterinary Services in order<br />

to assist the owners with the prevention <strong>of</strong> theft <strong>of</strong> their only<br />

means <strong>of</strong> earning a livelihood. It is important that cart horse<br />

owners have healthy animals in order to have a successful<br />

business.<br />

The cart horse industry forms a crucial part <strong>of</strong> the<br />

economy <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Cape</strong> Flats. The majority <strong>of</strong> horses are<br />

used to transport scrap metal, but also market vegetables,<br />

and anything which generates an income. It is estimated<br />

that the industry generates approximately R7,9million per<br />

year and feeds some 6000 families. Hence the CPHA play<br />

a vital role in maintaining the health and welfare <strong>of</strong> these<br />

animals upon which so many people are dependent.<br />

It is estimated that the<br />

industry generates R7,9<br />

million annually and feeds<br />

some 6000 families.<br />

The <strong>Department</strong>’s contribution is focussed on uplifting<br />

the members <strong>of</strong> this community by assisting them in keeping<br />

their horses healthy. This affords many families who would<br />

not have any other viable means <strong>of</strong> eraning a livelihood a<br />

degree <strong>of</strong> job and food security.<br />

For more detailed information about the activities <strong>of</strong><br />

the CHPA and the vital role they play in this area please<br />

contact Dee Terblanche on 084 0 5339 or the Directorate<br />

Veterinary Services, Dr. James Kitching, on (0 ) 887<br />

03 4.<br />

Dr James Kitching making the rounds while some “carties” wait to<br />

show <strong>of</strong>f their pony.<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


Ukufudunyezwa<br />

komhlaba<br />

ngemitha<br />

yelanga<br />

ukunqanda<br />

ikhula<br />

Amafama asakhulayo angenazibonelelo eziluncedo<br />

asenokubona ukufudunyezwa komhlaba ngemitha<br />

yelanga njengendlela elungileyo yokulawula ukhula<br />

ngokulungelelanisiweyo kwizitiya zemifuno nezezinongo.<br />

Ukufudunyezwa komhlaba ngemitha yelanga yindlela elula<br />

engasebenzisi zikhemikhali, nebamba amandla obushushu<br />

obusuka kwilanga. Oku kwandisa iqondo lobushushu<br />

bomhlaba ongaphezulu ngaphezu kwama 50°C. Oko<br />

kuye kukhokelele kulawulo okanye kuxinzelelo lomngundo<br />

owenziwa ngumhlaba, izinambuzane, iintsholongwane<br />

iinematodes nokhula.<br />

Ukufudunyeza komhlaba ngemitha yelanga kuvumelekile<br />

ukuba kusetyenziswe kwimveliso elungelelanisiweyo.<br />

Kunokuba negalelo kuncitshiso losetyenziso lwezibulalazintsholongwane<br />

nezibulala-zityalo. Ukusetyenziswa<br />

kokufudunyezwa komhlaba ngemitha yelanga kukhuselekile<br />

1<br />

2<br />

3<br />

Lungisa umhlaba: Umphezulu womhlaba ogudileyo<br />

nothe tyaba ongenamaqhekeza omhlaba nokungcola<br />

okwenziwa zizityalo awusayi konakalisa iplastiki ethe<br />

tyaba yokugquma, kwaye le plastiki iza konyusa<br />

izinga lokuthabatha ubushushu ngomhlaba.<br />

Qinisekisa ukuba kukho iipokotho zomoya ezimbalwa<br />

ngaphantsi kweplastiki ethe tyaba yokugquma ukuze<br />

kungaphazanyiswana nokufudumeza ngemitha<br />

yelanga okuthe ngqo.<br />

Nkcenkceshela: Umhlaba wunkcenkceshele<br />

ngokwaneleyo kodwa ungeqisi. Oku kuza konyusa<br />

izinga lokungena kobushushu ngembonakalo<br />

enokubakho yeengcambu. Kwakhona kumhlaba<br />

<strong>of</strong>umileyo, izitshabalalisi-zityalo ezisebenziselanayo<br />

ezincinane ezisemhlabeni zisebenza kakhulu, ngolo<br />

hlobo zenze ukuba umhlaba ungathabatheki ziimeko<br />

zobushushu ezibulalayo.<br />

Yomba umjelo: Yomba umjelo omncinanana<br />

kunesigqumathelo seplastiki ukuze ube<br />

nokusongela iplastiki kumjelo. Umjelo kufuneka<br />

ube malunga nama- 0 eesentimitha ubunzulu,<br />

ze ububanzi bona ibe bobomhlakulo. Lo mjelo<br />

uza kusetyenziselwa ukubamba iplastiki.<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

kubasebenzi nezilwanyana. Kwangaxeshanye, amalungu<br />

amancinane kakhulu asebenziselanayo asemhlabeni<br />

nawo afumana uncedo. Umhlaba <strong>of</strong>udunyezwe ngemitha<br />

yelanga wenza izityalo ukuba zitsale ngokukhawuleza<br />

izondlo, ingakumbi inayitrojini, ikhalsiyam nemagniziyam.<br />

Imbewu intshula ngokukhawuleza. Izityalo zikhula<br />

ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zisoloko zikhula ngokupheleleyo<br />

msinya zize zibonise ngokomelela imveliso ekwizinga<br />

eliphezulu kunakumhlaba ongakhange ufudunyezwe<br />

ngemitha yelanga. Ukufudunyezwa komhlaba ngemitha<br />

yelanga eNtshona Koloni kuza kuba yeyona ndlela<br />

ilungileyo ngexesha lehlobo, xa isixa esiphezulu samandla<br />

emitha yelanga sinokufunyanwa.<br />

Qhagamshelana no: Mike Ferreira,<br />

kwiZiko leMveliso yeziTyalo, iSebe<br />

lezoLimo laseNtshona Koloni (e-<br />

Elsenburg); Inombolo yefowuni: 0 808<br />

5 79; i-imeyile: mikefe@elsenburg.<br />

4<br />

5<br />

Yandlala isigqumathelo<br />

seplastiki ebonakalisa<br />

ngaphaya: Beka iplastiki<br />

ebonakalisa ngaphaya<br />

unqumleze umhlaba<br />

ophezulu oza kufudunyezwa ngemitha yelanga.<br />

Isiphelo seplastiki le kufuneka sibe ngaphakathi<br />

kumjelo. Kulula kwaye kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa<br />

imicu yesigqumathelo seplastiki enobubanzi obuyi-<br />

,5 yemitha. Iplastiki ebhityileyo iza kuvumela imitha<br />

yelanga emininzi ukuba ingene emhlabeni, ze oko<br />

kwenze iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.<br />

Gqumelela iplastiki ephakathi kumjelo ngomhlaba:<br />

Njengokuba iplastiki itsalwa ngokuqinileyo, yibambe<br />

okanye yigcine emjelweni ngokuyigqumelela<br />

ngomhlaba. Ukubambeka kwayo ngokomeleleyo<br />

emhlabeni kwenza ngcono ubushushu. Sishiye<br />

esi sigqumathelo seplastiki kangangeeveki ezi-4<br />

ukuya kwezi-6. Emva kweli xesha, wususe umhlaba<br />

kwimijelo ukuze ukhuphe iplastiki. Izityalo ke ngoku<br />

zinokutyalwa, kodwa ungaxubi umhlaba ongakhange<br />

wenziwe kwibhedi yezityalo efudunyezwe ngemitha<br />

yelanga.<br />

0


Ontmoet ons kenners ....<br />

Instituut vir Hulpbronbenutting<br />

Dr Johann Booysen<br />

Dr. Johann Booysen is met ingang Januarie 006 as die nuwe<br />

ho<strong>of</strong> van die Instituut vir Hulpbronbenutting van die Program<br />

Tegnologie, Navorsing en Ontwikkeling, <strong>Department</strong> Landbou<br />

Wes-Kaap, aangestel.<br />

Hierdie instituut is een van drie navorsingsinstitute van<br />

die <strong>Department</strong>, met die ander twee die Institute vir<br />

Diere- en Plantproduksie. Dr. Booysen het sy B.Sc<br />

Agric, B.Sc. Agric Hons en M.Sc Agric (cum laude)<br />

aan die Universiteit van die Vrystaat behaal, en sy<br />

Ph.D aan die Universiteit van Nebraska-Lincoln, VSA.<br />

Dr. Booysen was ondermeer ’n Assistent-Direkteur<br />

verbonde aan die Departement van Landbou, Pretoria<br />

en later Mede-Pr<strong>of</strong>essor en Waarnemende Ho<strong>of</strong> van die<br />

<strong>Department</strong> Plantwetenskappe aan die Universiteit van<br />

Potchefstroom.<br />

Hierna was hy Direkteur van die Instituut vir<br />

Reklamasie Ekologie aan dieselfde universiteit.<br />

Gedurende 000 privatiseer hierdie instituut tot ’n<br />

privaat maatskappy Eko Rehab, waar hy tot en met 005<br />

as besturende direkteur verbonde was.<br />

Dr. Booysen is ’n spesialis op die gebiede van<br />

plant ekologiese dinamika, gewasmodellering,<br />

besluitnemingsmodelle, grondfisika, omgewingsekologie,<br />

omgewingsbestuur en Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GIS).<br />

Kontak Johann gerus op Tel. (0 ) 808 77 3; or JohannB@<br />

elsenburg.com.<br />

Heinrich Schloms<br />

Heinrich behaal sy B.Sc. Agric (Wingerd en Grondkunde)<br />

in 003 aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, en begin in<br />

005 sy M.Sc in Grondkunde met Pedologie (die vakrigting<br />

van grondkunde wat gronde as ’n natuurlike verskynsel<br />

behandel) as spesialisveld.<br />

Sy M.Sc handel oor droëland verbrakking van die<br />

Swartland en die pedologiese prosesse wat daarmee<br />

gepaard gaan.<br />

Heinrich het in Maart 005 by die Instituut van<br />

Hulpbronbenutting aangesluit as Landbouwetenskaplike,<br />

met ho<strong>of</strong>fokus daarop om grond te karteer en te<br />

klassifiseer.<br />

Heinrich lewer ’n adviesdiens<br />

aan boere oor grondpotensiaal<br />

deur gronde te karteer, klassifiseer<br />

en grondverslae te skryf vir<br />

kommersiële boere, nuwekleinboere,<br />

LRAD projekte en<br />

staatsdepartemente (Waterwese,<br />

Grondsake).<br />

Heinrich sê: “Geen ernstige<br />

boer behoort aanplantings te<br />

oorweeg voordat hy/sy nie ’n<br />

gedetaileerde grondondersoek<br />

laat doen het om te bepaal hoe<br />

die grond bestuur moet word en<br />

hoe die plante sal reageer nie”.<br />

Pedologiese data word gebruik vir die volgende:<br />

§<br />

§<br />

§<br />

§<br />

§<br />

§<br />

§<br />

§<br />

“Die Instituut vir<br />

Hulpbronbenutting fokus<br />

op die belangrikste deel van<br />

landbou - sy hulpbronne.<br />

Sonder die korrekte gebruik<br />

van ons belangrikste bates,<br />

water en grond, lyk landbou<br />

se toekoms beslis nie<br />

rooskleurig nie”<br />

grondbewerkingsmetodes<br />

besproeiing<br />

installering van dreinering (Pedoloog bepaal tipe<br />

indien nodig)<br />

onderstokkeuses (veral by wingerd waar<br />

grondeienskappe die onderstokke baie beïnvloed)<br />

plantspasiëring<br />

bemestingaanbevelings<br />

potensiaalstudies<br />

gewaskeuses<br />

Heinrich kan op (0 ) 808 5493 <strong>of</strong> HeinrichS@elsenburg.<br />

com bereik word.<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


Gardens for food s<br />

With the 004/5 restructuring <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Agriculture</strong>’s Farmer Support and Development<br />

programmes, a sub-programme entitled ‘Food<br />

Security’ was created. The aim <strong>of</strong> this sub-programme, is to<br />

establish food security gardens in townships and to assist<br />

AIDS infected and affected individuals, the unemployed,<br />

and centres, to become less dependent on hand-outs, and<br />

to enable them to not only produce their own food, but to<br />

sell the vegetables they grow at a pr<strong>of</strong>it.<br />

RUDOLPH RöSCHER from Worcester, describes some<br />

success stories behind two food security gardens recently<br />

funded by the <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Agriculture</strong>: <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong>.<br />

The first was at the New Beginning Shelter, a shelter<br />

that provides shelter to the homeless, and also provide<br />

rehabilitation for people suffering from drug- or alcohol<br />

dependence. Many <strong>of</strong> the inhabitants are women and<br />

children who would, if the shelter were not there, be forced<br />

to sleep underneath bridges and bushes at night, where<br />

they would be exposed to rape and abuse.<br />

The second garden was constructed at the Kibbutz<br />

El-Shammah which provides shelter to street children and<br />

provide an educational program to get these children school<br />

ready and back in school within a few months.<br />

To ensure sustainable production <strong>of</strong> fresh vegetables<br />

emphasis was placed on creating partnerships with other<br />

departments, the local municipality, churches, farming<br />

community, chamber <strong>of</strong> business, etc.<br />

The result was that:<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

§ <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Agriculture</strong> created the infrastructure<br />

§ A 50% discount was given by the company providing<br />

the gypsum<br />

§ Transport for the gypsum was provided by a local<br />

transport company at no charge<br />

§ The District Municipality provided a plough<br />

§ Local churches provided planting material, fertilizers<br />

and pesticides<br />

§ Formal training on vegetable production was provided<br />

Both these<br />

organizations<br />

produced<br />

enough food for<br />

themselves and<br />

were also able<br />

to sell some <strong>of</strong><br />

the produce.


§<br />

ecurity .... and<br />

3<br />

by the <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Agriculture</strong><br />

The farming community now use previously home-<br />

and jobless people to work on their farms as seasonal<br />

labourers, providing jobs and opportunities to those<br />

without.<br />

Both <strong>of</strong> the food gardens produced enough food for<br />

themselves and were also able to sell some <strong>of</strong> the produce.<br />

They made enough money to cover their running costs for<br />

the next vegetable season.<br />

The Shelter also now provides fresh vegetables to a<br />

local soup kitchen who in their turn provide warm soup and<br />

bread to homeless people during the cold winter months.<br />

In the past 8 months 4 similar gardens <strong>of</strong> approximately<br />

00m² were created at schools, clinics and crèches in<br />

townships in the Worcester area.<br />

As a result <strong>of</strong> the two big food security gardens that<br />

were established a need was identified by women in the<br />

community that smaller gardens were needed by individual<br />

families at their homes. HIV/Aids support groups also<br />

contacted us for help because they wanted to provide fresh<br />

vegetables to HIV positive people within their community.<br />

With a simple conversion <strong>of</strong> the existing irrigation<br />

system provided to the two original food security gardens,<br />

the <strong>Department</strong> can now provide irrigation for a vegetable<br />

garden to individual families at their homes at a very low<br />

cost.<br />

These smaller gardens are 5m x 6m big and consist out<br />

<strong>of</strong> a dripper irrigation system, a 0-liter bucket installed<br />

meter above the ground and a filter. From this garden 215<br />

crops can be produced.<br />

Costs analyses show that the infrastructure (irrigation<br />

system) costs R 00 and the running costs (fertilizer,<br />

pesticides, plant material, water) is R60 / season (90 days).<br />

Within one season the owner can have an income <strong>of</strong> R750,<br />

less his running costs for the next season (R60) and still<br />

have R690 in his pocket. With that he can buy new system<br />

(R 00) plus cover the running costs (R60) for a second<br />

garden, doubling his production and pr<strong>of</strong>it, which means<br />

his net income after the second season, can be R 380, an<br />

average <strong>of</strong> R460/month over a 3 month period.<br />

The biggest benefit from these smaller gardens is<br />

that they are very simple to operate (the 0 liter bucket<br />

only needs to filled in the morning and afternoon) and is<br />

environmentally friendly since it ensures efficient water<br />

use; 40 liters/day, a cost <strong>of</strong> R9/season. Most food security<br />

farmers are very poor and cannot afford high water use.<br />

They <strong>of</strong>ten don’t have access to municipal water, so farmers<br />

have to carry water to their gardens.<br />

In the past 8 months 40 food gardens (approximately<br />

30m² each) were created at schools, clinics and crèches in<br />

our townships. Some are now already in their 4th harvesting<br />

season.<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>it<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


Herstrukturering in<br />

waterbestuur:<br />

Vorder<br />

ons?<br />

Die Laer Olifantsrivier<br />

Watergebruikersvereniging<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

Die September uitgawe van Elsenburg Joernaal het<br />

berig oor ’n 00 gevallestudie in die nuut gestigde<br />

Laer Olifantsrivier Watergebruikersvereniging<br />

(LORWGV) rakende die akkommodering van voorheen<br />

benadeelde groepe (VBG) binne die raamwerk van die<br />

nuwe Waterwet.<br />

Die LORWGV (gestig in Augustus 00 ) was een van<br />

die eerste operasionele watergebruikersverenigings in<br />

Suid-Afrika en kan in baie opsigte as model vir toekomstige<br />

verenigings dien.<br />

Kommentaar vanuit verskeie oorde het die behoefte<br />

laat ontstaan vir ’n kort opvolg rakende verwikkelinge in die<br />

LORWGV sedert 00 . ’n Onderhoud was in die verband<br />

met die ho<strong>of</strong> uitvoerende beampte van die LORWGV belê<br />

met die volgende as kort opsomming.<br />

Die LORWGV stelsel bestaan uit die Bulshoek dam<br />

(ho<strong>of</strong>saaklik gevoed uit die groter Clanwilliam dam) wat<br />

as uitkeerdam dien vir ’n oop-kanaal stelsel van ongeveer<br />

3 0km. Die stelsel bedien besproeiing- (ho<strong>of</strong>saaklik<br />

tafel- en wyndruiwe) en munisipale gebruik in Vredendal<br />

en Lutzville asook kleiner gemeenskappe nader aan die<br />

Weskus. Die stelsel is onderworpe aan beduidende intransito<br />

verliese agv lang afstande; beduidende verliese<br />

deur verdamping (tot 0% van totale lewering); lekkasies<br />

en soms waterdiefstal. Totale verliese word tussen 5% en<br />

30% van totale lewering geraam. Alhoewel dit beduidend<br />

is, is sodanige syfer aansienlik beter as die 40%+ verliese<br />

wat dikwels in die verlede aangeteken was voor die<br />

Willem de Lange,<br />

Agricultural Economist<br />

WillemDL@elsenburg.com<br />

4


totstandkoming van die vereniging. Die<br />

stelsel funksioneer op ’n 4 -weke jaarlikse<br />

looptyd met 4 uur per dag leibeurte.<br />

’n Maksimum plaasopgaarkapasiteit<br />

van 35% van inlystings word toegelaat<br />

alhoewel die meeste plase te klein is<br />

vir beduidende opgaarkapasiteit. Boere<br />

is dus afhanklik van effektiewe kanaal<br />

bestuur. Alhoewel ’n 9 5 inlysting van<br />

00m 3 /ha/jaar in die LORWGV geld, kan<br />

sodanige volumes selde aan gebruikers<br />

verskaf word agv ongekende groei in die<br />

vraag na water en beperkte kapasiteitsuitbreidingsmoontlikhede.<br />

Die hele stelsel<br />

word streng op ’n aanvraagstelsel bestuur<br />

met jaarlikse rekonsiliasie berekeninge<br />

aan die einde van September om kwotas<br />

vir die komende seisoen te bepaal. So<br />

byvoorbeeld word die komende ( 006)<br />

seisoen se kwota op ongeveer 7000m 3 /ha<br />

geskat.<br />

Bogenoemde dui op ’n uiters skaars,<br />

duur hulpbron. Besproeiingsregte kos<br />

tipies R60 000/ha in die LORWGV. Dit<br />

is daarom van uiterste belang vir alle<br />

gebruikers in die bestuursgebied om saam<br />

te werk om te verseker dat die hulpbron<br />

doeltreffend en regverdig bestuur word.<br />

Soos enige hulpbron-skaarsheid gedrewe<br />

vraagstuk, ontwikkel politieke druk parallel<br />

met ’n toename in die skaarsheid van<br />

die hulpbron. Politieke oorwegings kan<br />

dus nie geïgnoreer word nie, maar moet<br />

terselfdertyd nie toegelaat word om logiese<br />

bestuursbesluite te intimideer nie: indien<br />

dit sou gebeur kan ’n situasie ontstaan<br />

waar individue verryk word ten koste van die gemeenskap.<br />

Dit is dan ook die geval in ’n prominente VBG (Ebenhaeser<br />

gemeenskap met ’n 57ha inlysting) wat aan die einde van<br />

die kanaalstelsel naby Lutzville geleë is.<br />

Water was reeds voor die stigting van die LORWGV<br />

gratis aan die Ebenhaeser Kleinboere (EKB) voorsien<br />

met die veronderstelling dat EKB die hulpbron onderling<br />

bestuur en die interne verspreidingsstelsels van die<br />

gemeenskapsgrond in stand hou. Verskeie probleme,<br />

waaronder interne konflik binne die gemeenskap, verhoed<br />

egter effektiewe en regverdige bestuur van die geallokeerde<br />

water.<br />

Sedert die stigting van die Vereniging is verskeie<br />

inisiatiewe van stapel gestuur om die situasie in die EKB te<br />

probeer verbeter, soos die uitkoop van besproeiingsregte<br />

vir VBG projekte; geen addisionele water is in die stelsel<br />

beskikbaar nie – alle water regte is reeds opgeneem en<br />

is gelyk aan die voorsieningskapsiteit van die stelsel.<br />

LORWGV het egter ongeveer 0ha inlysting van reeds<br />

bestaande regte oorgekoop en ge-oormerk vir VBG<br />

projekte onderworpe aan die voorlegging van uitvoerbare<br />

besigheidsplanne.<br />

So ook is ’n balanseerdam in 003 aan die einde van<br />

die kanaalstelsel net bokant die EKB gebou om onder<br />

andere die aanbod van water na die EKB te bestuur. Die<br />

dam behoort aan die Departement van Waterwese en<br />

Bosbou en word deur die LORWGV bestuur. Dit stoor<br />

huishoudelike water vir plaaslike asook onbestuurbare<br />

water wat gebruik word om klein regstellings in die kanaal<br />

5<br />

Daar bestaan<br />

geen ‘surplus’<br />

water nie. Korrekte<br />

en tydige aanvra<br />

van geallokeerde<br />

water is van<br />

uiterste belang<br />

vir tydige<br />

watervoorsiening.<br />

§<br />

§<br />

te doen aangesien loslatings vanuit die<br />

Bulshoekdaam oor ’n afstand van 6<br />

§<br />

km vloei en drie dae neem om die VBG<br />

te bereik. Daar bestaan geen ‘surplus’<br />

water nie. Korrekte en tydige aanvra van<br />

geallokeerde water is van uiterste belang<br />

vir tydige watervoorsiening (die argument<br />

geld egter regdeur die stelsel).<br />

Die dam funksioneer dus slegs as<br />

balanseerdam en nie as stoorkapasiteit<br />

vir nagvloei nie – EKB sal dus soos die<br />

res van die stelsel op ’n 4 uur grondslag<br />

moet besproei.<br />

Indien die EKB die aanvraagstelsel<br />

soos in die res van die stelsel gebruik,<br />

behoort voorsiening nie meer ’n probleem<br />

te wees nie.<br />

Wat wel ’n uitdaging bied is die<br />

opgradering en instandhouding van die<br />

interne verspreidingstelsel binne die<br />

EKB. Verskeie opleidingsessies is sedert<br />

003 deur die LORWGV aangebied,<br />

maar daadwerklike positiewe uitwerkings<br />

sal eers ervaar word sodra die volgende<br />

in plek is:<br />

Die EKB sal by die aanvraagstelsel van<br />

die LORWGV moet inskakel indien daar<br />

sprake van effektiewe en regverdige<br />

water bestuur is. Laasgenoemde is<br />

noodsaaklik vanweë die kompleksiteit<br />

van die bestuur van kanaalstelsels. Dit<br />

sal beteken dat gemeenskappe die<br />

nodige insig sal toon rakende die belang<br />

van verteenwoordiging en deeglike<br />

beplanning, veral ten opsigte van korrekte<br />

gewaskeuses en grondgebruik-praktyke.<br />

As sulks moet die bepalende faktore van grondgebruik<br />

geïdentifiseer en prioretiseer word. Onderliggend hieraan<br />

is ’n bereidwilligheid om te leer en ’n opvoedingsproses<br />

wat etlike jare kan duur. Die Surplus People Project<br />

(SPP) toon potensiaal in díe verband.<br />

Die privatisering van die gemeenskapsgrond in die EKB<br />

sal verandwoordelike bestuur van skaars waterbronne<br />

bevorder. Daar sal ’n aanvanklike verwisseling van<br />

grond wees, aangesien etlike van die voornemende<br />

eienaars hul grond waarskynlik sal verkoop aangesien<br />

eenhede van tot 5ha nie as lewensvatbaar beskou<br />

word nie. Privaatbesit sal egter ’n dryfveer wees vir<br />

effektiewe waterbestuur, wat instandhouding van interne<br />

verspreidingstelsels en opgeskerpte waterbeheer insluit,<br />

moontlik deur aanstelling van ’n waterbeheerbeampte<br />

(soos in die res van die LORWGV) wat verantwoordelik<br />

is vir die bestuur en monitering van sluise en leibeurte.<br />

As sodanig sal die EKB as sub-distrik by die LORWGV<br />

kan inskakel en nie meer as ’n enkele watergebruiker<br />

staan nie. LORWGV kan slegs dan betrokke raak by<br />

interne verspreidingprobleme van die EKB.<br />

Voordat bogenoemde nie in plek is nie, is die kanse<br />

vir die suksesvolle akkommodering van die EKB binne<br />

die LORWGV uiters skraal en sal die kanalisering van<br />

verdere gesubsidieerde hulp deur LORWGV vanaf Staatsdepartemente<br />

nie ’n beduidende positiewe verskil aan die<br />

situasie teweeg bring nie.<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


Grond koolst<strong>of</strong><br />

mag nie geïgnoreer<br />

word nie!<br />

Die toediening van organiese materiaal aan<br />

landbougrond onder bewerking word eeue reeds as<br />

erkende praktyk beoefen. Die voordele verbonde<br />

aan hieraan is legio.<br />

Om egter die volle voordeel van organiese<br />

materiaaltoevoeging tot grond te benut moet ons bekend<br />

wees met sekere beginsels rondom organiese materiaal en<br />

grond. Die koolst<strong>of</strong>inhoud (ook bekend as C) van die grond<br />

gee ’n aanduiding van die hoeveelheid organiese materiaal<br />

wat met verloop van tyd tot die grond toegevoeg is. Hierdie<br />

grondkoolst<strong>of</strong>, wat as persentasie op ’n massabasis<br />

uitgedruk word, moet bestuur word om te verseker dat<br />

grondkoolst<strong>of</strong>vlakke konstant gehou, <strong>of</strong> waar moontlik,<br />

verhoog word.<br />

Grondkoolst<strong>of</strong> word grootliks aangevul deur wortels,<br />

gewasreste, verrottende plantmateriaal soos blare en<br />

takke asook mis en ander uitskeidings van diere en<br />

grondorganismes. Die koolst<strong>of</strong>inhoud van grond is<br />

gewoonlik die hoogste naby die grondoppervlak en neem<br />

met diepte af.<br />

Hierdie balans word gewoonlik versteur wanneer grond<br />

bewerk en die ontbinding van organiese materiaal versnel<br />

word.<br />

Ontbinding van organiese materiaal in aerobiese<br />

Figuur Die verkleuring<br />

(bruin) as gevolg van<br />

organiese materiaal en<br />

humus asook afname<br />

met diepte is duidelik<br />

sigbaar in pr<strong>of</strong>iel a en<br />

b terwyl verskille nie so<br />

duidelik waarneembaar<br />

by pr<strong>of</strong>iel c nie (foto’s:<br />

Soil classification<br />

working group).<br />

Dr Johan Labuschagne<br />

Instituut vir<br />

Plantproduksie<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

(suurst<strong>of</strong>ryke) gronde vind soos volg plaas. In die<br />

aanwesigheid van suurst<strong>of</strong> word koolst<strong>of</strong>verbindings<br />

(organiese materiaal) deur ’n proses bekend as<br />

ensiematiese oksidasie omgeskakel na koolst<strong>of</strong>dioksied,<br />

water en energie. Deur die grond dus te bewerk, byvoorbeeld<br />

skaarploegbewerking, word die suurst<strong>of</strong>inhoud van die<br />

grond verhoog wat die afbreek van organiese materiaal<br />

versnel. Indien organiese materiaal nie tydens <strong>of</strong> na<br />

bewerking toegevoeg word nie, sal die koolst<strong>of</strong>inhoud van<br />

die grond daal met negatiewe gevolge vir plantproduktiwiteit.<br />

Aangesien grond ’n geweldige groot hoeveelheid koolst<strong>of</strong><br />

bevat, ongeveer dubbel die hoeveelheid wat in die atmosfeer<br />

voorkom, kan geweldige hoeveelhede koolst<strong>of</strong>dioksied<br />

deur gereelde grondbewerking geproduseer en in die<br />

atmosfeer vrygelaat word. Hierdie verhoogde vrystelling<br />

van koolst<strong>of</strong>dioksied dra verder by tot ’n belangrike<br />

hedendaagse probleem, aardverwarming.<br />

Bestuur van grondkoolst<strong>of</strong> staan duidelik op twee bene.<br />

Eerstens organiese materiaaltoevoeging en tweedens,<br />

om die ontbindingsproses van die toegevoegde organiese<br />

materiaal te reguleer. Waar op baie klein skaal geboer word<br />

kan kompos, kraalmis ensovoorts ingewerk word, ’n metode<br />

wat nie prakties uitvoerbaar op groot oppervlaktes is nie.<br />

Verhoogde plantproduktiwiteit is ’n belangrike metode om<br />

grondkoolst<strong>of</strong> op groter oppervlaktes te verhoog. Verhoogde<br />

a b c<br />

6


a<br />

plantproduktiwiteit kan slegs verseker word deur op hoogte te<br />

bly van nuwe verbeterde boerderymetodes wat vir spesifieke<br />

toestande aanbeveel word soos beter aangepaste kultivars,<br />

verbeterde grondbewerkingstegnieke, bemestingsprogramme,<br />

wisselboustelsels, reënwaterbestuur en heelwat<br />

ander bestuursaspekte. Tweedens moet die tempo van<br />

afbreek van organiese materiaal gemanipuleer word deur<br />

beheer van die voorsiening van suurst<strong>of</strong>. Die tempo van<br />

ontbinding sal verlaag word deur verminderde bewerking<br />

en die laat van plantreste op die grondoppervlak, wat laer<br />

grondtemperature tot gevolg sal hê. Hierdie is egter ’n<br />

delikate proses wat met groot omsigtigheid bestuur moet<br />

word.<br />

Bestuurspraktyke en omgewingstoestande wat<br />

grondkoolst<strong>of</strong> sal verhoog, sal een <strong>of</strong> meer van die volgende<br />

aspekte insluit:<br />

§ Insluiting van verskillende gewasse in wisselboustelsels,<br />

veral meerjarige dekgewasse.<br />

§ Minimum <strong>of</strong> geen bewerking. Voortdurende bewerking<br />

van grond sonder toevoeging van organiese materiaal<br />

het dramatiese dalings in grondkoolst<strong>of</strong>vlakke tot gevolg.<br />

Verhoogde koolst<strong>of</strong>vlakke onder verminderde bewerking<br />

word toegeskryf aan ’n verlaging in die ontbindingstempo<br />

van organiese materiaal in die grond.<br />

§ Hoë temperature veroorsaak ’n toename in die<br />

ontbindingstempo van organiese materiaal; praktyke<br />

soos deklae in die somer kan die grondtemperatuur<br />

verlaag. Die laat van plantreste op die grondoppervlak<br />

veroorsaak ook ’n verlaging in die ontbindingstempo van<br />

organiese materiaal indien vergelyk met vlak ingewerkte<br />

plantreste.<br />

§ Vogtige grondtoestande stimuleer plantproduktiwiteit<br />

maar mikrobe-aktiwiteit is ook hoër met die gevolg dat<br />

ontbinding vinniger plaasvind en plantvoedingstowwe<br />

vinniger vrygestel word. Akkumulasie van grondkoolst<strong>of</strong><br />

7<br />

vind gewoonlik plaas ho<strong>of</strong>saaklik as gevolg van die hoë<br />

plantproduktiwiteit wat gehandhaaf word.<br />

Swak dreinering het swak deurlugting tot gevolg wat die<br />

ontbindingsproses vertraag en intermediêre produkte<br />

laat ophoop. Die hoër organiese materiaalinhoud<br />

wat dit tot gevolg het, dra egter nie by tot verbeterde<br />

plantproduktiwiteit nie aangesien die gebrek aan<br />

gaswisseling in die wortelsone beperk word. Vermy <strong>of</strong><br />

dreineer hierdie gronde.<br />

Ongunstige grondchemiese toestande verlaag<br />

droëmateriaalproduksie, mikrobe-aktiwiteit en daarmee<br />

saam die hoeveelheid organiese materiaal toegevoeg.<br />

Verseker optimale droëmateriaalproduksie deur pH<br />

en plantvoedingselement-vlakke binne voorgeskrewe<br />

norme te hou.<br />

Hoe wyer die C:N (Koolst<strong>of</strong>:Stikst<strong>of</strong>) verhouding van<br />

organiese materiaal, dws hoe meer C in verhouding<br />

tot N, hoe stadiger sal mineralisasie (die vrystelling<br />

van plantbeskikbare N) wees. Volwasse plante se C:N<br />

verhouding is hoër, rog ingewerk tydens antese (37: ) sal<br />

stadiger ontbind as diè in die vegetatiewe stadia ( 6: ).<br />

Die voordeel van organiese materiaal toevoegings sal<br />

dus langer duur as volwasse plante ingewerk word.<br />

Grond C:N vlakke stabiliseer gewoonlik in verhoudings<br />

van tussen 0 en 5: .<br />

Die grond, plant en waterlaboratorium te Elsenburg kan<br />

die organiese grondkoolst<strong>of</strong>waardes van grond akkuraat<br />

bepaal. Deur hierdie koolst<strong>of</strong>ontledings oor jare te monitor,<br />

kan neigings in grondkoolst<strong>of</strong>vlakke maklik waargeneem<br />

word en kan bestuursmaatreëls in plek gestel word om<br />

grondkoolst<strong>of</strong> op aanvaarbare vlakke te handhaaf.<br />

Vir meer besonderhede kontak Dr. Johan Labuschagne<br />

0 808 5 09 <strong>of</strong> e-pos johanl@elsenburg.com.<br />

Wes-Kaapse Minister van Landbou slaag<br />

toets oor kennis en dienslewering<br />

ALIE VAN JAARSVELD<br />

Politici word dikwels daarvan beskuldig dat hulle nie kennis dra van wat in hulle Departemente<br />

aangaan nie en nog minder daarin slaag om toe te sien dat die Departemente waarvoor hulle<br />

verantwoordelik is, die nodige dienste lewer aan die publiek nie, en ook nie daarin slaag om die<br />

geld in hulle Departementele begroting behoorlik te spandeer nie.<br />

Dit kan egter nie voor die deur van Cobus Dowry, Wes-Kaapse Minister van Landbou gelê word<br />

nie. In ’n onlangse opname wat deur Farmer’s Weekly onder boereverenigings en Landbou<br />

organisasies gedoen is, het Minister Dowry (saam met sy Noordkaapse kollega) kop en skouers<br />

bo sy eweknieë in die ander provinsies uitgetroon. Dowry het ’n bo- gemiddelde waardering vir<br />

toegewydheid aan Landbou, kennis van sy portefeulje en dienslewering ontvang.<br />

In die opname wou Farmer’s Weekly weet hoe die onderskeie leiers van die organisasies die<br />

rol van die Landbou LUR definieer en wat die maatstawwe is waarvolgens die meting moet<br />

plaasvind. Hieruit is ’n lys van twaalf vrae opgestel waarop die respondente ’n punt uit tien moes<br />

toeken vir elke kategorie.<br />

Minister Dowry het uiteindelik ’n punt van 7, 5 uit tien behaal,terwyl die meeste ander kollegas<br />

minder as 5 gekry het (sommige so laag soos 3,5 uit tien).<br />

Minister Dowry staan dus tweede in die klas, met net Tina Joemat-Pettersen wat beter as hy<br />

gevaar het en hom met haar punt van 7,75 geklop het vir die eerste plek. Minister Dowry is<br />

baie trots op die prestasie, maar sê onmiddelik dat hy die politieke leier van ’n baie knap span<br />

toegewyde amptenatre is wat saam met hom ’n hegte span vorm. Hierdie span werk daagliks<br />

met ywer daaraan om te sorg dat Landbou sy volle bydrae lewer ten einde die Wes-Kaap n tuiste<br />

te maak vir almal.<br />

§<br />

§<br />

§<br />

Die rapport wat Minister<br />

Dowry huis toe bring lyk<br />

as volg:<br />

Kennis van Provinsie: 7<br />

Bestuur van begroting:<br />

0<br />

Verkryging van resultate:<br />

7<br />

Kommunikasie: 9<br />

Beveg korrupsie: 7<br />

Behoud van<br />

vaardighede: 4<br />

Vinger op die pols: 7<br />

Bydrae tot BBP: 8<br />

Hou Landbou uit die<br />

politiek: 6<br />

Ondersteuning aan<br />

nuwe toetreders: 6<br />

Interdepartementele<br />

skakeling: 8<br />

Aksie op rampe: 8<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


New Scientists appointed at Institute for<br />

ILSE TRAUTMANN<br />

Young Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Programme yields<br />

molecular scientists<br />

Two former YPP (Young Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Programme) students<br />

from the Institute for Animal Production have been appointed<br />

as molecular scientists from February 006.<br />

Fatima Essa has just completed her M.Sc in Genetics at<br />

the University <strong>of</strong> Kwazulu-Natal, after obtaining<br />

her B.Sc and B.Sc Hons (both cum laude) at<br />

the same university. This brilliant<br />

student has received various<br />

accolades during her career,<br />

including the<br />

Fatima Essa, Ms Joyene Isaacs (acting Head <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Department</strong>) and Pavarni Naidoo.<br />

Training<br />

the<br />

trainers<br />

towards<br />

BEE<br />

LYNETTE VAN DER HOVEN<br />

Four Elsenburg <strong>Cape</strong> Institute for Agricultural Training<br />

(CIAT) lecturers have undergone further training in<br />

entrepreneurship and through them emerging fresh-produce<br />

growers in the <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong> will be better able to manage<br />

and produce on the road towards commercial farming and<br />

economic empowerment.<br />

Nico de Kock and Mfusi Mjonono (Agricultural<br />

Management), and Bernadette Abrahams and Henry<br />

Cook (Vegetable Production), attended a course in<br />

entrepreneurship in 005 presented at Elsenburg. The<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

NRF Master’s Scholarship, NRF Scarce Skills Scholarship<br />

and the University Graduate Achievement Award in 003.<br />

Fatima’s research focuses on the genetics <strong>of</strong> ostriches, with<br />

the title <strong>of</strong> her M.Sc “Kinship analysis <strong>of</strong> ostriches – setting<br />

up a diagnostic tool for the fingerprinting <strong>of</strong> ostriches in<br />

order to ascertain pedigrees for effective breeding”.<br />

Pavarni Naidoo, another gifted student from the YPP<br />

programme, is finishing the final stages <strong>of</strong> her M.Sc in<br />

Genetics, also at the University <strong>of</strong> Kwazulu-Natal. She<br />

also completed her B.Sc and B.Sc. Hons (cum laude) at<br />

this university and then joined the YPP programme <strong>of</strong> the<br />

department. Accolades awarded to her include the Reach<br />

Africa Cash Prize in 004 as the most outstanding participant<br />

<strong>of</strong> the YPP programme, NRF Master’s Scholarship, NRF<br />

Scarce Skills Scholarship, University <strong>of</strong> Natal Special<br />

Honours Award, and the Van Schaik Medal for the most<br />

outstanding Genetics Honours student in 00 , to name<br />

but a few. Pavarni’s research focuses on sheep, with the<br />

title <strong>of</strong> her M.Sc “Molecular genetic study <strong>of</strong> South African<br />

merino sheep divergently selected for multiple rearing<br />

ability for the detection <strong>of</strong> putative quantitative trait loci<br />

for reproduction and fitness”.<br />

Both Pavarni and Fatima have been instrumental in<br />

the establishment <strong>of</strong> the DNA and PCR laboratories <strong>of</strong><br />

the Institute for Animal Production.<br />

Organic Farms Group (OFG), in co-operation<br />

with Dr Oosie Marincowitz, CIAT’s Deputy<br />

Director: Higher Education identified the need<br />

to ‘train the trainers’ in entrepreneurial skills for<br />

the benefit <strong>of</strong> the vegetable-growing and other<br />

agrisectors.<br />

Explains Nigel Rudling, Organic Farms<br />

Group project manager in the <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Cape</strong>,<br />

“In serving emerging commercial growers,<br />

agricultural extension <strong>of</strong>ficers and trainers need<br />

to be equipped to go beyond the practicalities<br />

<strong>of</strong> simply teaching growers how to grow. They<br />

need to be trained to guide them in making the<br />

most productive use <strong>of</strong> the land and maximising<br />

their income.”<br />

The AgriPlanner entrepreneurship course<br />

involves the introduction <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

agricultural methods using training, mentoring<br />

and marketing programmes for emerging<br />

growers to supply fresh produce to markets<br />

and other outlets.<br />

The AgriPlanner entrepreneurial course was<br />

designed by the SA Institute for Entrepreneurs<br />

(SAIE) and is a community-based training<br />

programme intended for organisations and<br />

institutions promoting sustainable livelihoods<br />

and food growing. The programme adds to<br />

the impact <strong>of</strong> existing projects by providing<br />

agricultural planning and entrepreneurial skills<br />

training, which in turn facilitates the economic<br />

growth <strong>of</strong> community food-growing programmes<br />

from a source <strong>of</strong> food security to a source <strong>of</strong><br />

wealth and economic empowerment.<br />

The programme is a comprehensive<br />

“In s<br />

emer<br />

comm<br />

grow<br />

agricu<br />

extension<br />

and train<br />

to be eq<br />

to go bey<br />

practica<br />

simply t<br />

growers<br />

grow. Th<br />

to be tra<br />

guide t<br />

making t<br />

product<br />

<strong>of</strong> the la<br />

maximis<br />

incom<br />

8


Animal Production<br />

Aquaculture focus<br />

Refiloe Thobejane joined the research team <strong>of</strong> the Institute<br />

for Animal Production recently and will give further<br />

impetus to the important programme <strong>of</strong> Aquaculture <strong>of</strong> the<br />

<strong>Department</strong>.<br />

Refiloe was born in Polokwane, Limpopo Province, and<br />

obtained her BSc degree in 00 , majoring in Biochemistry<br />

and Physiology. This was followed by a Hons. B.Sc degree<br />

in 003, majoring in aquaculture at the University <strong>of</strong><br />

Limpopo. She recently completed her M.Sc in<br />

Aquaculture. Refiloe has done research<br />

on tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)<br />

and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)<br />

during her studies at the Aquaculture<br />

Research Unit, University <strong>of</strong> Limpopo.<br />

She is an expert in feed management<br />

and breeding <strong>of</strong> tilapia (Oreochromis<br />

mossambicus) and African Catfish<br />

(Clarias gariepinus).<br />

When asked why she has<br />

chosen aquaculture as a<br />

study field, she responded<br />

“Life in water is my<br />

passion, that is why I love<br />

aquaculture”.<br />

erving<br />

ging<br />

ercial<br />

ers,<br />

ltural<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers<br />

ers need<br />

uipped<br />

ond the<br />

lities <strong>of</strong><br />

eaching<br />

how to<br />

ey need<br />

ined to<br />

hem in<br />

he most<br />

ive use<br />

nd and<br />

ing their<br />

e.”<br />

9<br />

business development and entrepreneurship<br />

training module, using a “discovery learning”<br />

methodology.<br />

Says Nigel: “The beauty <strong>of</strong> this course is that<br />

it is interactive and relies on the enthusiasm <strong>of</strong><br />

the participants to generate the crucial learning<br />

emphasis that is required without boring notes<br />

or lectures. This ‘game’ is right at the forefront<br />

<strong>of</strong> effective interactive adult learning points.”<br />

He explains that the game addresses a<br />

simulation learning experience - participants<br />

compete with one another to try and be the<br />

best possible grower on the market floor. The<br />

competing teams simulate market forces and<br />

have to work with variable scenarios. Market<br />

contracts and prices, and keeping monthly<br />

record sheets are only two <strong>of</strong> the tools<br />

involved.<br />

“Training <strong>of</strong> emerging farmers alone<br />

will not yield a sustainable economic<br />

outcome. Of critical importance is<br />

a sustained pr<strong>of</strong>essional-farming<br />

learning pro-gramme, involving<br />

ongoing relationship, continued<br />

guidance, mentoring and marketing<br />

programmes and opportunities,”<br />

says Rudling.<br />

The Organic Farms Group can<br />

be contacted at 086 00 53 or<br />

08 65 .<br />

Leerlingskap<br />

sertifikaatplegtigheid<br />

- George -<br />

JACKIE BEERWINKEL<br />

In ’n vorige Probe is berig dat die Kaapse Instituut vir<br />

Landbou-Opleiding: Elsenburg ’n leerlingskapkursus in<br />

George by die kampus aldaar aanbied.<br />

Ons is trots om aan te kondig dat al die leerders wat<br />

ingeskryf was vir die Nasionale Sertifikaat in Plantproduksie:<br />

Groenteproduksie hul kursus suksesvol voltooi het.<br />

Die sertifikate is tydens ’n glansryke geleentheid by die<br />

opleidingsentrum op Outeniqua proefplaas op Februarie<br />

006 oorhandig.<br />

Danksy Mnr Bennie Niemand van VegCo, wat 4<br />

werklose dames sedert Februarie 005 in diens geneem<br />

het, kon ons hulle aan al die fasette van groenteboerdery<br />

gedurende hierdie leerlingskapprogram blootstel.<br />

Die kursus het op 9 November 005 ten einde geloop<br />

en op Maandag, 4 November 005 is van die studente<br />

in permanente betrekkings aangestel.<br />

Met die hulp van Mnr Ricardo Kleynhans, is 7 van die<br />

studente besig met onderhandelinge vir ’n lappie grond om<br />

hul eie groenteprojek te begin.<br />

Die kursus fokus nie net op die teorie nie, maar het<br />

ook ’n deeglike praktiese inslag in alle fassette van<br />

Plantproduksie in die verskillende produksierigtings.<br />

Volgens Mnr Marius Paulse, Ho<strong>of</strong>direkteur:<br />

Gestruktureerde Opleiding by die Departement, is daar<br />

’n enorme behoefte vir die gestruktureerde opleiding van<br />

jong mense in die landelike gebiede en Elsenburg is trots<br />

daarop om deel te wees van die ontwikkeling en skep van<br />

geleenthede vir die jeug en vroue op plase.<br />

Agter vlnr: Mercia Claassen, Sharon Sarelse, Maria Voster,<br />

Rachel Kemp, Roselina Stefaans, Elizabeth Samuels,<br />

Whilmien Booysen, Hester Baardman, Elmarie Scheepers,<br />

Rosemary Goldman, Jolene Fluks<br />

Voor vlnr: Siena Morris, Jennifer Lukas, Mellissa<br />

Claassen<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong>


www.elsenburg.com<br />

<strong>AgriPROBE</strong> <strong>March</strong> <strong>2006</strong><br />

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