Commentary on Joshua - Keil & Delitzsch - David Cox
Commentary on Joshua - Keil & Delitzsch - David Cox Commentary on Joshua - Keil & Delitzsch - David Cox
Keil and Delitzsch
Keil and Delitzsch
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<strong>Keil</strong> and <strong>Delitzsch</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Commentary</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> the Old Testament<br />
<br />
No traces have ever been discovered of Bethaven. According to Josh 18:12-13, the<br />
northern boundary of the tribe of Benjamin, which ran up from Jericho to the<br />
mountains <strong>on</strong> the west, passed <strong>on</strong> to the desert of Bethaven, and so <strong>on</strong>wards to Luz<br />
(Bethel). If we compare with this the statement in 1 Sam 13:5, that the Philistines<br />
who came against Israel encamped at Michmash before (in fr<strong>on</strong>t of) Bethaven,<br />
according to which Bethaven was <strong>on</strong> the east or north-east of Michmash (Mukhmas),<br />
the desert of Bethaven may very possibly have been nothing more than the table-land<br />
which lies between the Wady Mutyah <strong>on</strong> the north and the Wadys Fuwar and<br />
Suweinit (in Robins<strong>on</strong>'s map), or Wady Tuwâr (<strong>on</strong> Van de Velde's map), and<br />
stretches in a westerly directi<strong>on</strong> from the rocky mountain Juruntel to Abu Sebah<br />
(Subbah). Bethaven would then lie to the south or south-east of Abu Sebah. In that<br />
case, however, Ai ( Sept. Gai or Aggai , Gen 12:8) would neither be found in the<br />
inc<strong>on</strong>siderable ruins to the south of the village of Deir Diwan, as Robins<strong>on</strong> supposes<br />
(Pal. ii. pp. 312ff.), nor <strong>on</strong> the site of the present Tell el Hajar, i.e., st<strong>on</strong>e hill, threequarters<br />
of an hour to the S.E. of Beitin, <strong>on</strong> the southern side of the deep and<br />
precipitous Wady Mutyah, as Van de Velde imagines; but in the ruins of Medinet<br />
Chai or Gai , which Krafft<br />
(Note: Topograph. v. Jerusalem, p. ix.) and Strauss<br />
(Note: Sinai u. Golgoth. pp. 326-7.) discovered <strong>on</strong> the flat surface of a mountain that slopes off towards<br />
the east, about forty minutes <strong>on</strong> the eastern side of Geba (Jeba), where "there are c<strong>on</strong>siderable ruins<br />
surrounded by a circular wall, whilst the place is defended <strong>on</strong> the south by the valley of Farah, and <strong>on</strong> the<br />
north by the valley of Es Suweinit, with steep shelving walls of rock" ( Strauss: vid., C. Ritter Erdk. xvi.<br />
pp. 526-7). On the advice of the men who were sent out to explore the land, and who described the<br />
populati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> their return as small ( "they are but few" ), <strong>Joshua</strong> did not send the whole of the fighting<br />
men against Ai , but <strong>on</strong>ly about 3000 men. As there were not more than 12,000 inhabitants (Josh 8:25),<br />
there could hardly have been 3000 fighting men, who might easily have been beaten by 3000 Israelitish<br />
warriors. But when the Israelites attacked the town they fled before its inhabitants, who slew about thirtysix<br />
men, and pursued them before the gate, i.e., outside the town, to the st<strong>on</strong>e quarries, and smote them <strong>on</strong><br />
the sloping ground. The Shebarim , from sheber , a breach or fracture, were probably st<strong>on</strong>e quarries near<br />
the slope <strong>on</strong> the east of the town. Nothing more can be decided, as the country has not been thoroughly<br />
explored by travellers. On account of this repulse the people lost all their courage. "The hearts of the<br />
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