ColdFusion Developer's Guide - Electromanuals.org

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Ofrecido por www.electromanuales.com ADOBE COLDFUSION 8 ColdFusion Developer’s Guide User-defined functions let you encapsulate logic and operations that you use frequently in a single unit. This way, you can write the code once and use it multiple times. UDFs ensure consistency of coding and enable you to structure your CFML more efficiently. Typical user-defined functions include mathematical routines, such as a function to calculate the logarithm of a number; string manipulation routines, such as a function to convert a numeric monetary value to a string such as “two dollars and three cents”; and can even include encryption and decryption routines. Note: The Common Function Library Project at www.cflib.org includes a number of free libraries of user-defined functions. For more information on user-defined functions, see “Writing and Calling User-Defined Functions” on page 134. ColdFusion components ColdFusion components encapsulate multiple, related, functions. A ColdFusion component is essentially a set of related user-defined functions and variables, with additional functionality to provide and control access to the component contents. ColdFusion components can make their data private, so that it is available to all functions (also called methods) in the component, but not to any application that uses the component. ColdFusion components have the following features: • They are designed to provide related services in a single unit. • They can provide web services and make them available over the Internet. • They can provide ColdFusion services that Flash clients can call directly. • They have several features that are familiar to object-oriented programmers, including data hiding, inheritance, packages, and introspection. For more information on ColdFusion components, see “Building and Using ColdFusion Components” on page 158. Constants The value of a constant does not change during program execution. Constants are simple scalar values that you can use within expressions and functions, such as “Robert Trent Jones” and 123.45. Constants can be integers, real numbers, time and date values, Boolean values, or text strings. ColdFusion does not allow you to give names to constants. Variables Variables are the most frequently used operands in ColdFusion expressions. Variable values can be set and reset, and can be passed as attributes to CFML tags. Variables can be passed as parameters to functions, and can replace most constants. ColdFusion has a number of built-in variables that provide information about the server and are returned by ColdFusion tags. For a list of the ColdFusion built-in variables, see “Reserved Words and Variables” on page 2 in the CFML Reference. 15
Ofrecido por www.electromanuales.com The following two characteristics classify a variable: ADOBE COLDFUSION 8 ColdFusion Developer’s Guide • The scope of the variable, which indicates where the information is available and how long the variable persists • The data type of the variable’s value, which indicates the kind of information a variable represents, such as number, string, or date The following section lists and briefly describes the variable scopes. “Data types” on page 17 lists data types (which also apply to constant values). For detailed information on ColdFusion variables, including data types, scopes, and their use, see “Using ColdFusion Variables” on page 24. Variable scopes The following table describes ColdFusion variable scopes: Scope Description Variables (local) The default scope for variables of any type that are created with the cfset and cfparam tags. A local variable is available only on the page on which it is created and any included pages. Form The variables passed from a form page to its action page as the result of submitting the form. URL The parameters passed to the current page in the URL that is used to call it. Attributes The values passed by a calling page to a custom tag in the custom tag’s attributes. Used only in custom tag pages. Caller A reference, available in a custom tag, to the Variables scope of the page that calls the tag. Used only in custom tag pages. ThisTag Variables that are specific to a custom tag, including built-in variables that provide information about the tag. Used only in custom tag pages. A nested custom tag can use the cfassociate tag to return values to the calling tag’s ThisTag scope. Request Variables that are available to all pages, including custom tags and nested custom tags, that are processed in response to an HTTP request. Used to hold data that must be available for the duration of one HTTP request. CGI Environment variables identifying the context in which a page was requested. The variables available depend on the browser and server software. Cookie Variables maintained in a user’s browser as cookies. Client Variables that are associated with one client. Client variables let you maintain state as a user moves from page to page in an application and are available across browser sessions. Session Variables that are associated with one client and persist only as long as the client maintains a session. Application Variables that are associated with one, named, application on a server. The Application.cfc initialization code or the cfapplication tag name attribute specifies the application name. Server Variables that are associated with the current ColdFusion server. This scope lets you define variables that are available to all your ColdFusion pages, across multiple applications. Flash Variables sent by an Adobe Flash movie to ColdFusion and returned by ColdFusion to the movie. Arguments Variables passed in a call to a user-defined function or ColdFusion component method. This Variables that are declared inside a ColdFusion component or in a cffunction tag that is not part of a ColdFusion component. function local Variables that are declared in a user-defined function and exist only while the function executes. 16
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