15/08/08 Aanwinstenlijst Stichting ICODO - Cogis

AANWINSTENLIJST BIBLIOTHEEK & DOCUMENTATIE van Cogis en het
Veteraneninstituut
ACQUISITION LIST LIBRARY & DOCUMENTATION of Cogis and the Veteran Institute
achtentwintigste jaargang (2008) 2, oktober
twenty eight edition (2008) 2, october
De opgenomen boeken en tijdschriftartikelen zijn in de regel ter inzage in de bibliotheek van de
Stichting Cogis of het Veteraneninstituut.
Deze Aanwinstenlijst is ingedeeld in verschillende categorieën (zie inhoudsopgave op pagina
2). Publicaties over oorlogsgetroffenen ook in de medische sfeer uit de Tweede Wereldoorlog
zijn veelal te vinden onder oorlogscategorieën
De boeken worden alleen binnen Nederland uitgeleend, het toesturen van boeken via de post
kost €6,- per boek, inclusief porto. Van de tijdschriftartikelen worden voor €0,50 per pagina, met
een minimumbedrag van €4,- per artikel, kopieën verstrekt.
The books and articles in this ACQUISITION LIST are all freely available for consultation in the
library.
The books are not lent out to persons or institutes outside of the Netherlands. Articles are being
photocopied and sent to you at €0,50 per page, at a minimum of €4,- per article.
1

INHOUDSOPGAVE
Algemene informatie / General information ................................................................... 3
Historische informatie / recht / educatie / Hstorical information - law......................... 5
Oorlogsgetroffenen, alle categorieen Europa, joods, burgers, verzet, kampverhalen /
Victims of war ................................................................................................................. 11
(Voormalig) Nederlands-Indie / Former Dutch East Indies ......................................... 17
Vluchtelingen, hedendaagse oorlogen, transculturele psychiatrie / Refugees -
contemporary wars ........................................................................................................ 20
Psycho-sociale problematiek en de hulpverlening / Psychosocial issues -
consequences................................................................................................................. 26
Traumatische ervaringen / Traumatic experiences ..................................................... 33
PTSD / general PTSD...................................................................................................... 42
Behandeling / Treatment................................................................................................ 46
Kinderen / Children ........................................................................................................ 49
Ouderen / Elderly............................................................................................................ 52
Rampen - ongelukken / Disasters - accidents.............................................................. 53
(Seksueel) geweld / (Sexual) violence .......................................................................... 53
Veteranen / Veterans ...................................................................................................... 54
Tweede generatie / Second generation ...................................................................... 148
2

Algemene informatie / General information
Broek, Aart G.
Geweld wil schaamte lozen : religie en etniciteit zijn niet op voorhand de grote
boosdoeners / Aart G. Broek
In: Groepen = = ISSN 1871-1146: (2007), issue 2, page 56-67.
Geweld
Etniciteit
Schaamte
Migranten
Dunk, H.W. von der
In het huis van de herinnering : een cultuurhistorische verkenning / H.W. von der Dunk. -
Amsterdam : Bakker, 2007. - 422 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. - (Monografieën over Europese cultuur ;
dl. 12)
Met lit. opg., reg.
ISBN 978-90-351-3058-6
CONTENTS
Cultuurhistorische studie over de functie van de herinnering in de samenleving en in de
beleving van wat mensen meemaken, met speciale aandacht voor de rol van de
geschiedschrijving.
Geheugen
Collectief geheugen
Geschiedenis
Cultuur
Mensbeelden
Mythevorming
Oorlogen twintigste eeuw
Herinneringen
Holocaust
Beeldvorming
s5 DUN
Groen, J.M.H.
De onlosmakelijke band tussen professionaliteit en ethiek / J.M.H. Groen
In: Militaire Spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 177 (2008), issue 6, page 349-360.
Militairen
Beroepsethiek
Hoe ontwikkel je (militaire) professionaliteit? Professionaliteit moet garant staan voor
deskundigheid en morele verantwoordelijkheid. Ze is geworteld in de eigen
bestaansethiek. De eigen waarden, normen en belangen zijn altijd aanwezig en spelen
een rol in de keuzes die iemand maakt. Het is dan ook belangrijk dat militairen leren
reflecteren en zich bewust worden van hun eigen bestaansethiek.
KOC
3

Heijmans, Rianne
Angst voor de toekomst bezweren : kunstenaar Ophuis schildert wat hij ondraaglijk vindt /
Rianne Heijmans
In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 4 (2008), issue 1, page 28-31.
Kunst
Oorlogen
Geweld
Kunstenaar Ronald Ophuis schildert 'het ondraaglijke', hij wil het kwaad begrijpen om zo
de angst daarvoor te bezweren. Redacteur Rianne Heijmans karakteriseert hem als 'een
Orpheus die afdaalt in de onderwereld waar hij bang voor is, maar die hij tegelijkertijd ook
wil verkennen en begrijpen.' De situaties en voorstellingen in zijn werk roepen vaak
weerzin en zelfs agressie op. Ophuis wil mensen raken met zijn werk, maar 'de toon moet
goed zijn: een stok is een stok, geen bijl.'
Houtert, R.J.J. van
Friendly fire: overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen militaire netwerken en
ziekenhuisorganisaties / R.J.J. van Houtert, P.C. Boer en B.J. Vos
In: Militaire Spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 177 (2008), issue 5, page 295-309.
Friendly fire
Krijgsmacht
Gezondheidszorg
De moderne krijgsmacht en de gezondheidszorg kennen veelal netwerken van
organisaties en mensen die in netwerken samenwerken. Krijgsmacht en gezondheidszorg
investeren veel tijd, energie en geld om onbedoelde dood en letsel aan eigen kant
(friendly fire) zoveel mogelijk te beperken. Anderzijds worden zij daarin vaak belemmerd
door hun gekozen organsiatievorm, die vaak een aantal vervelende 'bijwerkingen' kent die
juist averechts werken. De systeemtheoretische veiligheidsanalyse van complexe
organisaties maakt het mogelijk te kijken naar problemen die voortvloeien uit
organisatorische factoren rond een netwerkorganisatie. De communicaties en
informatieoverdracht tussen organisatie-elementen staan daarbij centraal. Aan de orde
komt wat krijgsmacht en gezondheidszorg doen om friendly fire-incidenten hanteerbaar te
houden en hoe beide organisaties wellicht van elkaar kunnen leren bij het oplossen van
problemen.
KOC
Waal, Frans B. de
Evolutionaire ethiek, agressie en geweld : lessen van primatenonderzoek / Frans B. de
Waal, vert. door Maydo van Marwijk Kooy
In: Groepen = ISSN 1871-1146: (2007), issue 2, page 42-51.
Geweld
Apen
Agressie
Gedrag
Onderzoek
Biologie
Westen, Hans van der
Praktijkboek sponsoring en fondsenwerving voor non-profit organisaties : oriëntatie,
stappenplan, werving : zorg & welzijn, onderwijs & wetenschap, kunst & cultuur, natuur &
4

milieu, sport & recreatie / Hans van der Westen. - [2e herz. ed.]. - Zutphen : Walburg Pers,
cop. 2006. - 256 p. : ill. ; 24 cm
Uitg. onder verantwoordelijkheid van het Instituut voor Sponsoring en Fondsenwerving. -
1e dr.: 2003. - Met lit. opg.
ISBN 90-5730-351-5
Sponsoring
Fondsenwerving
Non-profit organisaties
Praktijkboek
s0.4 WES
Historische informatie / recht / educatie / Historical information
- law
Banning, Cees
Balkan aan de Noordzee : over het Joegoslavië-tribunaal, over recht en onrecht / Cees
Banning en Petra de Koning. - Amsterdam : Prometheus ; Rotterdam : NRC Handelsblad,
2005. - 303 p. : krt. ; 22 cm
Met reg. - Bibliogr.: p. 292-295.
ISBN 90-446-0498-8
Internationaal strafrecht
Oorlogsmisdaden
Balkanoorlogen (1991-1999)
Joegoslavië-tribunaal
s5.5 BAN
Biezeveld, Cees
"Concentratiekampen in Nederland nu": Kamp Amersfoort / Cees Biezeveld
In: Kontakt door Aantreden / Nationale Federatieve Raad van het Voormalig Verzet
Nederland en Nederlandse Vereniging van Ex-Politieke Gevangenen = ISSN 0166-5537:
vol. 63 (2008), issue 6-7 (juni-juli), page 12-13.
Deel 1 van de drieluik "Concentratiekampen nu".
Concentratiekampen
Kamp Amersfoort
Herinneringscentra
Geschiedenis
De kampen Amersfoort, Vught en Westerbork waren synoniem aan appèls, koude,
honger, ziekte, vernedering, angst, dood.... Nu, zestig jaar na de oorlog, bestaan de
kampen nog. Echter nu als Nationaal Monument en met geheel andere doelstellingen dan
indertijd. De Expogé-redactie heeft de directeuren van deze Monumenten gevraagd iets te
vertellen over de geschiedenis, de doelstellingen en de resultaten. Dit artikel gaat over
Kamp Amersfoort.
Bos, Menno
'Heel Belgenland leek richting de grens te strompelen' / Menno Bos
In: Historisch Nieuwsblad = ISSN 0927-2690: (2007), issue 9 (november), page 16-24.
Eerste Wereldoorlog
België
Nederland
5

Vluchtelingen
Internering
Geschiedenis
In het najaar van 1914 stroomden 1 miljoen Belgische vluchtelingen Nederland binnen. De
Nederlanders zetten zich massaal in voor de ontheemde Belgen. Door voedselschaarste
en cultuurverschillen nam het enthousiasme in de loop van de oorlog behoorlijk af. Met
'zachte drang' probeerde men de Belgen over te halen weer naar huis te gaan; daaronder
viel ook de internering in kampen.
Eefting, Henk
De Bijzondere Rechtspleging 1944-1952 : rampzalige gevolgen voor politieke
delinquenten en collaborateurs / Henk Eefting. - Soesterberg : Aspekt, 2007. - 453 p. : ill. ;
22 cm. - (Aspekt monografie)
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 90-5911-528-7
ISBN 978-90-5911-528-6
CONTENTS
Kritisch historisch relaas over de berechting na de Tweede Wereldoorlog van NSB'ers en
Nederlandse SS'ers.
Oorlogsmisdrijven
Strafrecht
Collaboratie
SS-ers
NSB
Kinderen van foute ouders
s5.2 EEF
Graaff, Bob de
Op de klippen of door de vaargeul? : de omgang van de historicus met (genocidaal)
slachtofferschap / Bob de Graaff. - Amsterdam : Humanistics University Press, cop. 2006.
- 109 p. ; 21 cm
Uitgebereide tekst van inaugurele rede Universiteit Utrecht. - Met lit. opg.
ISBN 90-6665-759-6
Slachtofferschap
Genocide
Herinnering
Collectieve herinnering
Geschiedschrijving
Oratie
Aan de hand van de holocaust schetst de auteur de spanningen die kunnen bestaan
tussen de herinnering van de slachtoffers en geschiedschrijving. De Graaff doet een
aantal aanbevelingen die vorm kunnen geven aan de zorgplicht van historici ten opzichte
van overledenen en moeten voorkomen dat zij ertoe bijdragen dat collectieve
traumatische gebeurtenissen een mythisch karakter krijgen en de opstap tot nieuw geweld
vormen.
s0.5 GRA
Hein, David P.
Een oorlog die de mijne zou zijn : een geschiedenis van twee generaties / David P. Hein. -
Amsterdam [etc.] : Contact, 2008. - 237 p. ; 21 cm
6

ISBN 978-90-254-2719-1
CONTENTS
Verslag van de ervaringen van een Nederlandse medewerker bij het oorlogstribunaal in
Sarajevo.
Onderduiken
Rechtspraak
Oorlogsmisdaden
Eerste/tweede generatie
Postconflictgebieden
Sarajevo
Dagboeken
Egodocumenten
s5.5 HEI
Janovicek, N.
Oral history and ethical practice: towards effective policies and procedures / N. Janovicek
In: Journal of Academic Ethics = ISSN 1570-1727: vol. 4 (2006), issue 1-4, page 157-174.
Oral history
Beroepsethiek
Aborigionals
This article examines how Canadian ethics policies affects historians who use oral history,
and focuses on privacy and confidentiality, free and informed consent, and research
involving Aboriginal peoples. The article concludes with recommendations for developing
ethics policies that accord with historical methodology.
KOC
Janssens, R.J.A.
Op weg naar het Ruhrgebied (The Ruhr) is bij de (Nederlandse) Roer hevig gevochten :
een trilogie / R.J.A. Janssens. - 3e herz. dr. - Den Haag : Stichting voor Sociaal
Psychoanalytisch Onderzoek en Onderwijs, 2007. - 60 p. : ill., krt. ; 21 cm
1e dr.: 2006. - Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-812092-1-2
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Bevrijding
Roer (rivier)
Geschiedenis
s4 JAN
KOC
Kreuning, Karel
Sinti & Roma, gevangen in de schaduw van herinneringen (deel1)/ Karel Kreuning
In: Informatiebulletin Stichting Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort = ISSN 1574-2075:
(2008), issue 24 (januari), page 15-29.
Zigeuners
Sinti & Roma
Kamp Amersfoort
Geschiedenis
Oral history
Europa
7

Korte geschiedschrijving over de Sinti & Roma die o.a. door eeuwenlange discriminatie en
stigmatisering, een eigen sterk naar binnen gerichte cultuur hebben waar veel belang
wordt gehecht aan groeps- en familiebanden. Ook aandacht voor de vervolging van Sinti
& Roma tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog.
Kreuning, Karel
Sinti & Roma, gevangen in de schaduw van herinneringen (deel2)/ Karel Kreuning
In: Informatiebulletin Stichting Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort = ISSN 1574-2075:
(2008), issue 25 (april), page 2-31.
Zigeuners
Sinti & Roma
Kamp Amersfoort
Geschiedenis
Oral history
Europa
Naoorlogstijd
Korte geschiedschrijving over de Sinti & Roma die o.a. door eeuwenlange discriminatie en
stigmatisering, een eigen sterk naar binnen gerichte cultuur hebben waar veel belang
wordt gehecht aan groeps- en familiebanden. Deel twee gaat vooral over de naoorlogstijd
vanaf 1945.
Kromhout, Bas
Ooggetuigen vertellen over Dolle Dinsdag: 'De teleurstelling was haast niet te verwerken' /
Bas Kromhout
In: Historisch Nieuwsblad = ISSN 0927-2690: (2008), issue 4 (mei ), page 23-30.
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Dolle Dinsdag
Getuigenissen
In 1950 hield het Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie een landelijke enquête over
Dolle Dinsdag. De honderden getuigenissen verdwenen in een archiefkast. Historisch
Nieuwsblad kreeg na 57 jaar inzage (Sander Heijne deed archiefonderzoek).
Reconstructie van een massapsychose.
Nj Laoire, C.
To name or not to name: reflections on the use of anonymity in an oral archive of migrant
life narratives / C. N¡ Laoire
In: Social & Cultural Geography = ISSN 1470-1197: vol. 8 (2007), issue 3, page 373-390.
Oral history
Migranten
Beroepsethiek
Ierland
This paper draws on an oral archive project on narratives of return migration in
contemporary Ireland, as the basis for a discussion on the potential of life narrative
research to destabilize meta-narratives and to contribute to the mapping of transformative
geographies. It is argued that this kind of research requires the creation of safe spaces
within which participants can tell their stories and articulate counter-narratives. At the
same time, it is important to make their voices available to a wide audience and to
recognize their authorial roles. There are contrasting perspectives in oral history and life
narrative research on the use of anonymity to protect participants' identities, which reflect
different disciplinary traditions and practices. The paper reflects on these different
8

perspectives and on the process of designing a research project that draws on multiple
methodological influences. It concludes that it is possible to facilitate access to these
voices, while at the same time providing safe conditions for the articulation of counternarratives,
by providing anonymity where possible and desirable in agreement with the
participant.
KOC
Pijpers, B.M.J.
Polemiek over het 'persistent conflict': 'The Bully versus the Phoenix' / B.M.J. Pijpers
In: Militaire Spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 177 (2008), issue 5, page 276-285.
Internationale politiek
Krijgsmacht
Polemologie
Is het plicht van de westerse wereld om in te grijpen bij zogeheten 'falende staten' en hen
te helpen? Zo ja, hoe moet dat dan en wat is de rol van Defensie daarbij? Bij de
benadering van dit probleem zijn er twee stromingen. De eerste is die van een
geïntegreerde aanpak om de falende staat de kans te geven zijn eigen weg te vinden.
Militairen ondersteunen daarbij en scheppen voorwaarden. De tweede is die waarbij een
dergelijke staat, min of meer gedwongen, in een westers patroon van democratie en recht
wordt geplaatst. Welke positie neemt Nederland eigenlijk in?
KOC
Reuling-Schappin, Marianne
Jeugdige politieke delinquenten Van Hoesels analyse en therapie / Marianne Reuling-
Schappin
In: Vraagstelling: vol. 1 (1994), issue 1 (winter), page 13-23.
NSB
NSB-jeugd
Kinderen van foute ouders
Politiek
Reclassering
Heropvoeding
Onderzoek
Jongeren uit NSB-gezinnen die bij het uitbreken van de oorlog minderjarig waren, hebben
deel uitgemaakt van een omvangrijk sociaal-pedagogisch project, dat werd uitgevoerd in
de periode 1945-1950. Zij werden geïnterneerd in speciale jeugdkampen en onderworpen
aan een programma van politieke heropvoeding onder leiding van A.F.G. van Hoesel. Dit
artikel is een weerslag van de ideeën en aanpak van Van Hoesel. Conclusie: 'politieke
heropvoeding' liep uit op 'morele heropvoeding'.
Reuling-Schappin, M.
Heropvoeding en reclassering van politiek besmette jeugd in Nederland, 1945-1950 / M.
Reuling-Schappin
In: Comenius = ISSN 1067-9163: vol. 11 (1991), page 347-362.
NSB
NSB-jeugd
Kinderen van foute ouders
Politiek
Reclassering
Heropvoeding
9

Onderzoek
Jongeren uit NSB-gezinnen die bij het uitbreken van de oorlog minderjarig waren, hebben
deel uitgemaakt van een omvangrijk sociaal-pedagogisch project, dat werd uitgevoerd in
de periode 1945-1950. Zij werden geïnterneerd in speciale jeugdkampen en onderworpen
aan een programma van politieke heropvoeding, gevolgd door intensieve reclassering.
Het onderzoek naar deze 'politiek besmette jeugd' beoogt een beschrijving en analyse van
dit proces van heropvoeding. Drie vragen staan hierin centraal: 1. naar het
opvoedingsklimaat in de kampen; 2. naar de kritiek op dat klimaat vanuit de Stichting
Toezicht Politieke Delinquenten, de instelling die met de reclassering was belast; en 3.
naar de praktijk van het reclasseringstoezicht.
Reuling-Schappin, M.
Kinderen in gevaar of gevaarlijke kinderen?: politieke heropvoeding van NSB-kinderen in
tehuizen 1945-1950 / M. Reuling-Schappin
In: Pedagogisch tijdschrift = ISSN 1069-2127: vol. 18 (1993), issue speciaal, page 147-
153.
NSB
NSB-jeugd
Kinderen van foute ouders
Loyaliteitsconflict
Identiteit
Politiek
Heropvoeding
Door de massale arrestatie van NSB-ers in 1945 bleven duizenden kinderen onverzorgd
achter. Een aantal vond een voorlopig onderdak bij familie en bekenden, de overigen
werden door de MG ondergebracht in inderhaast georganiseerde provisorische tehuizen
onder hun supervisie. Om deze kinderen te 'zuiveren' van het nazi-virus werd een
heropvoedingsprogramma opgezet: de achterliggende filosofie was dat men meende dat
enkel door hen te leren begrijpen wat democratie en vaderlandsliefde eigenlijk is, deze
kinderen weer volwaardige leden van de gemeenschap zouden kunnen worden
Slot, Eric
De dood van een onderduiker : Louis van Gasteren en de waarheid / Eric Slot. -
Amsterdam : Mouria, cop. 2006. - 304 p. ; 21 cm
Met lit. opg., reg.
ISBN 90-458-5103-2
ISBN 978-90-458-5103-7
Onderzoek naar de dood van de joodse onderduiker Walter Oettinger die om
verzetsredenen op zijn onderduikadres zou zijn omgebracht.
Verzet
Moord
Geschiedenis
Tweede Wereldoorlog
s5 SLO
Verbij, Antoine
Hitlers laatste slachtoffers, de verdrijving van de Duitsers uit Polen / Antoine Verbij
In: Historisch Nieuwsblad = ISSN 0927-2690: (2008), issue 4 (mei ), page 16-23.
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Polen
10

Duitsland
Naoorlogstijd
Integratie
Geweld
Geschiedenis
Tussen 1945 en 1950 verlieten bijna tien miljoen Duitsers Polen. Onder bizarre
omstandigheden, mishandeld en gechicaneerd, stroomden ze naar wat er van Duitsland
over was. Miljoenen Duitsers kwamen daarbij om het leven. Nog altijd drukt de
geschiedenis van deze verdrijvingen zwaar op de verhouding tussen Duitsland en Polen.
Oorlogsgetroffenen, alle categorieen Europa, joods, burgers,
verzet, kampverhalen / Victims of war
Bloemen, Evert
Meer aandacht voor medisch onderzoek in de asielprocedure in Nederland en de
Europese Unie: het Care Full initiatief / Evert Bloemen, Erick Vloeberghs
In: Mensenrechten en gezondheidszorg = ISSN 0927-2097: (2007), issue december
(december), page 6-9.
Vluchtelingen
Asielzoekers
Asielprocedure
Gezondheid
Psychische stoornissen
PTSD
Martelingen
Onderzoek
Het Care Full initiatief is een gezamenlijk project van Pharos, Amnesty International en
Vluchtelingenwerk Nederland. Doel van het initiatief is om te komen tot een
asielprocedure waarbij asielzoekers die mishandeld en gemarteld zijn, zo vroeg mogelijk
opgespoord worden en waarbij medisch en psychologisch onderzoek meeweegt in de
beoordeling van hun asielaanvraag.
Dorgeloo, Annemiek
Good practices in de ggz : een handreiking voor succesvolle implementatie van
interculturele good practices / Annemiek Dorgeloo, Aziza Sbiti en Astrid Kamperman
In: CMG = ISSN 1572-5073: (2007), issue 3, page 154-160.
Geestelijke gezondheidszorg
Vluchtelingen
Effectiviteit
Onderzoek
Vanuit de behoefte aan uitwisseling van kennis en ervaringen opgedaan met de
zorgverlening aan migranten en vluchtelingen is Mikado begonnen met het beschrijven
van 'good practices'.
Evers-Emden, Bloeme
Een andere kijk op de gevolgen van de oorlog voor joden: lezing / Bloeme Evers-Emden
In: Waffel: (2007), issue 33 (december), page 26-32.
Holocaust
Joden
11

Kinderen
Onderduiken
Eerste generatie
Tweede generatie
Psychosociale gevolgen
Veerkracht
Zingeving
Lezing door Bloeme Evers-Emden over de veerkracht, de beschermende factoren en
carrière van de eerste generatie Holocaust-overlevenden. Bloeme Evers noemt dit de
'positieve gevolgen' van de Tweede Wereldoorlog.
Gans, Evelien
Jaap en Ischa Meijer : een joodse geschiedenis / Evelien Gans. - Amsterdam : Bakker,
2008-.... - 2 dl. ; 25 cm
Jodendom
Familiegeschiedenis
Holocaust
Vader-zoon relatie
Biografieën
s1.1 GAN-1
Houwink ten Cate, Johannes
Herdenken en herinneren hebben zin : mensenrechten een verstandelijke noodzaak /
Johannes Houwink ten Cate
In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 4 (2008), issue 1, page 24-27.
Herdenken
Mensenrechten
Holocaust
Internationaal recht
Geschiedenis
Genocide
Historisch gezien is de huidige voortgaande aandacht voor de shoah uniek, betoogt
historicus Johannes Houwink ten Cate. Vergeten is namelijk de regel, niet het herinneren.
We houden immers niet van slachtoffers? De volgehouden aandacht voor de shoah komt
dan ook niet voort uit medeleven, maar uit welbegrepen eigenbelang: 'de verstandelijke
overtuiging dat iedereen slachtoffer van vervolging kan zijn vanwege zijn of haar identiteit.'
Kinderen
Kinderen die alles moesten goedmaken : hoe de oorlog doorwerkt in het leven van de
Joodse naoorlogse generatie / samenst. Rosalie Anstadt, Adriaan Rottenberg ; naar een
idee van André Agsteribbe. - [Amsterdam : JMW], cop. 2008. - 85 p. : ill. ; 24 cm
Uitg. t.g.v. van het 60-jarig jubileum van JMW, de zorgcoordinator van Joods Nederland. -
Met reg.
ISBN 978-90-803100-4-9
Holocaust
Joden
Tweede generatie
Psychosociale gevolgen
Citaten
s8.1.2 KIN-I en II
12

Melching, Willem
Nazi-Duitsland en de jodenvervolging : confrontatie met de slachtoffers / Willem Melching
In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 4 (2008), issue 1, page 4-7.
Duitsland
Politiek
Holocaust
Geschiedenis
Joden
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Recensies
Historicus Willem Melching bespreekt van Friedländer's omvangrijke studie 'Nazi-
Duitsland en de Joden'. Hij noemt het een wonderlijk boek: 'enerzijds is het onleesbaar,
anderzijds kun je het haast niet wegleggen.' Door het intensieve gebruik van primaire
bronnen vertelt hij het verhaal van de holocaust op een bijzondere en zeker originele
manier. Zo beschrijft hij gedetailleerd 'de kronkelweg naar Auschwitz', de ontwikkeling en
realisering van de gedachte om de joden niet alleen uit te bannen, maar ook fysiek uit te
roeien.
Mèle, E.
L'héritage de Dachau dans l'oeuvre de Zoran Music = [The legacy of Dachau in the works
of Zoran Music]
In: Revue Francophone du stress et du trauma = ISSN 1626-3375: vol. 8 (2008), issue 1
(fév), page 57-63.
Verwerkingsproces
Oorlogsgetroffenen
Tekeningen
The Slovenian painter Zoran Music (1909-2005) was sent to the concentration camp of
Dachau in September 1944. He created there at the risk of his life 100 drawings of what
he could see all around him: scenes of hanging, portraits of corpses, stack of bodies
sometimes still alive. After the liberation of the camp, he settled in Venice where he
started painting again. From 1970, the cycle "We are not the last" explored the visions of
the life of a concentration camp which haunted him, first in his dreams then on the paper
and the canvas. During the years before his death, Music was interested in portraiture.
Then naked, old, and exhausted bodies were represented. In fact the huge task of Music
consisted as years went by in struggling against the triumph of wrong by giving a face and
an identity to anonymous victims of Nazi barbarity. In the evolution of his works with the
reversal of latest years to self-portrait and the appropriation of himself as a subject, we
can also see a kind of victory on the traumatic repetition which is here investigated by
describing its modalities and stakes. [Author Abstract]
Mendelsohn, Daniël
The lost : a search for six of the six million / Daniël Mendelsohn ; photogr. by Matt
Mendelsohn. - New York, NY [etc.] : HarperPerennial, 2006. - 950 p. : ill. ; 24 cm
Zoektocht naar de achtergronden van de oudoom van de auteur die samen met zijn gezin
in een stadje in de Oekraïne tijdens de Holocaust werd vermoord, verweven met
bespiegelingen over Bijbelse teksten en de geschiedenis van het joodse volk.
Joden
Holocaust
Familiegeschiedenissen
Biografieën
13

s2.2 MEN
Nationalitäten
Nationalitäten im KZ / [met bijdr. van May B. Broda ... et al.]. - Dachau : Verlag Dachauer
Hefte, 2006. - 246 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. - ( ; Heft 23)
ISBN 978-3-9808587-8-6
Concentratiekampen
Dachau
Holocaust
Joden
Nederlanders
Ravensbrück
Staatlozen
Ohrbeck
Russen
s2.5 DAC-13
Schaap, Dick
Joodse krijgsgevangene met militaire eer begraven / Dick Schaap
In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 9 (2008), issue 3 (april), page 32-34.
Krijgsgevangenen
Joden
Veteranen
Krijgsgevangenkampen
Krijgsgevangenkamp Deep
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Het verhaal van de joodse veteraan Ben de Jong (88). Hij heeft als enig lid van zijn familie
de oorlog overleefd door gehoor te geven aan het Duitse bevel aan Nederlandse militairen
om in krijgsgevangenschap terug te keren. Hij kwam terecht in het vrijwel onbekende
krijgsgevangenkamp voor joden in Deep in Pommeren in Oost-Pruisen.
Scheffel-Baars, H.J.
The dialogue as a helping hand. A report about the hands-on expertise of Kombi ; [met
medew. van: Edith Nagel ... et al. ; vertaling door F.P.J. van der Werff]. - [S.I.] : Stichting
Kombi, 2006. - 93 p. ; 31 cm
Stichting Kombi
Kinderen
Oorlogsgetroffenen
Eerste generatie
Zelfhulpgroepen
Verwerkingsproces
Traumatische ervaringen
Evaluatie
Onderzoek
s.8.1.1 SCH
Schneiders, Lies
Jaap Polak : a happy holocaust survivor / Lies Schneiders
In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 4 (2008), issue 1, page 8-12.
Oorlogsgetroffenen
14

Verenigde Staten
Interviews
Coping
Joden
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Emigratie
Jaap Polak is een 'oorlogsemigrant'. Na de oorlog vertrok hij naar de VS, naar zijn zeggen
omdat zijn naoorlogse leven in Nederland te zeer door de holocaust werd gedomineerd.
Hij vertelt Lies Schneiders over zijn oorlogservaringen, zijn overlevingsgedrag in het kamp
en zijn schaamte over sommige voorvallen. In Amerika werkte en studeerde hij hard:
'geen tijd voor de holocaust'. In z'n huidige bestaan is daar juist wel veel tijd voor: vanuit
het Anne Frank Center is hij betrokken bij tentoonstellingen en houdt hij voordrachten.
Sonke, Paul
Dwangarbeider 3154 : het verhaal van Adrie Koopman in de Tweede Wereldoorlog / Paul
Sonke. - Vlissingen : Den Boer/De Ruiter, 2007. - 80 p. : ill., krt. ; 24 cm
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-74576-92-5
CONTENTS
Memoires van een Zeeuwse arbeider (1923) die in de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Letland als
dwangarbeider moet werken.
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Arbeidsinzet
Kamp Amersfoort
Riga
Naoorlogstijd
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Biografieën
s4.2 SON
Surinaamse
Surinaamse oorlogsveteranen van de Tweede Wereldoorlog 1939-1945, Korea-oorlog,
1951-1953. - [Paramaribo] : De Ware Tijd, [ca. 1984?]. - 64 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. - (De Ware tijd
; Speciale editie) Omslagtitel. : fl 4.00
Dl. 1: Interviews van Tony Wong met veteranen die deze oorlogen hebben overleefd.
Tweede Wereloorlog
Korea-oorlog
Veteranen
Suriname
Interviews
s8.2 SUR
KOC
Venezia, Shlomo
Sonderkommando Auschwitz / Shlomo Venezia ; met een inl. van Simone Veil ; [vert. uit
het Frans: Zenotext ; foto's en tek.: Pantswowe Museum ... et al.]. - Antwerpen : Manteau ;
[Amsterdam] : Ambo, cop. 2008. - 192 p., [16] p. pl. : ill. ; 22 cm
Vert. van: Sonderkommando : dans l'enfer des chambres … gaz. - Paris : Albin Michel,
2007. - Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-223-2230-7 (Manteau)
15

ISBN 978-90-263-2101-6 (Ambo)
Ooggetuigenverslag van de arbeid van een werkploeg van joodse mannen in Auschwitz.
Holocaust
Concentratiekampen
Auschwitz
Mauthausen
Melk
Ebensee
Schuldgevoelens
Naoorlogstijd
Italië
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Interviews
s2.2 VEN
Verloren
Verloren stemmen : oorlog in de woorden van kinderen / [samengest. door] Zlata Filipovic
en Melanie Challenger ; vert. [uit het Engels] door Bonella van Beusekom. - Amsterdam :
Arena, cop. 2008. - 317 p., [8] p. pl. : ill. ; 24 cm
Vert. van: Stolen voices : young people's war diaries, from World War I to Iraq. - New York
[etc.] : Penguin Books, 2006.
ISBN 978-90-6974-916-7
CONTENTS
Bloemlezing van dagboekfragmenten van veertien jonge mensen die leefden in
verschillende oorlogssituaties.
Adolescenten
Jongeren
Oorlogen
Eerste en Tweede Wereldoorlog
Vietnam
Balkan
Isra"el
Irak
Dagboeken
Egodocumenten
In samenwerking met journaliste Melanie Challenger heeft Zlata Filipovic (zij werd bekend
door haar oorlogsdagboek uit Sarajevo) de afgelopen jaren dagboekfragmenten
verzameld die geschreven zijn door kinderen en jongeren vanuit de hele wereld. Vele van
deze dagboeken zijn nooit gepubliceerd of inmiddels vergeten. We vernemen de
wanhoop, het onbegrip en verdriet, maar ook plannen, ambities en geloof in de toekomst
van kinderen in oorlogsgebieden.
s9 FIL
Weerden, Jan van
De oorlogsvlag : een indrukwekkend document over gewapend verzet, sabotage en
spionage in de Tweede Wereldoorlog met als uitvalsbasis Noordoost-Overijssel en Zuid-
Drenthe / [Jan van Weerden]. - Hardenberg : Heijink, 2008. - 408 p. : foto's. ; 24 cm
ISBN 978-90-813017-1-8
Verzet
Geschiedenis
16

Tweede Wereldoorlog
Overijssel
Drenthe
Egodocumenten
s3 WEE
(Voormalig) Nederlands-Indie / Former Dutch East Indies
Bruggen-Rufi, Monique van
Thuis west, Oost best. Geïndividualiseerde, cultuurgerichte muziektherapie bij Indisch
Nederlandse ouderen / Monique van Bruggen-Rufi
In: Tijdschrift voor vaktherapie = ISSN 1871-5052: vol. 4 (2008), issue 2, page 9-15.
Creatieve therapie
Muziektherapie
Indische Nederlanders
Ouderen
Cultuur
Hulpverlening
Methoden en technieken
Onderzoek
Ouderen uit het voormalig Nederlands-Indië dragen een specifieke geschiedenis met zich
mee. In de hulpverlening aan deze mensen is kennis van hun achtergrond van wezenlijk
belang. Dit artikel gaat in op de historische, sociale, en culturele kenmerken van de
Indische Nederlander en presenteert een verkennend onderzoek naar de effecten van ge±
ïndividualiseerde, cultuurgerichte muziektherapie. Met behulp van de GIPobservatievragenlijst
zijn de resultaten van een drietal metingen in kaart gebracht.
Dis, Adriaan van
Totok / Adriaan van Dis ; collages Harald Vlugt. - Landgraaf : Herik, 1997. - [32] p. : ill. ; 22
cm. - (Zwarte reeks ; 37)
Opl. van 299 genummerde en gesigneerde ex. - Met ill.
ISBN 90-73036-57-7
Gedichten van de Nederlandse schrijver over zijn relatie met Indië en met zijn ouders.
Totoks
Gedichten
s6 DIS
Eyden, Ton van der
Arts en gezin in de Oost (1928-1946) / Ton van der Eyden. - Zutphen : Walburg Pers, cop.
2006. - 256 p. : ill., krt. ; 23 cm
Bevat een aantal brieven van Theo van der Eyden en zijn gezinsleden. - Met lit. opg.
ISBN 90-5730-452-X
Memoires en brieven over het bewogen leven van een Nederlands artsengezin in
Nederlands-Indië/Indonesië tijdens de jaren dertig en veertig, met name tijdens de
Japanse bezetting (1942-1945) en de periode daarna.
Krijgsgevangenen
Interneringskampen
Nederlands-Indië
Indonesië
Biografieën
17

Geschiedenis
s6 EYD
Geen
Geen haat, maar afkeer. Japanse kampbewakers in de ogen van geïnterneerden in
Nederlands-Indië. Een vergelijking van dagboeken, memoires en interviews / Jasper van
der Hoek. - [s.n. ; s.l.], 2006. - 123 p. ; 30 cm
Masterscriptie Maatschappijgeschiedenis, Faculteit der Historische en
Kunstwetenschappen, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. - Met lit. opg..
Nederlands-Indië
Interneringskampen
Herinnering
Geheugen
Beeldvorming
Memoires
Ego-documenten
Interviews
Vergelijkend onderzoek
Scripties
s6.1 HOE
Geen uitleen.
Graaff, Ant.P. de
Eindelijk erkenning : met het vergeten leger in Indië / Ant.P. de Graaff. - Franeker : Van
Wijnen, cop. 2008. - 140 p. : ill. ; 21 cm
ISBN 978-90-5194-330-6
Politonele acties
Indië-veteranen
Geestelijke Verzorging
Aalmoezenier
Erkenning
Dagboeken
Egodocumenten
s6.8 GRA
Klein Kranenburg, Diederick
Molukse organisaties verhinderden integratie / Diederick Klein Kranenburg
In: Historisch Nieuwsblad = ISSN 0927-2690: (2008), issue 3 (april), page 59-63.
Molukkers
KNIL
Repatriëring
Loyaliteit
Integratie
Isolatie
Organisaties
Overheid
Nederland
Al snel na hun aankomst in Nederland richtten de Molukse ex-KNIL-militairen organisaties
op om hun belangen bij de Nederlandse overheid te verdedigen. De leiders van deze
18

organisaties hielden echter vast aan de geïsoleerde positie van de Molukkers. Hun
loyaliteit werd bovendien vaak afgedwongen door intimidatie en sociale uitsluiting.
Lepeltak, Jan
Changi, poort naar de hel. Strijd in Singapore / Jan Lepeltak
In: MOESSON = ISSN 0165-6546: (2008), issue 2 (augustus), page 23-27.
Nederlands-Indië
Singapore
Krijgsgevangenen
Prisoners of War (POW)
Changi-gevangenis
Oorlogsmusea
De Nederlanders vochten in 1942 samen met de Britten om het lot van Singapore. Het
verlies van de Britse enclave was een teken aan de wand voor Nederlands-Indië.
Overwinnaar Japan gebruikte Singapore als gevangenis voor de honderdduizenden
krijgsgevangenen. De Singaporese Changi-gevangenis bood een adempauze voor de
gevangengenomen Britten, Australiërs en ook duizenden Nederlanders tijdens hun reis
naar Thailand en Birma. Sinds 2003 beschikt de Changi-gevangenis over een
oorlogsmuseum.
Overgaauw, Aad
Van boerderij naar rimboe : dienstplichtig soldaat in Nederlands-Indië (1948-1950) / Aad
Overgaauw. - [S.l.] : F&N Eigen Beheer, 2007. - 195 p. : ill. ; 24 cm
ISBN 978-90-78675-17-4
Indië-veteranen
Zuid-Sumatra
Ego-documenten
Brieven
Persoonlijke ervaringen
s6.8 OVE
KOC
Raben, Remco
Indonesië erfde een ontregelde samenleving. Geweld tijdens de onafhankelijkheidsstrijd /
Remco Raben
In: Historisch Nieuwsblad = ISSN 0927-2690: (2008), issue 5-6 (juni-augustus), page 37-
42.
Nederlands-Indië
Geweld
Onafhankelijkheidsstrijd
Nederlanders
Indonesiërs
Chinezen
Geschiedenis
De Indonesische revolutie van 1945-1949 ging gepaard met veel bloedvergieten. Het
geweld verankerde zich in de Indonesische maatschappij.
19

Sprang, Alfred van
Wij werden geroepen : de geschiedenis van de 7 December Divisie, met zweten en
zwoegen geschreven door twintigduizend Nederlandse mannen / in inkt geboekstaafd
door Alfred van Sprang. - 's-Gravenhage : Van Hoeve, 1949. - 243 p. : ill. ; 27 cm
Politionele acties
Militairen
Indië-veteranen
s6.8 SPR
KOC
Vluchtelingen, hedendaagse oorlogen, transculturele
psychiatrie / Refugees - contemporary wars
Azizzada, S
Geweld tegen vrouwen en het democratiseren van Afghanistan / S Azizzada
In: Militaire Spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 176 (2007), issue 12 (december), page 560-
569.
Dit artikel is een bewerkte versie van het paper Violence against Women in Afghanistan:
Oppression and Politics of Violence, dat gepresenteerd werd tijdens de Afghanistanconferentie
op 21 juni 2007 op de Universiteit Leiden.
Afghanistan
Geweld
Vrouwen
Eergerelateerd geweld
Huiselijk geweld
Seksueel geweld
Cultuur
Politiek
Onderwijs
Gezondheidszorg
Overzichtsartikel over geweld tegen vrouwen in Afghanistan en de noodzaak om de
positie van vrouwen van binnenuit te verbeteren.
Bolton, Paul
Intervention for depression symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and
displacement in northern Uganda. A randomized controlled trial / Paul Bolton...[et al.]
In: JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association = ISSN 0098-7484: vol. 298
(2007), issue 5 (augustus), page 519-527.
Burgeroorlog
Afrika
Oeganda
Kindoverlevenden
Adolescenten
Vluchtelingen
Depressie
Psychosociale problematiek
Interventies
Onderzoek
20

Brocades Zaalberg, Thijs W.
Soldiers and civil power : supporting or substituting civil authorities in modern peace
operations / Thijs W. Brocades Zaalberg. - Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press,
cop. 2006. - 528 p. : ill. ; 24 cm
Oorspr. proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2005. - Bibliogr.: p. 431-448. - Lit. opg.:
p. 453-522. - Met index.
ISBN 90-5356-792-5
ISBN 978-90-5356-792-0
Militairen
Vredesmissies
Burgers
Veiligheid
Proefschriften
Het scheppen van een veilige omgeving - het doel van de meeste vredesoperaties - is
alleen mogelijk als de uitgezonden militairen beschikken over een ruim mandaat en
voldoende flexibiliteit om burgertaken die niet of slecht worden vervuld over te nemen. Zo
luidt in de kern de theorie die de auteur in zijn proefschrift ontwikkelt. Uit zijn uitgebreide
vergelijkend onderzoek van uitzendingen van Vietnam tot Kosovo blijkt dat het probleem
vaak ligt in een te beperkte opvatting van de missie.
s8.7 BRO
Derluyn, Ilse
Different perspectives on emotional and behavioural problems in unaccompanied refugee
children and adolescents / Ilse Derluyn
In: Ethnicity and Health = ISSN 1355-7858: vol. 12 (2007), issue 2 (april), page 141-162.
Vluchtelingen
Alleenstaande minderjarige asielzoekers (AMA'S)
Kinderen
Adolescenten
Psychosociale problematiek
Traumatische ervaringen
Gedrag
Methoden en technieken
Onderzoek
België
This study aims, firstly, to investigate the prevelance of emotional and behavioural
problems in unaccompanied refugee children and adolescents living in Belgium. Secondly,
this study compares the perspectives of the adolescents with those of social workers on
the adolescents' emotional well-being.
Ghorashi, Halleh
Giving silence a chance : the important of life stories for research on refugees / Halleh
Ghorashi
In: = ISSN 1471-6925: vol. 21 (2008), issue 1, page 117-132.
Vluchtelingen
Iran
Vrouwen
Oral history
Zwijgen
21

In order to capture refugees' experiences and narratives it is necessary to create space
within research to be able to notice the untold within the interviews. This article focuses on
the ways that Iranian women refugees (in the Netherlands and the United States) narrate
their experiences of the past and the present or stay silent when the experiences are too
difficult to talk about. Including the moments of silence within the process of analysing the
stories has helped the researcher to discover different layers within the interviews. The
main argument of this article is that the combination of the life stories method and the
comparative nature of the research have especially helped to find out about the different
ways in which the past is positioned within the present narratives. The life stories in
particular have created the necessary space to listen to the often untold stories of
refugees. This has enabled the researcher to go beyond the expressed words in order to
understand different layers of expression within the narratives.
Hillen, J.S.J.
3P: publiek, politiek en pers / J.S.J. Hillen
In: Militaire Spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 177 (2008), issue 6, page 342-348.
Publieke opinie
Defensie
Krijgsmacht
Op 5 mei gaat het om vrede, in het besef dat dit kostbare goed niet allen gegeven is. Er
zijn niet voor niets operaties in het buitenland waaraan ook de Nederlandse krijgsmacht
deelneemt. In de onmiddelijke omgeving van de krijgsmacht spelen die 'P's': publiek,
politiek en pers. Men zegt dat militaire acties tegenwoordig op de beeldbuis worden
gewonnen. Misschien zijn de drie P's uiteindelijk hoofdzakelijk met zichzelf bezig. Waar
ontwikkelingssamenwerking buiten het jaarlijks loven en bieden van de begroting
gehouden, zou dat ook voor defensie moeten gelden.
KOC
Leeuwen, J.M.D. van
De inhuur van private militaire bedrijven in operatiegebieden / J.M.D. van Leeuwen
In: Militaire Spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 177 (2008), issue 4, page 240-245.
Private militaire bedrijven
Krijgsmacht
Nederland
Beleid
De Nederlandse militaire inzet in Uruzgan is afhankelijk van private bedrijven. De omvang
van de huidige Nederlandse deelname is immers gebaseerd op het concept dat de
logistiek voor een groot deel wordt uitbesteed. Daaraan zijn echter zowel politiek-militaire
als juridische en ethische risico's verbonden. Deze risico's zijn te verkleinen door de
controle en de greep op de ingehuurde bedrijven te vergroten. Het is hoog tijd voor een
volwaardig politiek debat in Nederland over private militaire bedrijven.
KOC
Leydesdorff, Selma
De leegte achter ons laten : een geschiedenis van de vrouwen van Srebrenica / Selma
Leydesdorff. - Amsterdam : Bakker, 2008. - 414 p. : ill., krt. ; 22 cm
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-351-3257-3
Srebrenica
Oral history
22

Vrouwen
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Verwerking
Hoogleraar Leydesdorff geeft door middel van opgetekende interviews met nabestaanden
de herinneringen aan de val van Srebrenica weer, en vooral ook aan de jaren daaraan
voorafgaand. De verhalen beginnen in 1992 met de Servische verovering van de regio
rond Srebrenica in een campagne die tot doel had een groter Servië te creëren. Op 11 juli
1995, als de enclave op het punt staat in Servische handen te vallen, vluchten duizenden
Moslims naar de VN-basis in Potocari.In Leydesdorffs boek wordt duidelijk hoe de
vrouwen, die bij de val hun mannen en zonen verloren, om zijn gegaan met deze
ervaringen.
s5.5 LEY-I en s5.5 LEY-II
Moelker, René
Hidden women : women in the Netherlands Armed Forces / René Moelker and Jolanda
Bosch. - Breda : Faculty of Military Sciences of the NLDA, 2008. - 68 p. : tab. ; 24 cm. -
(Publications of the Faculty of Military Sciences ; no. 2008/01)
Met lit. opg. - Index.
ISBN 978-90-8892-004-2
Vrouwen
Krijgsmacht
Nederland
Beleid
s8.7 MOE
Oh,
Oh, where have you been my blue-eyed son? : an existentialistic contribution to the
understanding of war trauma and PTSD / Vladan Beara and Predrag Miljanović ; vert. [uit
het Servo-Kroatisch] Dragana Radovanović and Nebojša Pajić. - Novi Sad : Centre for
trauma, 2006. - 224 p.. ; 21 cm
Vert. van: Gde si to bio, sine moj?.
ISBN 86-9081511-2
Veteranen
PTSD
Servië
Albanië
Voormalig Joegoslavië
Getuigenissen
Existentialisme
Beeldvorming
Schuldgevoelens
In dit boek komen veteranen uit Servië en Albanië aan het woord over hun ervaringen
tijdens de verschillende oorlogen in voormalig Joegoslavië. Hoe denken zij over
existentiële vragen zoals leven en dood, keuzevrijheid, eenzaamheid en zinloosheid. Wat
hebben ze geleerd over de oorlog en hoe denken ze nu over vredesvraagstukken.
s8.2 BEA
23

Passamar, Marc
Programme de santé mentale au décours du tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 (Banda Aceh,
Sumatra) = Mental health program after the tsunami of December 2004, Banda Aceh,
Sumatra / Marc Passamar, Bernard Vilamot et Gérard Rossinelli
In: Revue Francophone du stress et du trauma = ISSN 1626-3375: vol. 8 (2008), issue 1
(fév), page 49-57.
Rampen
Tsunami
PTSD
Community Mental Health
A mental health program has been created and developed by Médecins du Monde in the
post-immediate period following the tsunami of December 2004 at Banda Aceh (Sumatra,
Indonesia). The authors recall the context of the disaster and the geopolitical situation,
clinical medicine, and direct and indirect care. The emphasis is put on training and
awareness of health actors and community leaders. [Author Abstract]
Rol
De rol van NGO's en bedrijven in internationale organisaties / [Adviesraad Internationale
Vraagstukken]. - Den Haag : Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken, AIV, 2006. - 42 p. ;
30 cm. - (Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken ; no. 51)
Ook verschenen als online resource. - Met lit. opg.
Internationale organisaties
Non-gouvernementele organisaties
Bedrijfsleven
s8.7 ROL
KOC
Serafin, Amy
The missing, a hidden tragedy / Amy Serafin
In: Red Cross Red Crescent = ISSN 1019-9349: (2008), issue 1, page 4-6.
Oorlog
Geweld
Vermissing
Families
Psychotrauma
Coping
Uncertainty about the fate of their loved ones is a harsh reality for countless families of
people unaccounted for as a result of armed conflict or internal violence. Much remains to
be done to address this pressing humanitarian issue and to help families cope with the
trauma.
Steinweg, K.K.
Dealing realistically with fraticide / K.K. Steinweg
In: Parameters = ISSN 0031-1723: (1995) (spr), page 4-29.
Eigen vuur (Friendly fire)
Geschiedenis
Beleid
Casuïstiek
KOC
24

Thuis
Thuis is ergens tussen herkomst en toekomst: een literatuuronderzoek / Lidwien
Raaphorst. - [s.n. ; s.l.], 2008. - 67 p. ; 30 cm
Doctoraalscriptie Universiteit voor Humanistiek. - Met lit. opg..
Vluchtelingen
Migranten
Ballingen
Gender
Ontworteling
Verlies
Identiteit
Zingeving
Processen
Scripties
s8.6 RAA
Geen uitleen
Walzer, Michael
Oorlog en dood : over de rechtvaardige oorlog in onze tijd / Michael Walzer ; met essays
van Marcel Becker, Désirée Verweij en Thomas Mertens. - Budel : DAMON, cop. 2008. -
86 p. ; 22 cm
Uitg. naar aanleiding van de Thomas More Lezing 2007 van het Soeterbeeck Programma
van de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen. - Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-5573-890-8
Rechtvaardige oorlog
Ethiek
Polemologie
s8.7 WAL
Weine, S.
Evaluating a multiple-family group access intervention for refugees with PTSD / S.
Weine...et al.
In: Journal of marital and family therapy: vol. 34 (2008), issue 2, page . 149-64.
Vluchtelingen
PTSD
Gezinstherapie
Behandeling
Onderzoek
Effectiviteit
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a multiple-family group in
increasing access to mental health services for refugees with posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD). This study investigated a nine-session multiple-family group called
Coffee and Families Education and Support with refugee families from Bosnia-
Herzegovina in Chicago. Adults with PTSD (n = 197) and their families were randomly
assigned to receive either the intervention or a control condition. The results indicated that
a multiple-family group was effective in increasing access to mental health services and
that depression and family comfort with discussing trauma mediated the intervention
effect. Further well-designed studies of family interventions are needed for developing
evidence-based interventions for refugee families.
25

Psycho-sociale problematiek en de hulpverlening /
Psychosocial issues - consequences
Bannink, Fredrike
Gelukkig zijn en geluk hebben : zelf oplossingsgericht werken / Fredrike Bannink ; [ill.:
Daan Mens]. - Amsterdam : Harcourt Book Publishers, cop. 2007. - 119 p. : ill. ; 24 cm
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-265-1803-4
CONTENTS
Zelfhulpgids.
Psychotherapie
Cognitieve therapie
Zelfhulp
Oplossingsgerichte therapie
Praktijkboek
s7 BAN
Broeke, Erik ten
Praktijkboek EMDR: casusconceptualisatie en specifieke patiëntengroepen / Erik ten
Broeke, Ad de Jongh en Hans-Jaap Oppenheim (red.). - Amsterdam : Harcourt, 2008. -
493 p. ; 25 cm
Met lit. opg.
Therapieën
EMDR
Behandeling
PTSD
Complexe PTSD
Dissociatieve stoornissen
Eetstoornissen
Persoonlijkhidsstoornissen
Cognitieve systeemtherapie
Casuïstiek
Methoden en technieken
Interventies
Resource Development and Installation (RDI)
Cognitieve interventies
Volwassenen
Adolescenten
Kinderen
Protocollen
s7.2 PRA
Cazabat, Eduardo H.
Evolution historique du concept du dissociation = Historic evolution of the dissociation
concept / Eduardo H. Cazabat
In: Revue Francophone du stress et du trauma = ISSN 1626-3375: vol. 8 (2008), issue 1
(fév), page 41-48.
Geschiedenis
Dissociatie
26

Dissociatieve stoornissen
The phenomenon of dissociation, just like that of psychic trauma, was one of the first
topics studied in psychiatry, and then has been rapidly relegated to the background. In the
last 20 years the study of childhood sexual abuse and of other forms of complex trauma,
which provoke reactions ranging from single dissociation episodes to dissociative identity
disorders (earlier named multiple personality disorder), has made the importance of the
concept and of its study reappear. This paper presents a brief historic evolution of concept
of dissociation and offers some prospects for its development. [Adapted from Author
Abstract]
Dijkstra, Sietske
Geweld en veerkracht in gezinnen : over posities, professionals en preventie van
overdracht / Sietske Dijkstra. - Bilthoven : Dijkstra - Expertise in geweld binnen relaties,
2007. - 184 p. : ill. ; 22 cm
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-9021268-5
Huiselijk geweld
Gezinnen
Veerkracht
Overdracht
Mishandeling
Kinderen
Psychotrauma
Preventie
s8 DIJK
Erlich, Sheila
Short-term group therapy with Holocaust survivors and the second generation / Sheila
Erlich
In: Group: the journal of the Eastern Group Psychotherapy Society = ISSN 1573-3386:
vol. 26 (2002), issue 2 (juni), page 163-171.
Holocaust
Oorlogsgetroffenen
Eerste generatie
Tweede generatie
Kortdurende groepstherapie
Transgenerationele overdracht
Behandeling
Holocaust literature is replete with articles concerning the treatment of survivors in
classical, long-term, and family therapy, in addition to second generations in self-help
groups. A review of these treatments will follow. However, this literature is limited with
respect to survivors (aged mid-20s to early 60s) in short-term group therapy. This paper is
the first description of short-term group therapy with this population, and the first
description of short-term group therapy with Holocaust survivors and the second
generation who are not related.
Hafkenscheid, Anton
Naar een gedragcode voor het uitbrengen van 'nieuwe'psychiatrische en psychologische
meetinstrumenten : psychodiagnostisch gereedschap / Anton Hafkenscheid and Filip
Raes
27

In: De Psycholoog = ISSN 0033-3115: vol. 43 (2008), issue 6, page 336-341.
Meetinstrumenten
Vragenlijsten
Psychologie
Veel van de Nederlandse psychologische meetinstrumenten zijn vertalingen van
Amerikaanse of Britse vragenlijsten. Soms bestaan er verschillende Nederlandse
vertalingen naast elkaar. Dit leidt tot verwarring en versnippering. Een gedragscode of
richtlijnen voor onderzoekers zouden dit kunnen voorkomen.
Lemitre, Samuel
Trauma et psychopathie : approaches psychanalytique et neuropsychologique intégrées =
Trauma and psychopathy : integrating the psychoanalytical and neuropsychological /
Samuel Lemitre
In: Revue Francophone du stress et du trauma = ISSN 1626-3375: vol. 8 (2008), issue 1
(fév), page 27-35.
Kinderen
Psychotrauma
Lange termijn gevolgen
Antisociale persoonlijkheid
Geweld
Psychopathologie
Neuropsychologie
According to the literature, there exists a link between experiences of early victimization
and later development of psychopathy. Early experiences of body infringement and
physical violence in particular seem to be the vectors of violent behaviours in adulthood.
Several studies have suggested that antisocial disorders could be a developmental
consequence of early and repeated psychotraumas. As part of a larger study aiming at
exploring the nature of the link between body imprint of violence and later violent
behaviours, this article describes the self-reported early experiences of potentially
traumatizing events and PTSD symptoms in a sample of adult psychopaths. 33 adult
psychopaths convicted for violent offences were selected in a French prison on the basis
of a high score on Hare's psychopathic checklist-revised (" 28). Analysis of the interview
material showed that more than 60% of the sample report have experienced serious illtreatments
in childhood. About 30% show clear symptoms of PTSD and 45% show clear
signs of dissociation. The author discusses possible implications of these findings and
formulates psychodynamic hypotheses on the actual role of psychotrauma in the
development of psychopathic disorders, integrating neuropsychological materials. [Author
Abstract]
Pollak, Eva
The Bielefeld Attachment Questionnaires : overview and empirical results of an
alternative approach to assess attachment / Eva Pollak, Silke Wiegand-Grefe and Diether
Höger
In: Psychotherapy research = ISSN 1050-3307: vol. 17 (2008), issue 2, page 179-190.
Hechting
Vragenlijsten
Methodiek
Meetinstrumenten
28

Pretorius, Werner M.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Supervision: recommended practice / Werner M. Pretorius
In: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy = ISSN 0141-3473: vol. 34 (2006), issue 4
(oktober), page 413-420.
Cognitieve gedragstherapie
Supervisie
Kwaliteitszorg
Behandeling
Methoden en technieken
In the absence of good quality evidence for the effectiveness of specific aspects or
formats of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) supervision, it is necessary to consider
what is recommended as good quality CBT supervision. This review of the literature aims
to provide an overview of the recommended practice of CBT supervision by considering
general principles and goals of CBT supervision; the format of individual supervision
sessions; the course and stages of CBT supervision; attending to supervisees' cognitions
and affects; the importance of the supervisory relationship as well as the recording and
rating of therapy sessions. This could provide a framework for setting standards to aspire
to and stimulate further research in this field. Conforming to such practice would be an
important step toward quality assurance in CBT supervision.
Quest
A quest for alternative sociology / ed. by Kenji Kosaka and Masahiro Ogino. - Melbourne :
TransPacific Press, 2008. - XI, 271 p. : ill., tab. ; 22 cm. - (Advanced social research
series ; vol. 3)
Sociologie
'Human Suffering'
Rampen
Sociale vraagstukken
About social research that might serve to enhance human well-being.Twelve chapters are
arranged in four sections: Unremedied suffering, 'Taming'suffering, Reciting suffering and
multidimensional happiness. Part III contains the following chapters: Aging Japanes
American atomic-bom survivors in Southern California / Kayoko C. Nakao and Satoshi
Ikeno; From victims divided to victims united:the politics of war trauma in the Netherlands,
1945-1980 / Jolande Withuis; Can one still live happily after Chernobyl?/Bernard Paillard.
s 8 Que
Roelofs, Saar
Wie is er nu gek? : over kronkels in de therapeutische relatie / Saar Roelofs ; [cartoons
Saar Roelofs]. - Schiedam : Scriptum, cop. 2008. - 175 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. - (Scriptum
psychologie)
ISBN 978-90-5594-582-5 geb.
Psychotherapie
Hulpverleners
Therapeutische relatie
Interactieproces
Tegenoverdracht
Diagnostiek
Coping
Macht
Veerkracht
29

Lotgenoten
Bijlmerramp
Empathie
Psycholoog Roelofs geeft in dit boek een analyse van de hulpverlening in de geestelijke
gezondheidszorg. Zij bekritiseert het stellen van diagnoses en de koppeling hiervan aan
een standaardbehandeling. Volgens Roelofs heeft de hulpverlener vele zwakke kanten,
die zij dan ook uitgebreid belicht aan de hand van de begrippen overdracht en
tegenoverdracht. Tevens verwerkt Roelofs in het boek de veerkracht van de hulpvrager en
komen vele gevalsbeschrijvingen aan bod.
s7 ROE-I en s7 ROE-II
Saussure, Thierry de
La religion : bouillon de culture ou voie de guérison du trauma? = Religion, breeding
ground or a possible way for the traumatized to recover / Thierry de Saussure
In: Revue Francophone du stress et du trauma = ISSN 1626-3375: vol. 8 (2008), issue 2
(mai), page 102-107.
Religie
Psychotrauma
Bijbelteksten
Behandeling
Schultz-Venrath, U.
Mentalisierungsgestützte Gruppenpsychotherapie : Zur Veränderung therapeutischer
Interventionsstile / U. Schultz-Venrath
In: ISSN 0017 4947: vol. 44 (2008), issue 2, page 135-149.
Mentaliseren
Behandeling
Mentalization Based Treatment (MBT)
Interventies
Groepstherapie
Hulpverleners
Attitude
Thys, Michel
De gestilde psyche : over fascinatie, trauma en de doodsdrift / Michel Thys
In: ISSN 1382-516x: vol. 14 (2008), issue 1, page 5-17.
Psychoanalyse
Psychotrauma
Dood
Uitterhaegen, Bart
Psycho-education and psychosocial support in the Netherlands; a program by and for
refugees / Bart Uitterhaegen
In: Intervention : the international journal of mental health, psychosocial work and
counselling in areas of armed conflict = ISSN 1571-8883: vol. 3 (2005), issue 2, page 141-
147.
Vluchtelingen
Asielzoekers
Psycho-educatie
Psychosociale hulpverlening
30

Hulpverleners
Community mental health
Methoden en technieken
Nederland
This article is about a community based intervention program in the Netherlands. In this
program, asylum seekers and refugees are trained to provide psycho-education and
psychosocial support to fellow groups of refugees and asylum seekers. These trained
refugees work in their own language and culture, with a professional coach from a local
mental health institute. The group courses consist of psycho-education, psychosocial
support and empowerment. On the one hand, they raise awareness of problems like
trauma, mourning, stress, feelings of guilt, acculturation, alcohol and drug abuse. On the
other hand they teach participants to cope with these problems, rediscover their strength
and have confidence in their ability to move forward. Referral takes place when the need
for further professional help (e.g. therapy) is identified. In this paper, emphasis is put on
the training of trainers.
Vries-Geervliet, Liet de
Het begeleiden van mensen met een traumatische ervaring / Liet de Vries-Geervliet. - 1e
dr. - Soest : Nelissen, 2007. - 144 p. ; 24 cm. - (PM-reeks)
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-244-1776-6
Psychotrauma
Slachtoffers
Angst
Hulpverlening
Onderwijsleermiddelen
Casuïstiek
Behandeling
Onmacht
Verwerkingsproces
Herziene versie van “Over trauma's gesproken". Voor de beginnende hulpverlener die te
maken krijgt met getraumatiseerde cliënten. Bevat de volgende hoofdstukken: 1.
Trauma's, 2. de angstreactie, 3. de reactie op angst, 4. de uitgeputte hulpvrager, 5. de
vertwijfelde hulpvrager, 6. de onevenwichtige hulpvrager, 7. de schuldige hulpvrager, 8.
de competenties van de hulpverlener, 9. hulpmiddelen (muziek, taal, beelden, sport en
spel), 10. de professionaliteit van de hulpverlener.
s8 VRI
Walthuis, Karen
Wisselende contacten : de ontmaskering van de coachingsrelatie / Karen Walthuis ; [ill.
Julian Kwan]. - [Schiedam] : Scriptum, cop. 2008. - 163 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. - (Scriptum
psychologie)
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-5594-585-6 geb.
CONTENTS
Beschrijving van zes mogelijke basishoudingen van coaches en hun mogelijkheden tot
verdere professionalisering.
Coaching
Relaties
Coach
31

Cliënten
Proces
s7 WAL
Winants, Y
Uit de schaduw van de ander : huiselijk geweld geen privé-zaak meer ; evaluatieonderzoek.
- Maastricht : Universiteit van Maastricht, 2007. - 128 p. : ill., tab. ; 23 cm
Met lit. opg. en vragenlijsten.
Geweld
Huiselijk geweld
Onderzoek
Partners
Vrouwen
Groepstherapie
Effectiviteit
PTSD
s8.5 Uit
Yalom, Irvin D.
The theory and practice of group psychotherapy / Irvin D. Yalom ; with Molyn Leszcz. - 5th
ed. - New York, N.Y. : Basic Books, cop. 2005. - xix, 668 p. : tab. ; 24 cm
1st ed.: 1970. - Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-465-09284-5 : œ32.50
ISBN 978-0-465-09284-0 : œ32.50
Groepstherapie
Groepen
Overdracht
Contra-indicaties
Groepsleden
Effectiviteit
Supervisie
Specifieke groepen
Interpersoonlijke theorieën
Casuïstiek
Psychotherapie
s7.2 YAL
Zantinge, Else Marie
Doctor, can you spare some time? : the role of workload in general
practitioners'involvement in patients' mental health problems = Dokter, kunt u wat tijd
missen? : de rol van de werklast van huisartsen in relatie tot hun betrokkenheid bij de
psychische problemen van patiënten / Else Marie Zantinge. - [S.l. : Nivel], 2008. - 185 p. :
ill. ; 24 cm
Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.
Huisartsen
Onderzoek
Psychische problemen
Werkdruk
Proefschriften
Elektronisch beschikbaar
32

Zizolfi, S.
'Roschach … Nuremberg' = Rorschach test from Nazi war criminals attending the
Nuremberg trial / S. Zizolfi and I. Ruata
In: Revue Francophone du stress et du trauma = ISSN 1626-3375: vol. 8 (2008), issue 2
(mai), page 123-129.
Roschach test
Oorlogsmisdadigers
Daders
Persoonlijkheid
Traumatische ervaringen / Traumatic experiences
Bakker, Heilwine A.H.M.
Weerbaarheid voor reddingswerkers : voor professionals die zich inzetten voor orde,
gezondheid en veiligheid / Heilwine A.H.M. Bakker. - Den Haag : SDU Uitgevers, 2007. -
85 p. : ill. ; 21 cm + DVD. - (Handboeken voor de brandweer ; [6-4])
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-12-12522-2
Beroepen
Reddingswerkers
Traumatische ervaringen
Verwerkingsproces
Zelfhulp
s8.4 HEI
Bluglass, Kerry
Hidden from the Holocaust : stories of resilient children who survived and thrived / Kerry
Bluglass ; foreword by Anthony Clare. - Westport, Conn ; London : Praeger, 2003. - xiii,
271 p. : ill. ; 25 cm
Includes bibliographical references (p. [255]-261) and index.
ISBN 0-275-97486-3 : No price : Formerly CIP
Kindoverlevenden
Holocaust
Kinderen
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Onderduikkinderen
Veerkracht
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Oral history
Nederland
Polen
Belgie
Frankrijk
From twins torn away from their family and separated, to a girl shut in a basement,
maltreated and malnourished, the world of Jewish children who were hidden from the
Nazis during the Holocaust becomes painfully clear in this volume. Psychiatrist Bluglass
presents interviews with 15 adults who avoided execution in their childhoods thanks to
being hidden, all of whom have since developed remarkably positive lives.
s8.1.1.BLU
33

Ehlers, A.
A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder / A. Ehlers and D.M. Clark
In: Behaviour research and therapy = ISSN 0005-7967: vol. 38 (2000), issue 4, page 319-
345.
PTSD
Cognitie
Modellen
Overzichtsartikelen
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to traumatic events. Many
people recover in the ensuing months, but in a significant subgroup the symptoms persist,
often for years. A cognitive model of persistence of PTSD is proposed. It is suggested that
PTSD becomes persistent when individuals process the trauma in a way that leads to a
sense of serious, current threat. The sense of threat arises as a consequence of: (1)
excessively negative appraisals of the trauma and/or its sequelae and (2) a disturbance of
autobiographical memory characterised by poor elaboration and contextualization, strong
associative memory and strong perceptual priming. Change in the negative appraisals and
the trauma memory are prevented by a series of problematic behavioural and cognitive
strategies. The model is consistent with the main clinical features of PTSD, helps explain
several apparently puzzling phenomena and provides a framework for treatment by
identifying three key targets for change. Recent studies have provided preliminary support
for several aspects of the model.
KOC
Evidence-
Evidence- en practice-based psychiatrie : themanummer
In:Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie = ISSN 0303 7339: vol. 50 (2008), issue 6, page 311-397.
Evidence Based Practice
Geschiedenis
Evidence Based Medicine
Onderzoek
Themanummer waarin verschillende standpunten over EBM naar voren komen.
s8 EVI
Fairbank, John A.
The epidemiology of trauma and trauma related disorders in children and youth / John A.
Fairbank
In: PTSD Research Quarterly = ISSN 1050 1835 (themanummer): vol. 19 (2008), issue 1,
page 1-3.
Kinderen
PTSD
Epidemiologie
Lange termijn gevolgen
Onderzoek
Foa, Edna B.
Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD : therapist guide : emotional processing of
traumatic experiences / Edna Foa, Elizabeth Hembree, Barbara Rothbaum. - New York ;
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2007. - viii, 146 p. ; 25 cm. - (Treatments that work)
Formerly CIP. - Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-19-530850-6 pbk : œ19.99
34

ISBN 978-0-19-530850-1 pbk : œ19.99
PTSD
Behandeling
Cognitieve therapie
Dit praktijkboek is een therapeutische gids voor hulpverleners die mensen met PTSD
klachten behandelen.In uitgewerkte behandelsessies worden handvatten gegeven (zoals
ademhalingsoefeningen en psycho-educatie) om de cliënt te leren omgaan met de
traumatische gebeurtenis. Hierdoor treedt een daling in de angst- en PTSD-symptomen
op. De behandeling is gebaseerd op de beginselen van Prolonged Exposure Therapy
(PET) en Emotional Processing Theory. Van PET wordt gezegd dat de effectiviteit
bewezen is. De bijlage bevat een formulier voor het afnemen van een interview over de
traumatische gebeurtenis tijdens de eerste sessie. Bij dit boek hoort een werkboek voor
de cliënt.
s8 FOA
Gerwitz, A.
Parenting practices as potential mechanisms for child adjustment following mass trauma /
A. Gerwitz, M. Forgatch and E. Wieling
In: Journal of marital and family therapy: vol. 34 (2008), issue 2, page 177-192.
Ouder-kind relatie
Psychotrauma
Transgenerationele overdracht
Sociale interactie
Ouderschap
Methodiek
Interventies
Behandeling
Trauma research has identified a link between parental adjustment and children's
functioning and the sometimes ensuing intergenerational impact of traumatic events. The
effects of traumatic events on children have been demonstrated to be mediated through
their impact on children's parents. However, until now, little consideration has been given
to the separate and more proximal mechanism of parenting practices as potential
mediators between children's adjustment and traumatic events. To shed some light in this
arena, we review literature on trauma, adversity, and resilience, and discuss how
parenting practices may mediate trauma and adverse environmental contexts. Using a
social interaction learning perspective (Forgatch & Knutson, 2002; Patterson, 2005), we
propose a prevention research framework to examine the role that parenting practices
may play in influencing children's adjustment in the wake of trauma exposure. The article
concludes by providing a specific model and role for evidence-based parenting
interventions for children exposed to mass trauma
IJzermans, Joris
Gevolgen van rampen voor de gezondheid : lessen van de Vuurwerkramp / Joris
IJzermans
In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 4 (2008), issue 1, page 18-24.
Rampen
Vuurwerkramp
Psychosomatiek
Gezondheidszorg
Onderzoek
35

Lange-termijn gevolgen
PTSD
Rampenspecialist Joris IJzermans maakt een rondgang door de recente Nederlandse
geschiedenis waar het rampen betreft. Hij schetst tussen de watersnoodramp en de
Bijlmerramp een mentaliteitsomslag ten aanzien van slachtofferschap en nadien een
professionalisering van de opvang en nazorg. Met name de lessen van de Bijlmerramp
hebben bij navolgende calamiteiten geholpen om de zorg adequaat in te richten, onder
meer door begeleidend onderzoek. Uit dat en vergelijkbaar onderzoek resulteert ook een
overzicht van veel voorkomende psychische problemen en lichamelijke symptomen na
een ramp.
Johnson, H.
The development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in civilian
adult survivors of war trauma and torture: a review / H. Johnson and A. Thompson
In: Clinical psychology review = ISSN 0272-7358: vol. 28 (2008), issue 1, page 36-47.
PTSD
Burger-oorlogsgetroffenen
Martelingen
Overzichtsartikelen
This review provides a comprehensive and critical summary of the literature as to the
development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following civilian
war trauma and torture. Prevalence rates are reviewed and predictors are discussed in
terms of risk factors, protective factors, and factors that maintain PTSD. Most
epidemiologically sound studies found relatively low rates of PTSD. There is good
evidence of a dose-response relationship between cumulative war trauma and torture and
development and maintenance of PTSD. There is also some evidence that female gender
and older age are risk factors in development of PTSD. Some refugee variables may
exacerbate symptoms of PTSD and contribute to their maintenance. Preparedness for
torture, social and family support, and religious beliefs may all be protective against PTSD
following war trauma and torture. Applicability of the concept of PTSD to non-western
populations and areas for much needed further study are discussed.
KOC
Jongedijk, Ruud
De gevolgen van psychotraumatische ervaringen : meer dan PTSS alleen? : sleutelen aan
een concept / Ruud Jongedijk
In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 4 (2008), issue 1, page 13-17.
PTSD
Diagnostiek
Psychotrauma
PTSS, een diagnostisch concept dat ruim 25 jaar geleden juichend werd ontvangen, maar
dat ongeveer even lang ook is bekritiseerd, gewogen en vaak te licht bevonden, met
allerlei hulpconstructies is gestut of juist uitgehold. Psychiater Ruud Jongedijk verkent het
'veld', de discussies en de nieuwe ontwikkelingen nu het PTSS-concept zich opnieuw een
plaats moet verwerven in de nieuwe versie van de psychiaterbijbel, de Diagnostic &
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
36

Kleber, Rolf J.
Weg van het trauma: dilemma's in kennis en toepassing en Trauma: dilemma's in kennis
en toepassing; het symposium voorafgaand aan de oratie. - [S.l] : stichting KTP, 2007. -
36 p. : Ill., foto's. ; 20 cm
Oratie 9 februari 2007. - Lit.opg.: p. 19-21.
Psychotrauma
Determinisme
Emoties
Cultuur
Redes
Symposium
PTSS
Voorspellen
Behandeling
EMDR
Cultuur
Psychobiologie
Hormonen
Cognitieve gedragstherapie
s8 KLE
Labbate, L.A.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms among soldiers exposed to combat in the Persian Gulf /
L.A. Labbate and M.P. Snow
In: Hospital & community psychiatry = ISSN 0022-1597: vol. 43 (1992), issue 8, page 831-
833.
PTSD
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Nachtmerries
Alcoholmisbruik
Gewonden
Eigen vuur (Friendly fire)
KOC
Laramie, J.A.
Post-traumatic stress disorder at the end of life / J.A. Laramie
In: Home healthcare nurse = ISSN 0884-741X: vol. 25 (2007), issue 5, page 293-298.
PTSD
Ouderen
Overzichtsartikelen
KOC
Liempt, S. van
Slaapafwijkingen bij posttraumatische stressstoornis: overzicht van
onderzoeksbevindingen / S. van Liempt, E. Vermetten, J.H.M. de Groen and H.G.M.
Westenberg
In: Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie = ISSN 0303 7339: vol. 49 (2007), issue 9, page 629-638.
PTSD
Slaapstoornissen
37

Nachtmerries
Overzichtsartikelen
Achtergrond: Nachtmerries en insomniaklachten komen voor bij 70% van de patiënten
met een posttraumatische stressstoornissen (PTSS). Deze slaapklachten zijn vaak lastig
te behandelen terwijl de lijdensdruk groot is. De laatste decennia is een aantal
onderzoeken uitgevoerd naar slaapafwijkingen bij PTSS-patiënten. Doel: Dit artikel geeft
een overzicht van objectieve kenmerken - in tegenstelling tot zelfbeoordelingsmethoden -
van slaap bij PTSS-patiënten. Methode: Artikelen gepubliceerd in peer reviewed journals
vanaf 1980 tot heden werden verzameld uit Medline en Embase met behulp van de
zoektermen 'PTSD', 'sleep', 'nightmares', 'insomnia', 'polysomnography'. Resultaten:
Afwijkingen van slaapefficiëntie, arousalregultatie, remslaap, deltaslaap en
bewegingsonrust tijdens de slaap worden genoemd. Daarnaast wordt een correlatie
beschreven tussen nachtmerries en slaapapnoes bij PTSS. In een aantal onderzoeken
worden juist geen afwijkingen gevonden tijdens de slaap bij PTSS. Onderzoeken naar
slaapafwijkingen bij PTSS zijn veelal uitgevoerd in kleine of heterogene groepen en de
resultaten zijn daarom mogelijk niet consistent. Echter, ook resultaten van grote, meer
homogene onderzoeken zijn niet altijd met elkaar in overeenstemming. Conclusie: Er is
een discrepantie tussen de klinische relevantie van slaapklachten bij PTSS en eenduidige
objectieve slaapafwijkingen. In de toekomst moeten afwijkingen nader geïdentificeerd
worden om klachten te verklaren en therapeutische behandelmogelijkheden te kunnen
ontwikkelen.
KOC
Miller, L.J.
Prazosin for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder sleep disturbances / L.J. Miller
In: Pharmacotherapy = ISSN 0277-0008: vol. 28 (2008), issue 5, page 656-666.
PTSD
Slaapstoornissen
Behandeling
Psychofarmaca
An estimated 70-87% of patients who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
experience sleep disruption. These patients have distressing dreams or nightmares in
which the traumatic event is reexperienced, and they also have difficulty in falling or
staying asleep. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the treatment of choice for
PTSD, but with the exception of fluvoxamine, they are often ineffective or only partially
effective for sleep problems. Sedative-hypnotics may be helpful in the short term but are
associated with tolerance and addiction potential. In the central nervous system, alpha(1)adrenergic
receptors are known to be important in both the startle and sleep responses.
Stimulation of these receptors may contribute to PTSD-related trauma-content
nightmares. Prazosin, a highly lipophilic alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor blocker that is
traditionally used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia, has been shown
to decrease the occurrence of trauma nightmares in both combat veterans and patients
with non-combat-related PTSD. The available data, although mostly from open-label trials,
suggest that this agent also improves sleep quality and patients' sense of wellbeing and
ability to function in daily activities. The optimum dose is unknown; however, a doserelated
response appears to be evident. Clinicians should monitor for orthostatic
hypotension, usually seen early in therapy, when prazosin is started in patients with
PTSD.
KOC
38

Minnen, Agnes van
Wie durft? : tien misverstanden over exposure bij de behandeling van PTSS-patiënten /
Agnes van Minnen. - [S.l. : s.n.], 2008 (Nijmegen : Thieme MediaCenter). - 22 p. ; 24 cm
Inaugurele rede Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.
ISBN 978-90-9023133-4
Exposure
PTSD
Psychotherapie
Angststoornissen
Behandeling
Redes
Exposure
PTSD
Psychotherapie
Angststoornissen
Behandeling
Redes
s8 MIN
Peres, Julio F.P.
Traumatic memories : bridging the gap between funcional neuroimaging and
psychotherapy / Julio F.P. Peres, Alexander McFarlane, Antonia G. Nasello and Kathryn
A. Moores
In: In: Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0004-8674: vol. 42 (2008),
issue 6, page 487-489.
Traumatische herinneringen
Geheugen
PTSD
Psychotherapie
Neurologie
Traumatic memories are diagnostic symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
and the dual representation theory posits separate memory systems subserving vivid reexperiencing
(non-hippocampally dependent) versus declarative autobiographical
memories of trauma (hippocampally dependent). But the psychopathological signs of
trauma are not static over time, nor is the expression of traumatic memories. Multiple
memory systems are activated simultaneously and in parallel on various occasions.
Neural circuitry interaction is a crucial aspect in the development of a psychotherapeutic
approach that may favour an integrative translation of the sensory fragments of the
traumatic memory into a declarative memory system. Conclusion: The relationship
between neuroimaging findings and psychological approaches is discussed for greater
efficacy in the treatment of psychologically traumatized patients.
Pomeroy, W.L.
Trauma, regression, and recovery / W.L. Pomeroy
In: Transactional Analysis Journal = ISSN 0362-1537: vol. 28 (1998), issue 4, page 331-
340.
Psychotrauma
Behandeling
Regressietherapie
39

This article explores the relationship between trauma and regression and suggests that
regression is a consequence of trauma. A model is presented that describes human
responses to trauma. The model provides an alternative for conceptualizing ego states,
games, symbiosis, and regression by comparing ego states with neuropsychology. The
process of recovery from catastrophic trauma is discussed, including the role of regressive
therapy.
KOC
Pomeroy, W.L.
A working model for trauma: the relationship between trauma and violence / W.L.
Pomeroy
In: Pre- and Peri-natal Psychology Journal = ISSN 1097-8003: vol. 10 (1995), issue 2,
page 89-101.
Psychotrauma
Geweld
Verwerking
Methoden en technieken
Presents a working model to explain the relationship between trauma and violence
suggests ways for dealing with them. Traumatized people choose violence to resolve their
future conflicts and stress. Conversely, violence also leads to traumatic reactions. There
are 3 resources which ensure trauma survival: Relational level (identity, power, autonomy,
safety, connection, trust, boundaries and grounding), limbic level (fight, flee or freeze
reflexes), and shock reflex level (rage, terror and numbness). The 3 categories of trauma
responses include transformation and operating resource levels, rigid fundamentalist self
and projecting out the unresolved traumas into interactions with the world, and fragmented
self, involving rage, anxiety and numbness. Therapeutic processes focus on reconnecting
clients to their lost resources and functional relational self so that their reliance on rigid
fundamentalist, antisocial or destructive strategies is reduced.
KOC
Regeer, Leo
Over angst, geweld en terrorisme. Vanuit de Radar methode Regeer, angst regeert de
politiek / Leo Regeer
In: Tijdschrift voor Agressie Preventie = ISSN 1872-6534: vol. 2 (2008), issue 4, page 6-
10.
Terrorisme
Geweld
Angst
Agressie
Methoden en technieken
Radar methode Regeer
Interventies
Preventie
Interventies en preventie vanuit de Radar methode Regeer bij terrorisme, angst en
geweld. Professioneel omgaan met (dreigend) terrorisme vanuit de Radar methode
Regeer. Definities en kenmerken van hevige angst en voorbeelden van
gedragskenmerken terrorisme in Radarniveaus.
40

Rinne, Thomas
The neuro-endocrine scars of sustained childhood abuse in adult female patients with
borderline personality disorder / Thomas Rinne. - [S.l. : s.n.] ; Amsterdam : Universiteit
van Amsterdam [Host], cop. 2002. - 125 p : ill
Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. - Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het
Nederlands.
ISBN 90-9015816-2
Borderline
Psyhiatrie
Endocrinologie
Serotonine
Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen
Vrouwen
Psychotrauma
Kindermishandeling
Psychofarmaca
Antidepressiva
Rinne deed tien jaar lang onderzoek naar de effecten van jeugdtrauma's onder patiënten
met een borderline persoonlijkheidsstoornis. Een traumatische jeugd blijkt een sterke
risicofactor om later een borderline-persoonlijkheid te ontwikkelen. Zestig procent van de
borderliners is als kind langdurig mishandeld of seksueel misbruikt. Rinne onderzocht de
neuroendocriene veranderingen en het effect van SSRI's met betrekking tot de
normalisering van deze neuroendocriene veranderingen en de verbetering van de
borderline-persoonlijkheidsstoornis.
s8.5 RIN
Soir, Erik De
Stress en trauma bij de politie / Erik De Soir, Patrick Van den Steene, Frédéric
Daubechies. - Antwerpen ; Apeldoorn : Maklu, 2007. - 246 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (Politie
praktijk boeken)
Ook verschenen in het Frans o.d.t.: Stress et trauma au milieu policier. - Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-466-0057-3
CONTENTS
Monografie met een overzicht van de literatuur over stress en trauma om zich nadien te
richten op het domein van de psychotraumatologie en de principes van de eerste
psychologische ondersteuning.
Stress
Politie
Preventie
Nazorg
s8 SOI
Spitzer, Carsten
Childhood maltreatment in patients with somatization disorder / Carsten Spitzeret al.
In: In: Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0004-8674: vol. 42 (2008),
issue 4, page 335-341.
Psychosomatiek
Seksueel geweld
Kindermishandeling
Lange termijn gevolgen
41

Onderzoek
There is converging evidence indicating a close association between trauma, particularly
childhood trauma, and adult somatization, but studies using both structured interviews and
self-report measures to assess childhood adversities in patients with somatization disorder
are scarce. Methods: A total of 28 patients (82% women, mean age=41.7± «10.1years)
meeting DSM-IV criteria for somatization disorder as confirmed by the Structured Clinical
Interview for DSM-IV, Axis I (SCID-I) underwent the Structured Trauma Interview (STI)
and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The comparison group consisted of 28
patients with major depression, but without a lifetime diagnosis of somatization disorder
matched for gender and age. Results: Univariate analyses of both the STI and the CTQ
data showed that somatizing patients had been exposed to childhood sexual and physical
abuse significantly more often than major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. In logistic
regression analysis with somatization disorder as the dependent variable, sexual abuse
emerged as the only significant predictor, and the odds of having been sexually abused
were ninefold higher in patients with somatization disorders relative to MDD subjects
(odds ratio=9.39; 95% confidence interval=1.73-50.96). There were no differences
between somatizing and depressed participants with respect to other types of
maltreatment. Conclusion: Childhood sexual abuse is an important factor in the
multifactorial aetiopathogenesis of somatization disorder. Diagnostic and therapeutic
implications are discussed.
Wessa, Michèle
Failure of extinction of fear responses in Posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence from
second-order conditioning / Michèle Wessa, 3001
In: American Journal of Psychiatry = ISSN 0002-953x: vol. 164 (2007), issue 11
(november), page 1684-1692.
PTSD
Traumatische ervaringen
Second-order conditioning
Behandeling
Methoden en technieken
Onderzoek
PTSD is characterized by the re-experiencing of a traumatic event, although the trauma
itself occurred in the past. The extinction of the traumatic response might be impeded if
trauma reminders maintain fear responses by their association with the original trauma
through second-order conditioning.
PTSD / general PTSD
Bodkin, J. Alexander
Is PTSD caused by traumatic stress? / J. Alexander Bodkin, Harrison G. Pope, Michael J.
Detke, James I. Hudson
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 176-182.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Psychotrauma
Depressie
Diagnostiek
Etiologie
42

Sequential subjects (N=103) presenting for pharmacologic treatment of major depression
were examined prior to treatment for history of traumatic experiences. Subjects were also
examined for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two blinded raters
subsequently judged whether subjects' experiences met DSM-IV criteria for trauma
(criterion A of PTSD). Among 54 subjects scored by both raters as having experienced
trauma, 42 (78%) met all other DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Among 36 subjects scored by
both raters as not having experienced trauma, 28 displayed all other DSM-IV criteria for
PTSD--also a rate of 78%. This equivalence suggests that in a treatment-seeking
population, caution should be exercised in attributing the PTSD syndrome to trauma.
Bryant, Richard A.
Does dissociation further our understanding of PTSD? / Richard A. Bryant
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 183-191.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Dissociatie
Acute stress stoornis
Peritrauma
Peritraumatic dissociation, and other dissociative reactions, refer to alterations in
awareness in the context of a traumatic experience. This review provides an overview of
the current conceptualization of dissociation, critiques methodological approaches to
studying dissociation, and reviews the evidence for the purported relationship between
dissociative reactions and posttraumatic stress disorder. The evidence challenges the
notion that a linear relationship exists between dissociation and psychiatric morbidity.
Future research should abandon the global construct of dissociation, and study the
specific responses that involve altered awareness under experimental conditions.
Casey, P.
The imperative in PTSD: integrating biology and clinical practice / P. Casey
In: Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine = ISSN 0790-9667: vol. 21 (2004), issue 1,
page 4-5.
PTSD
Diagnostiek
Neurobiologie
This article discusses the neurobiology of, controversies surrounding, recall bias in,
diagnosis of and malingering in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
KOC
Coyne, James C.
Posttraumatic stress syndromes: useful or negative heuristics? / James C. Coyne, Richard
Thompson
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 223-229.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Acute stress stoornis
Dissociatie
Nosologie
Onderzoek
Wetenschap
43

The articles in this special issue provide a wide range of challenges to current
conceptions, nosology, and assessment procedures for posttraumatic stress disorders. At
best, they overcome the negative heuristic posed by these disorders, reopening issues
that have preemptively been closed about dissociation, the presumed causal connection
between a life threatening event and the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorders, and
the adequacy of checklist assessments of symptoms. They note discontinuities between
current thinking about these disorders and the dominant thinking of the past. We make
recommendations for more studies that similarly challenge the validity of current
conceptions of posttraumatic disorders and dissociation, and the adequacy of checklist
assessments of symptoms. With this goal, we note the value of studying ersatz
posttraumatic stress response. Finally, we call for greater transparency in this literature
with author disclosure of activity as expert witnesses.
Damiani, Carole
La haine et le trauma ou felix culpa = hate and trauma ou felix culpa / Carole Damiani
In: Revue Francophone du stress et du trauma = ISSN 1626-3375: vol. 8 (2008), issue 2
(mai), page 94-102.
Haat
Schuldgevoelens
PTSD
Behandeling
Agressie
Psychical trauma can trigger hate-induced behaviours and affects, mainly when it results
from an intentionally committed transgressive act such as an aggression or rape. We must
differentiate the traumatized subjects with only a transitory hate from those clinging to it
permanently. We must also then identify the origins of this hate, such as the breaking of
social links, the psychical distress experience and the 'passivation' and the lack of guilt.
These distinctions influence the posttraumatic therapeutic technique, which will rely on the
verbal expression of hate, traumatisms identification, depressive position elaboration and
groupal casing restoration.
Jones, Edgar
A paradigm shift in the conceptualization of psychological trauma in the 20th century /
Edgar Jones, Simon Wessely
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 164-175.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Psychotrauma
Shell schock
Neurosen
Ziektewinst
Lange-termijn effecten
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Vietnam
The inclusion of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-III in 1980 represented a
paradigm shift in the conceptualisation of post-trauma illness. Hitherto, a normal
psychological reaction to a terrifying event was considered short-term and reversible.
Long-term effects, characterized as "traumatic neurosis", were regarded as abnormal.
Enduring symptoms were explained in terms of hereditary predisposition, early
maladaptive experiences or a pre-existing psychiatric disorder. The event served merely
44

as a trigger to something that existed or was waiting to emerge. Secondary gain, the
benefits often but not solely financial that a person derived as a result of being ill, was
considered the principal cause of any observed failure to recover. The recognition of
PTSD reflected a diversion from the role of the group, in particular the "herd instinct",
towards a greater appreciation of the individual's experience. From being the responsibility
of the subject, traumatic illness became an external imposition and possibly a universal
response to a terrifying and unexpected event. This shift from predisposition to the
characteristics of the event itself reduced guilt and blame, while the undermining of
secondary gain made it easier to award financial compensation.
McHugh, Paul M.
PTSD: A problematic diagnostic category / Paul M. McHugh, Glenn Treisman
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 211-222.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Stress
Dissociatie
Diagnostiek
Combat fatigue
Neurosen
Vietnam
Since the publication of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-III,
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become a remarkably dominant theme in
mental health discourse and diagnostic practice. This development has been encouraged
by the diagnosis being officially presumed to exist in acute, chronic, delayed, complex,
subdromal, and even "masked" forms. Here, we present an historical and clinical review
that indicates how, since 1980, the term PTSD (along with its dubious embellishments)
replaced established views on mental responses to trauma to the detriment of patient care
and psychiatric investigation. From this historical perspective, we review and evaluate the
natural course of emotional and behavioral reactions to traumatic experiences, and as well
their assessment, formulation, and therapeutic management in both civilian and military
situations. From this we conclude that the concept of PTSD has moved the mental health
field away from, rather than towards a better understanding of the natural psychological
responses to trauma. A return to prior standards of diagnostic practice and therapeutic
planning would greatly benefit patient care, rehabilitative services to veterans, and
epidemiologic research.
Rosen, Gerald M.
Editorial: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database: The importance of scientific
debate / Gerald M. Rosen, B. Christopher Frueh
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 161-163.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Diagnostiek
Statistieken
Methoden en technieken
Hulpverlening
A special issue in the Journal of Anxiety Disorders on "Challenges to the PTSD construct
and its database" comes at a time when the field of traumatic stress is reexamining itself
and scholars are debating the validity of basic assumptions. Some have suggested that
45

scientific debate concerning PTSD can be opposed to the interests of victims and to those
who suffer the effects of severe trauma. Yet, scientific methods, and associated critiques,
provide the best way to advance our knowledge, so that professionals can provide
accurate information, sound advice, and non-harmful interventions to those in need.
Spitzer, Robert L.
Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-V / Robert L. Spitzer, Michael B. First, Jerome C.
Wakefield
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 233-241.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
DSM
Acute stress stoornis
Diagnostiek
Papers in this special issue of the Journal of Anxiety Disorders concern critical issues and
core assumptions that underlie the diagnostic construct of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Rather than addressing specific points raised in these papers, we consider the issues and
their implications for redefining PTSD and associated disorders in the DSM-V. Specific
proposals are advanced to tighten definitional criteria for traumatic events and
posttraumatic symptoms. We believe the more stringent criteria express the intent of the
PTSD category and will promote more effective research on whether that intent was
legitimate or based on misconceptions.
Young, Allan
Trouble memories: reflections on the future / Allan Young, Naomi Breslau
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 230-232.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Traumatische ervaringen
Herinneringen
DSM
As represented in the DSMs, the PTSD syndrome coheres through cause and effect
relations among diagnostic features. Research practices routinely ignore this essential
characteristic, by atomizing the diagnostic features, especially the role of memory. The
failure to confront this contradiction explains the failure of research to fully engage the
pathological process that justifies the PTSD diagnostic classification. Several papers in
this collection direct readers' attention to this fundamental problem. We are pessimistic
that their insight will lead to positive results.
Behandeling / Treatment
Beek, Fiet van
Werken met levensverhalen en levensboeken : praktische handleiding voor begeleiders /
Fiet van Beek en Martin Schuurman. - Houten : Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, 2007. - 242 p.
; 25 cm Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-313-5170-1
CONTENTS
Theoretische en praktische achtergrondinformatie over het werken met levensverhalen in
verschillende sectoren van de zorgverlening.
Levensverhalen
46

Hulpverlening
Praktijkboeken
Onderwijsleermiddelen
Dit boek bevat drie onderdelen: 1. Achtergronden en basisprincipes, 2. Werken met
levensverhalen en levensboeken in de praktijk en 3. Voorbeelden uit de praktijk (de
Jeugdzorg, Verstandelijke Gehandicapten, GGZ en Ouderenzorg.)
s7 BEE
Blokland-Vos, Judith
Je vak in schema's. Deel 1: Vaktherapie binnen een kader van schematherapie / Judith
Blokland-Vos, Greta Günther, Connie van Mook
In: Tijdschrift voor vaktherapie = ISSN 1871-5052: vol. 4 (2008), issue 2, page 17-23.
Creatieve therapie
Dramatherapie
Psychomotorische therapie
Beeldende therapie
Schematherapie
Methoden en technieken
Behandeling
Hoe werk je als vaktherapeut concreet met schematherapie. In deel 1 wordt vanuit de drie
disciplines dramatherapie, psychomotorische therapie en beeldende therapie de theorie
van schematherapie in verband gebracht met vaktherapie.
Bot, Hanneke
Babel in behandeling : groepstherapie met asielzoekers, vluchtelingen en tolken /
Hanneke Bot en Frits van Hest
In: MgV = ISSN 0024 8576: vol. 63 (2008), issue 5, page 388-399.
Groepstherapie
Tolken
Hulpverleners
Vluchtelingen
Bot, Hanneke
Meertalige groepstherapie met tolken : deel 2 / Hanneke Bot en Frits van Hest
In: Groepen :tijdschrift voor groepsdynamica en groepstherapie = ISSN 1871-1146: vol. 3
(2008), issue 2, page 21-36.
Groepstherapie
Tolken
Grenzen
Valkuilen
Farr, A
Religion, spirituality, and medicine: psychiatrists' and other physicians' differing
observations, interpretations, and clinical approaches / A Farr, M.D. Curlin en meerdere
auteurs...[et al.]
In: The American Journal of Psychiatry = ISSN 0002-953x: vol. 164 (2007), issue 12
(december), page 1825-1831.
Religie
Spiritualiteit
Welzijn
47

Gezondheid
Psychiatrie
Behandeling
Onderzoek
This study compared the ways in which psychiatrists and nonpsychiatrists interpret the
relationship between religion/spirituality and health and address religion/spirituality issues
in the clinical encounter.
Guide
A guide to treatments that work / ed. by Peter E. Nathan, Jack M. Gorman. - 3rd [ext. rev.]
ed. - Oxford [etc.] : Oxford University Press, 2007. - XXV, 758 p. : ill. ; 26 cm
Oorspr. uitg.: 1998. - Met lit. opg. en index.
ISBN 0-19-530414-4
ISBN 978-0-19-530414-5
PTSD
Behandeling
Therapieën
Psychiatrie
Psychotherapie
Gedragstherapie
Psychofarmaca
Psychische stoornissen
Depressie
Dementie
Handboek
s8 GUI
Gomperts, Wouter
De verdubbeling van de wereld : weerstand in de therapie bij tweedegeneratie
migratiegerelateerde identiteitsproblematiek / Wouter Gomperts
In: Tijdschrift voor psychoanalyse = ISSN 1382 516x: vol. 14 (2008), issue 2, page 83-96.
Identiteit
Migranten
Tweede generatie
Casuïstiek
Psychoanalyse
Hout, Ingrid van den
Als de nood hoog is, is de aandacht nabij : Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction voor
getraumatiseerde vluchtelingen / Ingrid van/den Hout en Pauline van Zon
In: CMG = ISSN 1572-5073: (2007), issue 3, page 130-140.
Mindfullness
Vluchtelingen
Methodiek
Psychotrauma
Effecten
Meditatie
Psycho-educatie
Mindfulness als therapeutische methodiek is in opkomst. Een training op dit gebied is de
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). In Nederland wordt het stressreductie door
48

aandachttraining genoemd. Bij Equator, behandelprogramma voor getraumatiseerde
vluchtelingen en asielzoekers van het AMC de Meren in Amsterdam, wordt voor deze
doelgroep een aangepaste vorm van MBSR ontwikkeld
Vamos, Marina
Case Report: Survivor guilt and chronic illness / Marina Vamos
In: Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0004-8674: vol. 31 (1997),
issue 4, page 592-596.
Ziekteverschijnselen
Comorbiditeit
Overlevingsschuld
Behandeling
To examine the grief reactions that may result in patients after a death occurs within a
treatment setting for chronic illness, and in particular to look at the applicability of the
concept of survivor guilt in these situations. Clinical picture: Two patients with endstage
renal disease are described. Both presented states of pathological grief for fellow patients.
Vulnerability existed in both patients in terms of previous unresolved mourning and in
terms of strong feelings of comradeship with the dead patients. Both demonstrated
features reminiscent of what has been termed the 'survivor syndrome'. Treatment: The
treatment involved supportive psychotherapy allowing exploration of grief and its
relationship to current psychosomatic crises. Outcome: Supportive psychotherapy
successfully aided the resolution in one patient and made some difference in the other.
Conclusion: The impact of death within a treatment unit is emphasised. Surviving patients
may have significant distress relating to such bereavement and may need appropriate
intervention.
Van den Bossche, Daan
Developmental Transformations. Kennismaking met en implementatie van een
dramatherapiemethode / Daan Van den Bossche, Marjo Baars
In: Tijdschrift voor vaktherapie = ISSN 1871-5052: vol. 4 (2008), issue 2, page 3-8.
Creatieve therapie
Dramatherapie
Methoden en technieken
Developmental Transformations
Supervisie
Dit artikel introduceert de methode en de voornaamste basiprincipes van Developmental
Transformations. Dit is een op improvisatie gebaseerde methode, waarbij spel ontstaat via
spontaan opkomende bewegingen, geluiden, woorden, beelden en scènes die volgens het
proces van de vrije associatie voortdurend worden getransformeerd. Het gaat in op de
hier-en-nu interacties tussen therapeut en cliënt. De methode is breed inzetbaar: van
stemmingsstoornissen, persoonlijkheidsstoornissen, gedragsstoornissen, trauma tot
schizofrenie.
Kinderen / Children
Lakho, Hameeda
Geheim geweld / Hameeda Lakho ; [in samenw. met Siska Mulder ... et al.]. - [Amsterdam]
: Arena, cop. 2005. - 236 p. ; 24 cm
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 90-6974-712-X
49

Via dit boek over haar persoonlijke ervaringen met kindermishandeling (zij werd als kind
jarenlang ernstig mishandeld door haar vader en stiefmoeder) en kindermishandeling in
het algemeen, vraagt de Pakistaans-Nederlandse auteur om meer aandacht voor en en
openheid over kindermishandeling.
Kindermishandeling
Kinderen
Egodocumenten
Persoonlijke ervaringen van Pakistaans-Nederlandse vrouw die in haar jeugd door haar
vader werd mishandeld. Zij vertelt wat er gebeurde, wat de mishandeling met haar heeft
gedaan en hoe ze er mee omgaat.
s8.5 LAK
Nader, Kathleen
Understanding and assessing trauma in children and adolescents : measures, methods,
and youth in context / Kathleen Nader. - New York [etc.] : Routledge, cop. 2008. - XVII,
562 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (Psychosocial stress ; 35)
Met lit. opg. en index.
ISBN 0-415-96073-8
ISBN 978-0-415-96073-1
Psychotrauma
Kinderen
Adolescenten
Psychiatrie
Psychopathologie
Comorbiditeit
Veerkracht
Methoden en technieken
Diagnostiek
s8 NAD
Perry, Bruce D.
De jongen die opgroeide als hond en andere verhalen uit de praktijk van een
kinderpsychiater / Bruce D. Perry & Maia Szalavitz ; [vert. uit het Engels: Marie-Christine
Ruijs]. - Schiedam : Scriptum, cop. 2007. - 293 p. ; 21 cm. - (Scriptum psychologie)
Vert. van: The boy who was raised as a dog and other stories from a psychiatrist's
notebook : what traumatized children can teach us about life. loss and healing. - New York
: Basic Books, 2007. - Met lit. opg., index.
ISBN 978-90-5594-529-0
Kindermishandeling
Behandeling
Verhalen
Casuistiek
Psychotrauma
Veerkracht
Psychiatrie
Traumatische ervaringen
Hersenen
Empathie
Kinderpsychiater Perry geeft in dit boek inzicht in wat traumatische ervaringen kunnen
doen met kinderen. Hij bespreekt wat hij de verschillende kinderen aan behandeling heeft
50

geboden en wat volgens hem de voorwaarden zijn voor bijvoorbeeld de ontwikkeling van
inlevingsvermogen. Perry gaat ook in op de effecten van mishandeling op de hersenen
van het kind.
s8.5 PER
Samen
Samen spelen. Samen helen! Dramatherapie ter preventie van psychopathologie bij
kinderen die getuigen zijn geweest van een grootschalige schokkende gebeurtenis / L.
Hendrickx. - [s.n. ; s.l.], 2008. - 60 p. ; 30 cm
Met vragenlijsten. - Opleiding creatieve (drama)therapie, Hogeschool Zuyd Heerlen,
Faculteit Gezondheid en Zorg. - Met lit. opg..
Kinderen
Traumatische ervaringen
Stress-reacties
Psychosociale hulpverlening
Preventie
Cultuur
Creatieve therapie
Dramatherapie
Methoden en technieken
Werkvormen
Scripties
s7.2 HEN-I
Geen uitleen
51

Ouderen / Elderly
King, Deborah A.
Het ontstaan van 'gezinsintegriteit' op latere leeftijd / Deborah A. King
In: Gezinstherapie wereldwijd = ISSN 1566-0206: vol. 18 (2007), issue 1, page 1-34.
Levensfasen
Volwassenen
Ouderen
Gezinnen
Families
Relaties
Transformatie
Zingeving
Hulpverlening
Onderzoek
In dit artikel wordt het concept 'gezinsintegriteit' geïntroduceerd, dat verwijst naar de
uiteindelijke positieve uitkomst van het streven van ouderen naar zingeving, binding en
continuïteit binnen hun multigenerationele gezin. Objectief gezien, op het niveau van
waarneembare relationele processen, komt dit aan het licht in drie onderling
samenhangende competenties van het gezin als systeem: 1. de transformatie van relaties
in de loop van de tijd op een manier die dynamisch is en reageert op de veranderende
behoeften in de levenscyclus van individuele gezinsleden; 2. het oplossen en aanvaarden
van eerdere verliezen of gezinsconflicten, zowel met overlevenden als de levenden; 3.
gezamenlijke zingeving door individueel erfgoed en dat van het gezin en tussen
generaties door te geven. Met casussen en voorbeeldvragen om de gezinsintegriteit te
beoordelen.
Langen, Monique de
Muziek op maat: werken met muziek in de psychogeriatrie / Monique de Langen
In: Denkbeeld = ISSN 0926-7182: vol. 19 (2007), issue 6 (december), page 26-28.
Ouderen
Dementie
Psychogeriatrie
Muziektherapie
Voorkeursmuziek
Hulpverleners
Mantelzorgers
Vragenlijsten
Muziek kan van grote invloed zijn op het welbevinden van ouderen met dementie. Hoe zit
het met de muzikale wensen en voorkeuren van ouderen? Monique de Langen
onderzocht hoe hulpverleners en mantelzorgers de voorkeursmuziek van dementerende
ouderen kunnen achterhalen en hiervan gebruik kunnen maken.
52

Rampen - ongelukken / Disasters - accidents
Kilpatrick en meerdere auteurs, Dean G.
The serotonin transporter genotype and social support and moderation of posttraumatic
stress disorder and depression in hurricane-exposed adults / Dean G. Kilpatrick en
meerdere auteurs[et al.]
In: The American Journal of Psychiatry = ISSN 0002-953x: vol. 164 (2007), issue 11
(november), page 1693-1699.
Rampen
PTSD
Depressie
Volwassenen
Erfelijkheid
Onderzoek
Disasters are associated with increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
major depression, but no study, to the authors' knowledge, has determined whether
genotype interacts with disaster exposure and social support to moderate risk of these
phenotypes. The authors tested the hypothesis that a polymorphism in the serotonin
transporter gene (locus, SLC6A4; variant, serotonin 5-HTTLPR) moderates risk of
posthurricane PTSD and major depression given high hurricane exposure and low social
support. Method: The authors interviewed a household probability sample of adults 6-9
months after the 2004 hurricanes about hurricane exposure, social support, and posthurricane
PTSD and major depression. DNA was collected from a subset of participants.
Participants were 589 adults ages 18 and older from 38 Florida counties who provided
valid DNA samples. Outcome measures were DSM-IV diagnoses of post-hurricane PTSD
and major depression derived from structured interviews. Results: The low-expression
variant of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism increased risk of post-hurricane PTSD and major
depression but only under the conditions of high hurricane exposure and low social
support after adjustment for sex, ancestry (as determined by Bayesian clustering of
genotypes), and age. Similar effects were found for major depression. High-risk
individuals (high hurricane exposure, the low-expression 5-HTTLPR variant, low social
support) were at 4.5 times the risk of developing PTSD and major depression of low-risk
individuals. Conclusions: The low-expression variant of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism
modifies risk of postdisaster PTSD and major depression under conditions of high
hurricane exposure and low social support, confirming and extending previous research.
(Seksueel) geweld / (Sexual) violence
Klonsky, E. David
Childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury: meta-analysis / E. David Klonsky,
3001
In: The British Journal of Psychiatry = ISSN 0007-1250: vol. 192 (2008), page 166-170.
Seksueel geweld
Kinderen
Zelfverwonding
Volwassenen
Onderzoek
A meta-analysis was conducted to determine systematically the magnitude of the
association between childhood sexual abuse and the self-injurious behaviour.
53

Veteranen / Veterans
Aiken, L.J.
Memories of three wars: a nurse's story / L.J. Aiken
In: Critical care nursing clinics of North America = ISSN 0899-5885: vol. 20 (2008), issue
1, page 67-71.
Verpleegsters
Vietnam
Golfoorlog
Irak
Persoonlijke ervaringen
This is the personal story of a civilian critical care nurse who has worked for several
decades with war casualties. It begins with her memories of the Vietnam era and her
reflections on that war. It then describes how the National Naval Medical Center in
Bethesda, Maryland, prepared for the Desert Storm War and continues through the
current war in Iraq. The article provides a glimpse of a long and meaningful nursing career
and expresses the joy and satisfaction of caring for the wounded warriors of today's
conflict.
KOC
Al-Turkait, F.A.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among wives of Kuwaiti veterans of the first Gulf War / F.A.
Al-Turkait and J.U. Ohaeri
In: Journal of anxiety disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 22 (2007), issue 1, page 18-31.
PTSD
Militairen
Partners
Golfoorlog
Koeweit
Diagnostiek
OBJECTIVES: To assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among wives of Gulf War
Kuwaiti military men, divided into four groups according to degree of combat exposure: the
retired, an active-in-the-army group (AIA) (involved in duties at the rear); an in-battle group
(IB) (involved in combat); and a prisoners-of-war (POWs) group. To assess the
relationship between wives' PTSD and indices of family adjustment, husbands' level of
combat exposure, and PTSD status. METHOD: One hundred and seventy-six wives were
assessed with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV, the family adjustment device, and for
anxiety/depression. RESULTS: Fifty (28.4%) fulfilled criteria for probable PTSD. The
prevalence was significantly associated with husbands' combat exposure, her presence in
Kuwait, but not with husbands' PTSD status. Wives' PTSD was mostly predicted by their
depression/anxiety scores. CONCLUSION: The findings support the salience of effective
social support, and the need for women empowerment issues in psychosocial intervention
for this group.
KOC
Al-Turkait, F.A.
Prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder among Kuwaiti military men
according to level of involvement in the first Gulf War / F.A. Al-Turkait and J.U. Ohaeri
In: Depression and anxiety = ISSN 1091-4269: (2007) (oct).
54

PTSD
Militairen
Golfoorlog
Koeweit
Diagnostiek
First, to compare the prevalence and intensity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
among Kuwaiti military men, divided into four groups (50 subjects each) according to
degree of exposure to war trauma: (1) the retired (retired before the invasion); (2) an
active-in-the-army group (AIA) (involved in duties at the rear only); (3) an in-battle (IB)
group (involved in combat); and (4) prisoners of war (POWs-captured during combat).
Second, to compare the severity of impact of event, comorbid depression, and anxiety
among the groups. Third, to evaluate the contribution of self-esteem and locus of control
(LOC). Subjects were interviewed once, 6 years after the war, using: the Clinician
Administered PTSD Scale; the Impact of Event Scale (IES); the Hopkins Symptom
Checklist-25; the Internal-External LOC; and The Self-Esteem Scale. Subjects were aged
24-71 years (mean 37.9). Sixty-three subjects (31.5%) fulfilled criteria for PTSD, with the
rate significantly higher among the POWs (48%) than the retired (24%) and IB (22%),
reflecting the severity of IES. Avoidance symptoms were the most pronounced. Selfesteem
was significantly lowest among the POWs and those with PTSD. External LOC
was associated with PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Self-esteem was the only covariate
of PTSD scores. LOC was a significant covariate for anxiety. The characteristics of PTSD
in these veterans showed similarity with those from elsewhere. The prominence of selfesteem
and avoidance symptoms implies that they should be part of focus for
interventions. Focus on LOC should be from the perspective of anxiety.
KOC
Ambler, D.M.
Military families: opportunities and challenges / D.M. Ambler
In: North Carolina medical journal = ISSN 0029-2559: vol. 69 (2008), issue 1, page 59-61.
Gezinnen
Militairen
Hulpverlening
KOC
Andres, M.
Uitzendervaringen van partners / M. Andres en R. Moelker
In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 30 (2007), issue 7-8, page 15-19.
Thuisfront
Militairen
Partners
Kinderen
Thuisfrontzorg is een heel bijzonder stukje personeelszorg. Het is belangrijk dat partners
hun militairen op uitzending een hart onder de riem steken, maar even belangrijk is het dat
het met de thuisblijvers ook goed gaat, want zij hebben het soms nog zwaarder dan de
uitgezonden militairen.
KOC
Ang, D.C.
Predictors of incident chronic widespread pain among veterans following the First Gulf
War / D.C. Ang...[et al.]
55

In: Clinical Journal of Pain = ISSN 0749-8047: vol. 22 (2006), issue 6, page 554-563.
Pijn
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Objective: We sought to determine the predictors of incident chronic widespread pain
(CWP), specifically, the effect of preexisting symptoms, stress, and psychosocial factors in
the subsequent development of CWP among veterans from the first Gulf War (GW).
Methods: We conducted a structured telephone survey (baseline) of military personnel
originally from Iowa who were either eligible for or deployed to Operation Desert
Shield/Desert Storm, approximately 5 years postconflict. We conducted a follow-up,
clinical, in-person study of those who met a priori-defined outcomes of symptoms of
cognitive dysfunction, depression, or CWP, and also a sample of those who did not meet
any of the outcomes of interest. Results: A total of 370 of 602 evaluated GW veterans
were free of CWP 5 years postconflict. At follow-up, 69 (19%) of these had developed
CWP. A positive family history of medically unexplained persistent symptoms [odds ratio
(OR)=4.8 (2.3, 13.2)] was strongly associated with CWP. At baseline, individuals who
reported preexisting symptoms of bronchitis [OR=4.9 (1.9, 12.3)] and cognitive dysfunction
[OR=2.1 (1.1, 4.2)] were more likely to develop CWP. Alcohol use [OR=0.2 (0.1, 0.7)] was
protective against CWP. Rather than combat-related exposure per se, the perception of
stress at the time of the GW [OR=1.6 (1.1, 2.3)] correlated with CWP. Discussion: Among
the GW veterans evaluated longitudinally in this study, family history, predeployment
symptoms, and the level of perceived stress during the GW were associated with
subsequent development of CWP.
KOC
Artiss, K.L.
The combat soldier / K.L. Artiss
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 165 (2000), issue 1, page 33-40.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Sociologie
The Gulf War illness problem is seen as a postwar syndrome related to veteran discontent
rather than as a new phenomenon. K. L. Artiss proposes that application of social
psychiatric thinking and workmen's compensation experience can help in understanding
the problem. Social psychiatry has been neglected in the training of many psychiatrists so
that they fail to understand the Army as a community and to recognize that a community's
parts may develop symptom neuroses. Most psychiatrists know that a symptom neurosis
will not disappear until it no longer serves its purpose. The young soldier may know that
he is being trained for combat duty but manages to distance himself from the realities of
military combat by creating a psychic reality that protects him. Social psychiatric emphasis
is used to describe the soldier's response when brought face to face with himself as a
combatant with overwhelming responsibilities and genuine lethal danger.
KOC
Axelrod, B.N.
Gulf War illness research: separating the wheat from the chaff / B.N. Axelrod and I.B.
Milner
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist = ISSN 1385-4046: vol. 14 (2000), issue 3, page 344-348.
56

Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Overzichtartikelen
Clinical research of veterans' illnesses from the neuropsychology and medical literature
are reviewed. Some studies reveal no significant findings, while others indeed detect a
higher incidence of clinical and laboratory abnormalities in veterans of Operations Desert
Storm and Desert Shield. It is noted that neuropsychological deficits are negligible and
more often associated with affective, than cognitive, disruption. Some explanations of the
results are offered, as are recommendations regarding the utility of clinical research.
KOC
Baker, F.M.
Establishing a geriatric psychiatric consultation in a VA medical center / F.M. Baker and B.
Chrismer
In: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry = ISSN 1064-7481: vol. 3 (1995), issue 4,
page 348-352.
Veteranen
Ouderen
Hulpverlening
Evaluaties
Describes the establishment of a geriatric psychiatry consultation-liaison team (GPCLT) at
a VA medical center (VAMC) that previously had no organized geriatric psychiatric
service. Geriatric psychiatric consultation was required by 3 intermediate-care units
treating older, chronically medically ill veterans with psychiatric symptoms or disorders.
The GPCLT comprised a Black female geriatric psychiatrist and a White male social
worker. This combination of disciplines maximized skills, and the ethnic-gender
differences of team members addressed questions of racial tension and gender issues
between patients and VAMC staff. The compliance with recommendations of the GPCLT,
its selection as a clinical site for a university affiliated geriatric psychiatry fellowship
program, and the increase in the total hours of social work time assigned to the GPCLT
documented the positive perception of the team by both the VAMC and the affiliated
university.
KOC
Barber, J.A.
Monitoring the Dissemination of Peer Support in the VA Healthcare System / J.A.
Barber...[et al.]
In: Community mental health journal = ISSN 0010-3853: (2008) (may).
Zelfhulpgroepen
Veteranen
Evaluaties
This study illustrates a monitoring system for peer support programs, focusing on Vet-to-
Vet, a program for veterans with chronic psychiatric disorders. The sample consisted of
1,847 anonymous surveys from 38 veteran peer support programs. Program satisfaction
and recovery orientation were positively associated with duration and frequency of
participation in peer support. Program satisfaction was also associated with the Vet-to-Vet
model and location at a VA medical center (vs. other model & location types). Payment for
peer facilitators was positively associated with recovery orientation, spirituality, and
57

engagement in meaningful activity. Additional research using experimental design
methods is needed to determine the impact of peer support on mental health outcomes.
KOC
Batten, S.V.
Integrative outpatient treatment for returning service members / S.V. Batten and S.J.
Pollack
In: Journal of clinical psychology = ISSN 0021-9762: (2008) (jun).
Militairen
Hulpverlening
Irak
Afghanistan
Casuïstiek
Veterans returning from Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) frequently
present with multiple psychological and physical symptoms. The authors propose an
innovative approach in which primary care providers, polytrauma specialists, vocational
rehabilitation specialists, and mental health clinicians work together to provide care that is
not simply concurrent, but truly integrated. All members of this interdisciplinary team must
provide a consistent message that supports treatment engagement and progress. The
authors illustrate this approach with a case report of a soldier deployed to both OEF and
OIF, requiring subsequent treatment for joint pain, headaches, mild traumatic brain injury,
posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance abuse. Despite the emphasis on
early intervention, treatment engagement and retention remain challenges in this
population.
KOC
Beckham, J.C.
Preliminary findings from a clinical demonstration project for veterans returning from Iraq
or Afghanistan / J.C. Beckham...[et al.]
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 173 (2008), issue 5, page 448-451.
Stoppen met roken
Veteranen
Afghanistan
Irak
Military veterans are at high risk for nicotine dependence. This clinical demonstration
project used invitational letters, referral to the National Cancer Institute's Smoking Quitline,
and local Veteran Affairs prescriptions for tobacco cessation to evaluate whether this lowcost
method would potentially reduce smoking in separated veterans who served in
Afghanistan and Iraq. Three cohorts (500 each) of recently separated veterans from
Afghanistan and Iraq were contacted by survey letters. Interested veterans received
follow-up telephone calls using standardized scripts. They were referred to the National
Cancer Institute's Smoking Quitline (1-877-44U-QUIT) and offered local Veteran Affairs
pharmacologic treatment for smoking cessation. Forty-three percent of respondents who
were smokers were interested in the clinical program; of these, 77% participated. At 2
months follow-up, 38% of participants self-reported maintained smoking abstinence.
Results suggested that the intervention was feasible and assisted the small number of
veterans who participated.
KOC
58

Bell, I.R.
Cognitive dysfunction and disability in geriatric veterans with self-reported intolerance to
environmental chemicals / I.R. Bell
In: Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome = ISSN 1057-3321: vol. 3 (1997), issue 3, page
15-42.
Chemische stoffen
Veteranen
Ouderen
Golfoorlogssyndroom
The symptom of sensitivity or intolerance to low levels of environmental chemicals (CI) is
a characteristic of several clinical conditions, such as multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic
fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and the "Persian Gulf Syndrome." This study examined
the prevalence and health patterns of CI in 160 elderly veterans. 37% of the sample
endorsed the screening question asking whether they considered themselves "especially
sensitive to certain chemicals." The CI group reported a significantly higher rate of
physical disability, an increased susceptibility to becoming sick, and decreased rates of
cigarette smoking and alcohol use. The groups did not differ in depression level or in past
occupational chemical exposures. However, the CI group scored significantly lower on a
cognitive dysfunction screening test and showed verbal memory performance consistent
with early dementia. Subdividing the Ss by depression, the depressives without CI
reported the highest rate of prior occupational exposure to pesticides. The subgroup with
both CI and depression performed most poorly on the attention/concentration screening.
The data suggest that CI as a symptom is extremely common in older male veterans and
may be a marker for increased risk of further cognitive decline.
KOC
Bergen, L. van
De waarde van historische kennis voor medisch-polemologische kwesties / L. van Bergen
In: Nederlands Militair Geneeskundig Tijdschrift = ISSN 0369-4844: vol. 61 (2008), issue
3, page 100-104.
Geneeskunde
Geschiedenis
Polemologie
Het belang van geschiedkundige kennis is en wordt heden ten dage vaak onderstreept
door een bonte stoet van mannen en vrouwen van fikse (inter)nationale en
onderwijskundige statuur - al dan niet omdat zij ons met ge- dan wel misbruik van die
geschiedenis ervan willen overtuigen dat zij het bij het rechte eind hebben. Zonder kennis
van de geschiedenis, zo houden zij ons voor, weten we niet waar we vandaan komen en
hoe we zijn geworden wat we zijn. Een volk of land zonder historische kennis is een volk
of land dat zichzelf niet kent. Zonder kennis van historische wortels van een bepaalde
situatie, kan die situatie niet worden gekend en begrepen. Problemen die er mee
samenhangen of uit voortkomen, kunnen dan niet worden opgelost.
KOC
Bieliauskas, L.A.
What Persian Gulf War Syndrome? / L.A. Bieliauskas and R.S. Turner
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist = ISSN 1385-4046: vol. 14 (2000), issue 3, page 341-343.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
59

Overzichtartikelen
Reviews reports of physical and neuropsychological syndromes putatively associated with
service in the Persian Gulf War and ostensibly providing evidence for Gulf War Syndrome
(GWS). Major methodological weaknesses are identified in the studies and it is contended
that there is no solid evidence for GWS at this time. Suggestions are given for future
investigations of symptoms associated with service during the Gulf War which may
accurately lead to a tangible identification of a war-related illness entity.
KOC
Bijkerk, Rein
Veteranen met een missie : humanitaire initiatieven door oud-militairen in voormalige
uitzendgebieden / Rein Bijkerk en Fred Lardenoye. - Doorn : Stichting het
Veteraneninstituut ; Amsterdam : Nationale Commissie voor Internationale Samenwerking
en Duurzame Ontwikkeling, 2008. - 23 p. : ill. ; 21± Ë24 cm
Omslagtitel. - Een verkennend onderzoek in opdracht van Stichting Veteraneninstituut
(SVi) en de Nationale Commissie voor Internationale Samenwerking en Duurzame
Ontwikkeling (NCDO). - Eindrapport juni 2008.
Ontwikkelingssamenwerking
Humanitaire hulpverlening
Veteranen
Militairen
s8.2 BIJK
KOC
Binder, L.M.
Comparison of MMPI-2 profiles of Gulf War veterans with epileptic and nonepileptic
seizure patients / L.M. Binder...[et al.]
In: Assessment = ISSN 1073-1911: vol. 7 (2000), issue 1, page 73-78.
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
As part of a larger study of illnesses related to service in the Gulf War, Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) profiles of epileptic seizure patients;
nonepileptic seizure (NES) patients; Gulf War veterans with unexplained cognitive,
psychological, musculoskeletal, fatigue, or dermatologic symptoms; and asymptomatic
Gulf War veterans were analyzed. There were 70 people in each group. Seizure diagnosis
was based upon intensive EEG monitoring. Gulf War cases were mildly abnormal on
MMPI-2 Scales Hs and D and significantly higher than controls on 8 of 10 MMPI-2 clinical
scales, but they were significantly lower than NES patients on several scales including Hs
and Hy.
KOC
Binder, L.M.
Medically unexplained symptoms and neuropsychological assessment / L.M. Binder and
K.A. Campbell
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology = ISSN 1380-3395: vol. 26
(2004), issue 3, page 369-392.
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten (OLK)
Syndromen
60

Golfoorlog-syndroom
Diagnostiek
Several illnesses expressed somatically that do not have clearly demonstrated
pathophysiological origin and that are associated with neuropsychological complaints are
reviewed. Among them are nonepileptic seizures, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome,
Persian Gulf War unexplained illnesses, toxic mold and sick building syndrome, and
silicone breast implant disease. Some of these illnesses may be associated with objective
cognitive abnormalities, but it is not likely that these abnormalities are caused by
traditionally defined neurological disease. Instead, the cognitive abnormalities may be
caused by a complex interaction between biological and psychological factors.
Nonepileptic seizures serve as an excellent model of medically unexplained symptoms.
Although nonepileptic seizures clearly are associated with objective cognitive
abnormalities, they are not of neurological origin. There is evidence that severe stressors
and PTSD are associated with immune system problems, neurochemical changes, and
various diseases; these data blur the distinctions between psychological and organic
etiologies. Diagnostic problems are intensified by the fact that many patients are poor
historians. Patients are prone to omit history of severe stressors and psychiatric problems,
and the inability to talk about stressors increases the likelihood of suffering from
physiological forms of stress.
KOC
Binder, L.M.
Neurobehavioral deficits associated with chronic fatigue syndrome in veterans with Gulf
War unexplained illnesses / L.M. Binder...[et al.]
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society = ISSN 1355-6177: vol. 7
(2001), issue 7, page 835-839.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Chronische vermoeidheidssyndroom (CVS)
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Notes that Gulf War unexplained illnesses (GWUI) are a heterogeneous collection of
symptoms of unknown origin known to be more common among veterans of the Gulf War
than among nonveterans. This study focused on 1 of these unexplained illnesses. The
authors tested the hypothesis that in a sample of Persian Gulf War veterans chronic
fatigue syndrome (CFS) was associated with cognitive deficits on computerized cognitive
testing after controlling for the effects of premorbid cognitive differences. Armed Forces
Qualification Test (AFQT) data acquired around the date of induction into the military was
obtained for 94 veterans of the Gulf War, 32 with CFS (mean age 28.78 yrs) and 62
healthy controls (mean age 29.55 yrs). Results indicate that controls performed better
than Ss diagnosed with CFS on the AFQT. Cognitive deficits were associated with CFS on
3 of 8 variables after the effect of premorbid AFQT scores was removed with ANCOVA.
KOC
Binneveld, Hans
Beter worden op bevel. De psychisch gewonde soldaat en het ontstaan van de militaire
psychiatrie / Hans Binneveld
In: Kleio = ISSN 0165-6449: vol. 48 (2007), issue 8 (december), page 30-33.
Eerste Wereldoorlog
Militairen
Shell shock
Militaire psychiatrie
61

Therapieën
Geschiedenis
Overzichtsartikel over de gevechtssituatie en de spanningen in de loopgraven tijdens de
Eerste Wereldoorlog, de psychische problemen die daarmee gepaard gingen en het
ontstaan van de militaire psychiatrie.
Bormann, J.E.
A spiritually based group intervention for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress
disorder: feasibility study / J.E. Bormann...[et al.]
In: Journal of holistic nursing = ISSN 0898-0101: (2008) (mar).
PTSD
Veteranen
Behandeling
Groepstherapie
Spiritualiteit
Purpose: To assess the feasibility, effect sizes, and satisfaction of mantram repetition-the
spiritual practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase throughout the day-for managing
symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Design: A two group
(intervention vs. control) by two time (pre- and postintervention) experimental design was
used. Methods: Veterans were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 14) or delayedtreatment
control (n = 15). Measures were PTSD symptoms, psychological distress,
quality of life, and patient satisfaction. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d.
Findings: Thirty-three male veterans were enrolled, and 29 (88%) completed the study.
Large effect sizes were found for reducing PTSD symptom severity (d = -.72),
psychological distress (d = -.73) and increasing quality of life (d = .70). Conclusions: A
spiritual program was found to be feasible for veterans with PTSD. They reported
moderate to high satisfaction. Effect sizes show promise for symptom improvement but
more research is needed.
KOC
Brandwijk, Klazien van
'Kom heel terug!': hoe krijgen ouders hun kinderen terug na een uitzending? / Klazien van
Brandwijk
In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 9 (2008), issue 3 (april), page 18-20.
Vredesmissies (VN)
Veteranen
Indië-veteranen
Cambodja-veteranen
Uruzgan
Thuisfront
Ouders
Angst
Hoe kijken ouders naar hun kinderen die uitgezonden zijn (geweest) en hoe wordt er
tegen ouders aangekeken? Een overzichtsartikel vanaf de Tweede Wereldoorlog tot nu.
Van onbegrip tot betere communicatiemiddelen en erkenning.
Broek, Patricia van den
Liefde onder vuur : gesprekken met soldaten en hun geliefden: van Nederlands-Indië tot
Afghanistan / Patricia van den Broek. - [Tilburg] : Nieuwland, cop. 2008. - 150 p. ; 22 cm
Met lit. opg.
62

ISBN 978-90-8645-028-2
Nederlandse militairen en hun partners vertellen hoe de uitzending naar een
oorlogsgebied hun relatie heeft beïnvloed.
Militairen
Veteranen
Vredesmissies
Relaties
Partners
Thuisfront
Interviews
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Psychosociale gevolgen
s8.2 BRO
Brown, T.M.
Gulf War syndrome: polysomnographic study of eight cases / T.M. Brown, S.A. Fleishman
and M.F. Casanova
In: Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome = ISSN 1057-3321: vol. 2 (1996), issue 1, page
41-51.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Chronische vermoeidheidssyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Examined whether patients complaining of the "Gulf War Syndrome" might have hidden
sleep disorders, or psychiatric disorders, similar to what has been described in patients
with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Eight consecutive Gulf War veterans
(aged 28-49 yrs) from the VA Gulf War Registry and Evaluation program complaining of
fatigue and other symptoms, were psychiatrically and polysomnographically screened.
One S was found to have major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
while another had PTSD alone. The sleep diagnoses assigned to the 8 Ss were as
follows: 3 Ss had sleep apnea syndrome, one of whom also had periodic limb movements
of sleep disorder. Four Ss met criteria for periodic limb movements of sleep disorder. Four
Ss had clinically significant sleep state-misperceptions. All of the patients' symptoms were
reported as occurring subsequent to Gulf War deployment, and not prior to deployment. It
is concluded that as with the classic fatigue syndromes such as chronic fatigue syndrome
and fibromyalgia, Gulf War Syndrome patients may benefit from a more thorough
investigation of their sleep and psychiatric status.
KOC
Calhoun, P.S.
Interpersonal trauma, war zone exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder among
veterans with schizophrenia / P.S. Calhoun...[et al.]
In: Schizophrenia research = ISSN 0920-9964: vol. 91 (2007), issue 1-3, page 210-216.
PTSD
Schizofrenie
Veteranen
Diagnostiek
The present study examined the prevalence of war zone exposure, interpersonal trauma
and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans with primary schizophrenia
hospitalized on a VA inpatient psychiatric unit. Data were collected on a sample of male
63

veterans (N=165) with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder,
who were consecutively admitted to a VAMC inpatient psychiatric unit. The prevalence of
interpersonal trauma exposure and comorbid PTSD were assessed. Analyses also
explored differences between those patients who had been identified with PTSD to those
who screened positive but had not been previously identified as having PTSD. Ninety-six
percent of the sample endorsed interpersonal trauma or exposure to a war zone. The
prevalence of PTSD was 47% (n=78), although only 14% (n=11) of those who screened
positive for PTSD had a diagnosis of PTSD in their medical record. Among those
screening positive, having a chart diagnosis of PTSD was associated with more severe
PTSD symptoms and combat exposure. Results suggest that PTSD is highly prevalent
and under-diagnosed among veterans with schizophrenia. Increased assessment of
trauma and PTSD in this population is warranted.
KOC
Campion, B.H.
Psychological morbidity during the 2002 deployment to Afghanistan / B.H. Campion...[et
al.]
In: Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps = ISSN 0035-8665: vol. 152 (2006), issue 2,
page 91-93.
Geestelijke gezondheid
Militairen
Afghanistan
Groot-Brittannië
Questionnaires were completed by military personnel on arrival (n=1,696) in Kabul,
Afghanistan and then again on departure (n=1,134). Analysis of the 113 personnel who
completed both the arrivals and departures questionnaire revealed a lower alcohol use
score after deployment (AUDIT mean difference (post-deployment - pre-deployment) = -
0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = - 1.25 - +0.47) and no significant change to mental
health (GHQ mean difference = 0.55, 95% CI = -0.07 - +1.17). An increase in
psychosomatic symptoms (GHQ A mean difference = 0.22, 95% CI = -0.03 - +0.47) is
considered to result from the adverse conditions, but it is not supported by other mental ill
health markers. In conclusion, there appeared to be no negative effect on mental health
from deployment to Afghanistan.
KOC
Casarett, D.
A nationwide VA palliative care quality measure: the family assessment of treatment at the
end of life / D. Casarett...[et al.]
In: Journal of palliative medicine = ISSN 1096-6218: vol. 11 (2008), issue 1, page 68-75.
Ouderen
Veteranen
Pallatieve zorg
Evaluaties
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the FATE (Family Assessment of Treatment at End of Life)
Survey for use as a nationwide quality measure in the VA health care system. DESIGN:
Nationwide telephone survey. SETTING: Five VA medical centers. PARTICIPANTS:
Eligible patients received inpatient or outpatient care from a participating VA facility in the
last month of life. One respondent/patient was selected using predefined eligibility criteria
and invited to participate. MEASUREMENTS: The FATE survey consists of 32 items in 9
domains: Well-being and dignity (4 items), Information and communication (5 items),
64

Respect for treatment preferences (2 items), Emotional and spiritual support (3 items),
Management of symptoms (4 items), Choice of inpatient facility (1 item), Care around the
time of death (6 items), Access to VA services (4 items), and Access to VA benefits after
the patient's death (3 items). RESULTS: Interviews were completed with 309 respondents.
The FATE showed excellent psychometric characteristics, with good homogeneity (e.g.,
Cronbach (alpha = 0.91) and no evidence of significant ceiling effects. The FATE also
demonstrated good discriminant validity. For instance, FATE scores varied across
facilities (range 44-72; Kruskal Wallis test p < 0.001). Patients who were seen by a
palliative care service had better scores (mean 66 versus 52; rank sum test p < 0.001), as
did patients who were referred to hospice (67 versus 49; rank sum test p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The FATE survey offers an important source of quality data that can be
used to improve the end-of-life care of all veterans, regardless of the type of care they
receive or their site of death.
KOC
Chalder, T.
Prevalence of Gulf war veterans who believe they have Gulf war syndrome: questionnaire
study / T. Chalder...[et al.]
In: British Medical Journal = ISSN 0959 8138: vol. 323 (2001), issue 7311, page 473-476.
Gezondheid
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Groot-Brittannië
Determined how many veterans who served in the Gulf war believe they have "Gulf war
syndrome" (GWS), examined factors associated with this belief, and compared the health
status of Ss who believe they have GWS with those who do not. 2,961 Ss completed a
questionnaire asking whether Ss believe they have GWS and about symptoms, fatigue,
psychological distress, post-traumatic stress, physical functioning, and Ss' perception of
their health. Results show that 17.3% of the respondents believed they had GWS. Ss
belief was associated with having poor health, not serving in the army when responding to
the questionnaire, and having received a high number of vaccinations before deployment
to the Gulf. The strongest association with Ss' belief that they had GWS was knowing
another person who also thought they had GWS. The authors conclude that substantial
numbers of British Gulf war veterans believe they have GWS. It is concluded that a
combination of biological, psychological, and sociological factors are associated with the
belief of having GWS, and that these factors should be addressed in clinical practice.
KOC
Ciccone, D.S.
Chronic fatigue syndrome in male gulf war veterans and civilians: a further test of the
single syndrome hypothesis / D.S. Ciccone, L. Weissman and B.H. Natelson
In: Journal of health psychology = ISSN 1359-1053: vol. 13 (2008), issue 4, page 529-536.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Chronische-vermoeidheidssyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Burgers
Vergelijkend onderzoek
Different modes of fatigue onset in male Gulf War veterans versus male civilians raise the
possibility that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) may not be a single disease entity. We
addressed this issue by comparing 45 male veterans with CFS to 84 male civilians who
65

satisfied identical case criteria. All were evaluated for fibromyalgia (FM), multiple chemical
sensitivity and psychiatric comorbidity. CFS was more likely to present in a sudden flu-like
manner in civilians than veterans (p < .01) and comorbid FM was more prevalent in
civilians (p < .01). These findings question the assumption that all patients with CFS suffer
from the same underlying disorder.
KOC
Clark, M.E.
Pain and combat injuries in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and
Iraqi Freedom: implications for research and practice / M.E. Clark...[et al.]
In: Journal of rehabilitation research and development = ISSN 0748-7711: vol. 44 (2007),
issue 2, page 179-194.
Gewonden
Pijn
Militairen
Irak
Hulpverlening
Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) have resulted in a
growing number of seriously injured soldiers who are evacuated to the United States for
comprehensive medical care. Trauma-related pain is an almost universal problem among
these war-injured soldiers, and several military and Department of Veterans Affairs
initiatives have been implemented to enhance pain care across the continuum of medical
services. This article describes several innovative approaches for improving the pain care
provided to OEF and OIF military personnel during acute stabilization, transport, medicalsurgical
treatment, and rehabilitation and presents summary data characterizing the
soldiers, pain management services provided, and associated outcomes. We also identify
some of the pain assessment, classification, and treatment challenges emerging from
work with this population and provide recommendations for future research and practice
priorities.
KOC
Clark, M.E.
Post-deployment pain: a need for rapid detection and intervention / M.E. Clark
In: Pain Medicine = ISSN 1526-2375: vol. 5 (2004), issue 4, page 333-334.
Pijn
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Pain, typically of musculoskeletal or unexplained origin, was one of the most common
symptoms reported by military personnel deployed to the Persian Gulf prior, during, and
following the 1991 Gulf War. Despite the brief duration of armed conflict and the limited
number of casualties, almost 15% of US Persian Gulf War (PGW) veterans have pursued
treatment for Gulf War-related problems. We examined summary medical data for 619
post-deployment personnel enrolling for treatment at a large southeastern VA medical
center from 2002 to the present. Over 50% of those reporting some pain (23.1% of the
total) had scores exceeding the VA's national trigger for significant pain (pain > 4). The
high rate of pain problems in this sample is consistent with the report that the most
frequent diagnoses among all AIW veterans are diseases of the musculoskeletal system
which affect approximately 30% of those enrolling in VA healthcare services. As we
66

improve in our success in the early identification of pain-related problems we also must
expect increased demands on pain care resources. By anticipating the needs of returning
AIW military personnel and implementing corresponding changes in healthcare systems
responsible for their care we may be able to minimize their suffering while maximizing
their potential for improvement.
KOC
Coleman, P.G.
Identity loss and recovery in the life stories of Soviet World War II veterans / P.G.
Coleman and A. Podolskij
In: The Gerontologist = ISSN 0016-9013: vol. 47 (2007), issue 1, page 52-60.
Identiteit
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Veteranen
Rusland
Oekraine
PURPOSE: We examined the adjustment to societal change following the fall of
communism in a group of Soviet war veterans from Russia and the Ukraine. The focus of
the study was on the dynamics of identity development, and especially generativity, in a
period of intense social upheaval. DESIGN AND METHODS: We administered measures
of self-esteem, life satisfaction, and generativity to 50 World War II veterans from five
distinct areas of the former Soviet Union. We also conducted life-history interviews and
made a thematic analysis of the transcripts. RESULTS: Despite the loss of the system of
government and values that had dominated their lives, most participants demonstrated
positive well-being, and especially a high sense of generativity. They described their
experience of societal change as having disturbed their past, present, and future sense of
self. Most, however, had found ways of reaffirming a generative identity. For some, this
meant maintaining a Soviet identity; for others, it meant taking a critical view of the history
through which they had lived. The principal sustaining element among the participants as
a whole was hope in their own families' future. IMPLICATIONS: Major societal change of
the kind experienced by Soviet war veterans in later life poses a challenge to a continued
sense of generativity. These elderly veterans were able to meet this challenge, providing
evidence of their resilience and the continuing strength of family bonds in the former
Soviet Union at this time of debate about national identity.
KOC
Cook, D.B.
Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness: Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue syndrome /
D.B. Cook...[et al.]
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise = ISSN 0195-9131: vol. 35 (2003), issue 4,
page 569-574.
Gezondheid
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Bewegingsinspanning
Chronische vermoeidheidssyndroom (CVS)
Golfoorlogsyndroom
It has been reported that ratings of perceived exertion are elevated in chronic fatigue
syndrome. We have challenged this notion by examining perceived exertion in civilian
females with CFS and expressing the data relative to exercise capacity. The purpose of
the present investigation was to further examine RPE during exercise in a unique
67

population of CFS patients. Gulf veterans. Thirty-four GV performed a maximal exercise
test on a cycle ergometer. After a 3-min warm-up, exercise intensity increased by 30 W
every minute until exhaustion. RPE were obtained during the last 15 s of each minute
using Borg's CR-10 scale. With the exception of peak VE, there were no significant
differences in any peak exercise variables. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed
significantly higher RPE at each power output examined. Both group main effects and the
interaction were eliminated when self-reported fatigue symptoms were controlled for in the
analyses. Power functions for RPE as a function of relative oxygen consumption were not
different between groups and were significantly greater than a linear value of 1.0. Our
results show that RPE are greater in GV with CFS regardless of whether the data were
expressed in terms of absolute or relative exercise intensity.
KOC
Cooper, D.F.
Home-based primary care: the care of the veteran at home / D.F. Cooper, O.R. Granadillo
and C.M. Stacey
In: Home healthcare nurse = ISSN 0884-741X: vol. 25 (2007), issue 5, page 351-322.
Thuiszorg
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
Overzichtsartikelen
Home-Based Primary Care is a program designed by the Department of Veteran Affairs
(VA) to care for frail, medically complex, elderly veteran patients in their home setting.
Unique to the VA, the program has similarities and differences in relation to typical
Medicare/Medicaid home health and hospice programs. The VA has demonstrated
success in maintaining the patients' independence and quality of life as well as
exceptional management of chronic disease and prevention.
KOC
Coy, J.
Peacetime clinical experience with 'fracticide': a veterans hospital experience / J. Coy and
K. Steinweg
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 161 (1996), issue 11, page 701-703.
Eigen vuur (Friendly fire)
Gewonden
Casuïstiek
It is very important for those involved in military medicine to understand the difference
between fratricide, accidents, and other causes of wounding. The military medical care
provider is often considered an authority on wounding. This is usually not the case. The
three examples discussed in this paper illustrate some of the basic misconceptions about
"friendly fire" and the appropriate use of the term "fratricide."
KOC
Crombie, H.D.
Limb loss in war: historical perspective / H.D. Crombie
In: Connecticut medicine = ISSN 0010-6178: vol. 72 (2008), issue 1, page 39-40.
Gehandicapten
Gewonden
Militairen
68

Geschiedenis
KOC
David, A.S.
Cognitive functioning and disturbances of mood in UK veterans of the Persian Gulf war: a
comparative study / A.S. David...[et al.]
In: Psychological Medicine = ISSN 0033 2917: vol. 32 (2002), issue 8, page 1357-1370.
PTSD
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Groot-Brittannië
Notes that complaints of poor memory and concentration are common in veterans of the
1991 Persian Gulf War as are other symptoms. Despite a large research effort, such
symptoms remain largely unexplained. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological
tests and rating scales was administered to 341 UK servicemen (aged 22-62 yrs) who
were returnees from the Gulf War and peace keeping duties in Bosnia, plus non-deployed
military controls. All were drawn from a large randomized survey. Most were selected on
the basis of impaired physical functioning defined operationally. Group comparisons
reveal an association between physical functioning and symptoms of depression, posttraumatic
stress reactions, increased anger and subjective cognitive failures. Poorer
performance on some general cognitive measures, sequencing and attention was also
seen in association with being 'ill', but virtually all differences disappeared after adjusting
for depressed mood or multiple comparisons. Deployment was also associated with
symptoms of post-traumatic stress and subjective cognitive failures, independently of
health status, as well as minor general cognitive and constructional impairment.
KOC
Dekel, R.
Marital relations among former prisoners of war: contribution of posttraumatic stress
disorder, aggression, and sexual satisfaction / R. Dekel and Z. Solomon
In: Journal of family psychology = ISSN 0893-3200: vol. 20 (2006), issue 4, page 709-712.
PTSD
Agressie
Relaties
Partners
Krijgsgevangenen
In this study, the authors examined the marital adjustment, spousal aggression, and
sexual satisfaction of prisoners of war (POWs) 3 decades after their release. More
specifically, the authors examined the extent to which impaired marital relations among
former POWs are an outcome of their captivity or of the posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) that some of them developed. The authors compared 25 former POWs with
PTSD, 85 former POWs without PTSD, and 104 control veterans. The findings reveal that
the marital problems of former POWs are more related to PTSD than to their captivity.
PTSD is related to decreased marital satisfaction, increased verbal aggression, and
heightened sexual dissatisfaction among former POWs.
KOC
69

Dohrenwend, B.P.
War-related posttraumatic stress disorder in Black, Hispanic, and majority White Vietnam
veterans: the roles of exposure and vulnerability / B.P. Dohrenwend...[et al.]
In: Journal of traumatic stress= ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 21 (2008), issue 2, page 133-141.
PTSD
Vietnam-veteranen
Rassenverschillen
Diagnostiek
Elevated prevalence rates of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been
reported for Black and Hispanic Vietnam veterans. There has been no comprehensive
explanation of these group differences. Moreover, previous research has relied on
retrospective reports of war-zone stress and on PTSD assessments that fail to distinguish
between prevalence and incidence. These limitations are addressed by use of recordbased
exposure measures and clinical diagnoses of a subsample of veterans from the
National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS). Compared with Majority White,
the Black elevation is explained by Blacks' greater exposure; the Hispanic elevation, by
Hispanics' greater exposure, younger age, lesser education, and lower Armed Forces
Qualification Test scores. The PTSD elevation in Hispanics versus Blacks is accounted for
mainly by Hispanics' younger age.
KOC
Druss, B.G.
Depressive symptoms and health costs in older medical patients / B.G. Druss...[et al.]
In: American Journal of Psychiatry = ISSN 0002-953x: vol. 156 (1999), issue 3, page 477-
479.
Depressie
Ouderen
Kosten
Hulpverlening
Veterans Administration (VA)
Assessed the association between depressive symptoms and health costs for a national
Veterans Administration (VA) sample. The Rand Depression Index was administered to
1,316 medical or surgical inpatients over the age of 60 at 9 VA hospitals. Scores were
merged with utilization, demographic, and hospital data from national VA inpatient and
outpatient files. Medical costs for respondents with the highest quartile of symptoms were
approximately $3,200-or 50%-greater than medical costs for those in the least
symptomatic quartile. Depressive symptoms were not associated with any statistically
significant mental health expenditures. The study extends previous reports of the high
medical costs associated with depressive disorders to an older, public sector population.
The mechanisms underlying increased medical costs associated with depressive
symptoms, while the subject of much speculation in the literature, still remain largely
unknown.
KOC
Dumas, Vincent
Een man van Sta-Vast : de inzet voor vrijheid en veiligheid / Vincent Dumas. -
[Soesterberg] : Contour, 2008. - 258 p. : ill. ; 22 cm
Met lit. opg.
ISBN 90-5911-729-8
ISBN 978-90-5911-729-7
70

Leven, gedachtegoed en werk van Prosper Ego, oprichter en voorman van het Oud
Strijders Legioen.
Indië-veteranen
Oud-Strijders Legioen (OSL)
Internationale politiek
Biografieën
s8.2 DUM
Edlund, M.J.
Beliefs about depression and depression treatment among depressed veterans / M.J.
Edlund...[et al.]
In: Medical care = ISSN 0025-7079: vol. 46 (2008), issue 6, page 581-589.
Depressie
Veteranen
Behandeling
INTRODUCTION: Because of the misunderstanding and stigmatization of mental health
disorders and treatment, health beliefs may be important in treatment seeking for
depression. It is important to understand patients' beliefs about mental health disorders
and mental health treatment to improve systems of care. METHODS: We studied beliefs
about depression and depression treatment among patients in a randomized trial of a
chronic care intervention to improve depression treatment in the Veterans Administration
healthcare system (n = 395). The Depression Beliefs Inventory was used to assess beliefs
regarding: (1) perceived need for depression treatment, (2) the efficacy of depression
treatment, and (3) treatment barriers, including stigma, at baseline and 6 months. We
calculated descriptive statistics on patients' baseline beliefs, and used multiple regression
to investigate the extent to which beliefs changed in intervention and treatment as usual
patients between baseline and 6-month assessments. We used logistic regression to
investigate the relationship between beliefs and antidepressant initiation, adherence and
clinical response. RESULTS: At baseline, 73% of our sample believed that they had
depression, and 66% believed that taking antidepressants would be helpful for their
depression. However, the depression intervention had few effects on beliefs, and
individual beliefs were generally not associated with taking medication or clinical
response. However, a summary measure of beliefs was found to have predictive validity
with respect to initiating and adhering to antidepressant treatment. DISCUSSION: Our
results highlight the potential difficulty in modifying individuals' attitudes regarding
depression and depression treatment in chronic care models for depression interventions.
KOC
Ellis, N.
Compensation and wellness: a conflict for veterans' health / N. Ellis, A. Mackenzie and R.
Mobbs
In: Australian health review = ISSN 0156-5788: vol. 32 (2008), issue 2, page 308-312.
Vergoedingen
Gezondheidszorg
Veteranen
Australië
Beleid
In Australia greater attention is being given to health determinants, and the dominance of
treatment in health policy and budgets is giving away some ground to prevention, health
promotion, rehabilitation and disability management. This creates a dilemma for
71

compensation systems: should the inclusion criteria be broadened to match the new
thinking or should a narrower definition of "disease, injury or death" be retained? This
issue is explored in the context of war syndromes among veterans. While veterans
experience symptoms more frequently and more severely than military and community
controls, their patterns of symptoms are not unique. Current compensation and benefit
programs can create iatrogenic effects. It is concluded that compensation systems should
be kept as safety nets while resources are provided to improve the capacity of primary
health care caregivers, community organisations and veterans with war syndromes and
their families to better deal with these problems. Adapting compensation systems to
promote wellness through self-management health partnerships is one way of directing
resources to individuals and their families. Action research at the community level with
veterans, their families, their organisations, primary health care organisations, policy
makers and researchers would allow this sector to work out the best way to apply existing
efficacious tools to these modern health problems.
KOC
Elnitsky, C.
Veterans Health Administration's pain research portfolio and publications / C. Elnitsky, M.
Bryan and R.D. Kerns
In: Journal of rehabilitation research and development = ISSN 0748-7711: vol. 44 (2007),
issue 2, page xi-xviii.
Pijn
Veteranen
Onderzoek
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
KOC
Engel, C.C.
"Mirror, mirror..." whose explanation is the fairest?: evolving notions of somatization and
idiopathic physical symptoms / C.C. Engel
In: CNS Spectrums = ISSN 1092-8529: vol. 11 (2006), issue 3, page 187-188.
Syndromen
Golfoorlog-syndroom
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten (OLK)
Somatization disorder, multiple chemical sensitivities, chronic fatigue syndrome,
fibromyalgia, Gulf War syndrome, neurasthenia, irritable bowel syndrome, conversion
disorder... diopathies one and all. These syndromes and the many others like them have
perhaps one overriding commonality: enormous unexplained heterogeneity. Patients and
clinicians gaze into the suffering and impact of these symptoms and see as many potential
causes as there are symptom combinations. Some clinicians decide to ignore idiopathic
symptoms entirely, pretending they are inconsequential. This view flies in the face of
evidence; idiopathic symptoms occur in a third of all primary care patients, routinely
extend doctors' clinic day, are associated with mental disorders, and limit patient
functioning. Psychiatry has entered a unique period of reflection, openness, and serious
calls for the dissolution of somatoform disorders as diagnostic entities. This issue of CNS
Spectrums charts a similar course, offering several cutting-edge syntheses on idiopathic
physical symptoms.
KOC
72

Engel Jr., C.C.
Post-war syndromes: illustrating the impact of the social psyche on notions of risk,
responsibility, reason, and remedy / C.C. Engel Jr.
In: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry =
ISSN 1546-0371: vol. 32 (2004), issue 2, page 321-334.
Syndromen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Sociologie
The 20th century offered many examples of post-war syndromes such as Da Costa's
syndrome, irritable heart, shell shock, effort syndrome, medical evacuation syndrome,
post-traumatic stress disorder, and Gulf War syndrome. These post-war syndromes occur
under conditions of substantial medical and scientific uncertainty, conditions that
potentially magnify the impact of social context on clinical care for these syndromes. This
article reviews the social circumstances surrounding four postwar syndromes. The case is
made that social context has significantly impacted professional and lay perceptions of
causal mediators, relevant risk factors, defining symptoms, and appropriate therapies for
these syndromes. Furthermore, it is argued that social context influences what parties are
held responsible for post-war syndromes, and what clinical disciplines are ultimately
deemed appropriate to provide legitimate post-war illness care.
KOC
Engelhard, I.M.
Memory consistency for traumatic events in Dutch soldiers deployed to Iraq / I.M.
Engelhard, M.A. van den Hout and R.J. McNally
In: Memory = ISSN 0193-4511: vol. 16 (2008), issue 1, page 3-9.
PTSD
Geheugen
Veteranen
Irak
Nederland
Retrospective accounts of traumatic events are consistently associated with symptoms of
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This has often been interpreted as causal impact
of such events on psychological functioning, but recent studies suggest that the causal
direction is (partly) reversed: high levels of PTSD symptoms may be associated with
amplified recollections of precipitating traumatic events. The aim of this prospective study
was to index the consistency with which Dutch Army soldiers reported traumatic stressors
and nontraumatic stressors on their deployment to Iraq, and to examine to what extent
PTSD symptoms and pre-existing reporting biases, such as that arising from neuroticism,
affect memory inconsistency. Retrospective accounts of stressors were highly variable
over time. Individuals with higher levels of PTSD symptoms and neuroticism, lower levels
of extraversion, and fewer prior missions, were more prone to increased reporting over
time.
KOC
Engelhard, I.M.
Nadere toelichting op het posttraumatische stress-stoornis / I.M. Engelhard
In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 31 (2008), issue 5, page 44-46.
PTSD
Leeftijd
Militairen
73

Irak
Afghanistan
Diagnostiek
KOC
Engelhard, I.M.
Stress en trauma na een militaire uitzending in Irak / I.M. Engelhard, M.A. van den Hout
en J. Weerts
In: De Psycholoog = ISSN 0033-3115: vol. 42 (2007) (dec), page 649-653.
PTSD
Militairen
Irak
Nederland
Diagnostiek
In onderstaand onderzoek werd gekeken of Nederlandse militairen door een uitzending in
Irak posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS) opliepen, en, zo ja, hoe groot dit probleem nu
werkelijk is. Dit blijkt vijf maanden na de uitzending meet te vallen wanneer men rekening
houdt met het feit dat mensen PTSS-symptomen kunnen hebben, zonder hier echt last
van te hebben, en dat klachten die mensen aangeven niet altijd te maken hebben met
ervaringen tijdens de uitzending.
KOC
Everitt, B.
Searching for a Gulf war syndrome using cluster analysis / B. Everitt...[et al.]
In: Psychological Medicine = ISSN 0033 2917: vol. 32 (2002), issue 8, page 1371-1378.
Gezondheid
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Groot-Brittannië
Examined whether Gulf and non-Gulf veterans could be distinguished by their patterns of
symptom reporting. A k-means cluster analysis was applied to 500 randomly sampled
veterans from each of 3 United Kingdom military cohorts of veterans; those deployed to
the Gulf conflict between 1990 and 1991; to the Bosnia peacekeeping mission between
1992 and 1997; and military personnel who were in active service but not deployed to the
Gulf (Era). Sociodemographic, health variables and scores for 10 symptom groups were
calculated. The gap statistic indicates the 5-group solution as 1 that provided a particularly
informative description of the structure in the data. Cluster 1 consisted of low scores for all
symptom groups. Cluster 2 had veterans with highest symptom scores for musculoskeletal
symptoms and high scores for psychiatric symptoms. Cluster 3 had high scores for
psychiatric symptoms and marginally elevated scores for the remaining 9 symptom
groups. Cluster 4 had elevated scores for musculoskeletal symptoms only and cluster 5
was distinguishable from the other clusters in having high scores in all symptom groups,
especially psychiatric and musculoskeletal.
KOC
Ferguson, E.
Gulf War and illness by association / E. Ferguson and H.J. Cassaday
In: British Journal of Psychology = ISSN 0007-1269: vol. 90 (1999), issue 4, page 459-
475.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
74

Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Overzichtsartikelen
Reviews the evidence for the construct of Gulf War Syndrome(s) (GWS). The authors then
explore the evidence for one of the main theories of GWS, chronic organophosphateinduced
delayed polyneuropathy (R. Haley and T. Kurt, 1997). Finally, the authors present
a psycho-neuroendocrine model that can account for the variability in symptoms (following
S. Maier and L. Watkins, 1998) and show how associative processes could account for
the persistence of symptoms on return from the Gulf. The symptoms of GWS closely
correspond to the physiological and behavioral sequelae of an interleukin-1 (IL-1)
mediated sickness response. The authors propose that this response can account for the
variability in its symptomatology. Furthermore, the persistence of GWS can be accounted
for by an associative process, whereby the smells/tastes of war become linked with the
physiological reaction to environmental stressors encountered in the Gulf and/or the
"cocktail" of drugs given to the soldiers. As required, the IL-1 response is conditionable.
KOC
Ferguson, E.
Individual differences in the temporal variability of medically unexplained symptom
reporting / E. Ferguson...[et al.]
In: British Journal of Health Psychology = ISSN 1359-107X: vol. 9 (2004), issue 2, page
219-240.
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Non-specific or medically unexplained symptoms account for up to 35% of outpatient
referrals. In contrast to the literature on affect, little is known about how people frame daily
symptoms and how these patterns are influenced by individual differences. Three fixed
occasion diary studies over an 8-day period (one on ill veterans of the Gulf War and two
on healthy undergraduates) and a single cross-sectional survey (on ill Gulf War veterans)
were conducted. The severity and frequency of daily symptoms were assessed in all daily
diary samples, together with the Big 5 personality domains in one of the undergraduate
samples and in the survey of veterans. The data were analysed using auto-correlations
and hierarchical multivariate linear modelling. In all the chronically ill and healthy samples,
the data suggested potential cyclical patterns for symptom severity reporting. With regard
to the frequency of symptom reporting, the veterans showed a pattern of constant
symptom reporting. Finally, the relationship between the reported severity of symptoms
was attenuated by intellect and surgency. There is evidence that daily experiences of
symptom severity are framed relative to each other and this relationship is influenced by
personality.
KOC
Ferguson, E.
Odors and sounds as triggers for medically unexplained symptoms: a fixed-occasion diary
study of Gulf War veterans / E. Ferguson, H.J. Cassaday and P.A. Bibby
In: Annals of Behavioral Medicine = ISSN 0883-6612: vol. 27 (2004), issue 3, page 205-
214.
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
75

Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Background: Both laboratory studies on healthy volunteers and epidemiological evidence
from patient samples indicate that odor can act as a trigger for the reporting of medically
unexplained symptoms (MUSs). Purpose: The relationship between concurrent
experiences of odor and MUSs has not been explored in a patient sample. Methods: This
study used an 8-day fixed-occasion diary study, in which 17 veterans of the Persian Gulf
War completed diary assessments of (a) the intensity and duration of odor and sound and
(b) MUS severity. Results: The results showed that the intensity of odor was positively
associated with the severity on the same day and subsequent days' symptoms, whereas
the duration of odor was negatively related to the severity of MUS reporting on the same
day. Conclusions: These results are consistent with an associative mechanism underlying
symptom reporting in veterans. By contrast, the duration, but not the intensity, of sound
was related to the severity of MUS reporting on the same day.
KOC
Ferguson, E.
Theoretical accounts of Gulf War Syndrome: from environmental toxins to
psychoneuroimmunology and neurodegeneration / E. Ferguson and H.J. Cassady
In: Behavioural Neurology = ISSN 0953-4180: vol. 13 (2001), issue 3-4, page 133-147.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Neurobiologie
Overzichtsartikelen
Reviews evidence suggesting that nonspecific illness behavior symptoms can be
explained more parsimoniously as a single symptom cluster than as a set of separate
illnesses such as Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) and chronic fatigue syndrome. This
superordinate syndrome could have its biological basis in the activity of pro-inflammatory
cytokines (particularly interleukin-1), that give rise to the 'sickness response.' It is further
argued that the persistence of non-specific illness in chronic conditions like GWS may be
(in part) attributable to a bio-associative mechanism (1999). Such associative
mechanisms could be mediated through the hypothalamus and limbic system via vagal
nerve innervation and would provide an explanation for the persistence of a set of
symptoms that should normally be short lived and self-limiting. The authors also present
evidence that the pattern of symptoms produced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines
reflects a shift in immune system functioning towards a (T-helper-1) Thl profile. This
position contrasts with other immunological accounts of GWS that suggest that the
immune system demonstrates a shift to a Th2 (allergy) profile.
KOC
Forbes, D.
A field test of group based exposure therapy with 102 veterans with war-related
posttraumatic stress disorder / D. Forbes...[et al.]
In: Journal of traumatic stress= ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 21 (2008), issue 2, page 150-157.
PTSD
Veteranen
Behandeling
Group-based exposure therapy (GBET)
Evaluaties
76

Group-based exposure therapy (GBET) was field-tested with 102 veterans with warrelated
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Nine to 11 patients attended 3 hours of
group therapy per day twice weekly for 16-18 weeks. Stress management and a minimum
of 60 hours of exposure was included (3 hours of within-group war-trauma presentations
per patient, 30 hours of listening to recordings of patient's own war-trauma presentations
and 27 hours of hearing other patients' war-trauma presentations). Analysis of
assessments conducted by treating clinicians pre-, post- and 6-month posttreatment
suggests that GBET produced clinically significant and lasting reductions in PTSD
symptoms for most patients on both clinician symptoms ratings (6-month posttreatment
effect size delta = 1.22) and self-report measures with only three dropouts.
KOC
Forbes, D.
Mechanisms of anger and treatment outcome in combat veterans with posttraumatic
stress disorder / D. Forbes...[et al.]
In: Journal of traumatic stress= ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 21 (2008), issue 2, page 142-149.
PTSD
Woedeaanvallen
Agressie
Alcoholmisbruik
Behandeling
Research has identified anger as prominent in, and an influence on, treatment outcome
for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined
factors influencing the relationship between anger and outcome to improve treatment
effectiveness. Participants comprised 103 veterans attending PTSD treatment. Measures
of PTSD and comorbidity were obtained at intake and 9-month follow-up. Measures also
included potential mediators of therapeutic alliance, social support,
problematic/undermining relationships and fear of emotion. Path analyses supported
anger as a predictor of treatment outcome, with only fear of anger and alcohol comorbidity
accounting for the variance between anger and outcome. To improve treatment
effectiveness, clinicians need to assess veterans' anger, aggression, and alcohol use, as
well as their current fear of anger and elucidate the relationship between these factors.
KOC
Ford, J.D.
Posttraumatic stress symptomatology is associated with unexplained illness attributed to
Persian Gulf War military service / J.D. Ford...[et al.]
In: Psychosomatic Medicine = ISSN 0033-3174: vol. 63 (2001), issue 5, page 842-849.
PTSD
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Determined if war zone trauma or posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) is
associated with illnesses reported by Gulf War veterans that were documented by medical
examination but not attributable to a medical diagnosis. 1,119 veterans were screened
and 237 cases and 113 controls were identified by medical examination for a case-control
study comparing US Persian Gulf War military veterans with or without medically
documented, but unexplained, symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression and crossvalidation
analyses examined self-report measures of demographics, subjective physical
77

symptoms and functioning, psychiatric symptoms, stressors, war zone trauma, and PTSS,
to identify correlates of case-control status. PTSS and somatic complaints were
independently associated with case status, as were war zone trauma and depression.
Age, education, and self-reported health, stress-related somatization, pain, energy/fatigue,
illness-related functional impairment, recent stressors, and anxiety were univariate
correlates of case status. PTSS related to war zone trauma warrants additional research
study and attention in clinical screening and assessment as a potential contributor to the
often debilitating physical health problems experienced by Persian Gulf War veterans.
KOC
Frances, A.J.
Identifying illness: pitfalls and discoveries / A.J. Frances and J.C. Beckham
In: Psychosomatic Medicine = ISSN 0033-3174: vol. 60 (1998), issue 6, page 669-670.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Comments on the article by M. J. Roy et al (see record 1998-11685-001) which addressed
the question of whether Gulf War Syndrome is a distinct disorder caused by toxic
exposure. The authors consider this research to be a useful corrective against the
possibly overinclusive subsuming within the Gulf War rubric of all psychiatric
symptomatology that arises in its veterans. However, one study cannot make a conclusive
case against the possibility of this syndrome, especially given the state of the evidence
and the inherent methodological complexity of the question.
KOC
Frank, J.D.
Demoralization and unexplained illness in two cohorts of American soldiers overseas /
J.D. Frank and J.B. Frank
In: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease = ISSN 0022 3018: vol. 184 (1996), issue 7,
page 445-446.
Stress
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten (OLK)
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Tweede wereldoorlog
Militairen
Examines the unexplained illnesses that were documented in both veterans of the Persian
Gulf War and in soldiers stationed in the Philippines during World War II. In both groups,
patients exhibited similar symptoms (including weakness, fatigue, and headaches) that
could not be attributed to any one source. Because troops in both settings also
experienced intensely confusing and threatening information about their personal safety,
the authors suggest that the symptoms represent physiological reactions to a demoralizing
stress.
KOC
Frayne, S.M.
Gender disparities in Veterans Health Administration care: importance of accounting for
veteran status / S.M. Frayne...[et al.]
In: State legislatures = ISSN 0147-6041: vol. 46 (2008), issue 5, page 549-553.
Sekseverschillen
Hulpverlening
78

Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
BACKGROUND: In an effort to assess and reduce gender-related quality gaps, the
Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has promoted gender-based research. Historically,
such appraisals have often relied on secondary databases, with little attention to
methodological implications of the fact that VHA provides care to some nonveteran
patients. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether conclusions about gender differences in
utilization and cost of VHA care change after accounting for veteran status. DESIGN:
Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS: All users of VHA in 2002 (N = 4,429,414). MEASURES:
Veteran status, outpatient/inpatient utilization and cost, from centralized 2002
administrative files. RESULTS: Nonveterans accounted for 50.7% of women (the majority
employees) but only 3.0% of men. Among all users, outpatient and inpatient utilization and
cost were far lower in women than in men, but in the veteran subgroup these differences
decreased substantially or, in the case of use and cost of outpatient care, reversed.
Utilization and cost were very low among women employees; women spouses of fully
disabled veterans had utilization and costs similar to those of women veterans.
CONCLUSIONS: By gender, nonveterans represent a higher proportion of women than of
men in VHA, and some large nonveteran groups have low utilization and costs; therefore,
conclusions about gender disparities change substantially when veteran status is taken
into account. Researchers seeking to characterize gender disparities in VHA care should
address this methodological issue, to minimize risk of underestimating health care needs
of women veterans and other women eligible for primary care services.
KOC
Frayne, S.M.
Medical profile of women veterans administration outpatients who report a history of
sexual assault occurring while in the military / S.M. Frayne...[et al.]
In: Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine = ISSN 1524-6094: vol. 8
(1999), issue 6, page 835-845.
Seksueel geweld
Militairen
Vrouwen
To profile differences in current physical symptoms and medical conditions among women
users of Veterans Administration (VA) health services with and without a self-reported
history of sexual assault sustained during military service, a cross-sectional analysis of a
nationally representative, random sample of 3,362 women veterans was conducted. A
self-administered survey asked whether women had sustained sexual assault while in the
military and requested information about a spectrum of physical symptoms and medical
conditions. A history of sexual assault while in the military was reported by 23% of women
VA users and was associated with current physical symptoms and medical conditions in
every domain assessed. Among women reporting a history of sexual assault while in the
military, 26% endorsed >12 of 24 symptoms/conditions, compared with 11% of women
with no reported sexual assault history. Clinicians need to be attuned to the high
frequency of sexual assault occurring while in the military reported by women VA users
and its associated array of current physical symptoms and medical conditions and should
consider screening patients for a sexual violence history, especially patients with multiple
physical symptoms.
KOC
79

French, L.M.
Assessing and treating veterans with traumatic brain injury / L.M. French and G.W.
Parkinson
In: Journal of clinical psychology = ISSN 0021-9762: (2008) (jun).
Hersenletsel
Militairen
Irak
Afghanistan
Behandeling
Casuïstiek
Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in greater proportions of service members
with traumatic brain injury than in prior conflicts. These brain injuries range from the mild
(concussion) to severe, and have enormous implications for clinical practice with these
soldiers. The highly stressful and dangerous context in which these injuries are sustained
set them apart in significant ways from brain injuries seen in civilian settings. The
associated emotional toll of the environment and comorbid injuries, often resulting from
blast exposure, complicates the clinical picture. In this article, the authors describe the
complex presentations in this population of traumatically brain injured combat veterans
and illustrate with case vignettes.
KOC
Gabriel, R.
Gulf war syndrome may be post-conflict dysfunction / R. Gabriel...[et al.]
In: British Medical Journal = ISSN 0959 8138: vol. 324 (2002), issue 7342, page 914.
Gezondheid
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Groot-Brittannië
Comments on the article by T. Chalder, et al (see record 2001-11410-003) which found
that 17% of the 2961 Gulf war veterans surveyed believe themselves to be suffering from
Gulf war syndrome. The veterans' belief was reinforced if they knew someone with similar
symptoms. The current authors argue that this represents post-conflict dysfunction
expressed according to health beliefs prevailing at the time the questionnaire was
administered. The current authors also maintain that a major omission in Chalder at al's
discussion was a lack of consideration of the role of the media in reporting Gulf veterans'
illnesses.
KOC
Gamma, A.
The spectra of neurasthenia and depression: course, stability and transitions / A.
Gamma...[et al.]
In: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience = ISSN 0940-1334: vol.
257 (2007), issue 2, page 120-127.
Neurasthenie
Depressie
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Diagnostiek
Background: Neurasthenia has had a chequered history, receiving changing labels such
as chronic fatigue or Gulf war syndrome. Neurasthenia is recognized by ICD-10, but not
by DSM-IV. Its course, longitudinal stability and relationship to depression is not well
80

understood. Methods: In a stratified community sample (n = 591), representative of 2600
persons of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, neurasthenia and depression were assessed
in six structured interviews between ages 20 and 41. Course, stability and comorbidity
were examined. A severity spectrum of neurasthenia and depression from symptoms to
diagnosis was taken into account. Results: The annual prevalence of a neurasthenia
diagnosis increased from 0.7% to 3.8% from age 22-41, while mere symptoms became
less prevalent. Intra-individual courses improved in 40% and deteriorated in about 30% of
symptomatic cases. The most frequent symptoms overall, besides criterial exhaustion,
were increased need for sleep, over-sensitivity, nervousness and difficulty concentrating.
Cross-sectional associations and overlap with depression were strong. Longitudinal
stability of ICD-neurasthenia was low. Conclusions: Neurasthenia is intermittent, overlaps
significantly with depression, and shows improvement and deterioration over time to
roughly equal measures.
KOC
Gerardi, M.
Virtual reality exposure therapy using a virtual Iraq: case report / M. Gerardi...[et al.]
In: Journal of traumatic stress= ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 21 (2008), issue 2, page 209-213.
PTSD
Veteranen
Irak
Behandeling
Virtual reality exposure (VRE)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been estimated to affect up to 18% of returning
Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans. Soldiers need to maintain constant vigilance to
deal with unpredictable threats, and an unprecedented number of soldiers are surviving
serious wounds. These risk factors are significant for development of PTSD; therefore,
early and efficient intervention options must be identified and presented in a form
acceptable to military personnel. This case report presents the results of treatment
utilizing virtual reality exposure (VRE) therapy (virtual Iraq) to treat an OIF veteran with
PTSD. Following brief VRE treatment, the veteran demonstrated improvement in PTSD
symptoms as indicated by clinically and statistically significant changes in scores on the
Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS; Blake et al., 1990) and the PTSD Symptom
Scale Self-Report (PSS-SR; Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993). These results
indicate preliminary promise for this treatment.
KOC
Geuze, E.
Neural correlates of associative learning and memory in veterans with posttraumatic
stress disorder / E. Geuze, E. Vermetten, M. Ruf, C.S. de Kloet and H.G. Westenberg
In: Journal of psychiatric research = ISSN 0022-3956: vol. 42 (2008), issue 8, page 659-
669.
PTSD
Geheugen
Veteranen
Neurobiologie
Impaired attention and memory are symptoms frequently associated with posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). Although patients with PTSD frequently report memory difficulties
and empirical research provides support for a memory deficit in PTSD, as of yet, no fMRI
study has adequately investigated the neural correlates of learning and memory of neutral
81

(i.e. not trauma related) material in patients with PTSD compared to controls. Twelve male
veterans with PTSD, and twelve male veterans without PTSD, were recruited, and
matched for age, region and year of deployment. Encoding and retrieval of 12 word-pair
associates was assessed during fMRI in both experimental groups. Compared to controls
veterans with PTSD revealed underactivation of the frontal cortex, and overactivation of
the temporal cortex during the encoding phase. Retrieval of the paired associates resulted
in underactivation of right frontal cortex, bilateral middle temporal gyri, and the left
posterior hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus in patients with PTSD. Deficits in memory
performance in PTSD appear to be related to altered activity in fronto-temporal areas
during both the encoding and retrieval phase of memory processing.
KOC
Geuze, E.
Reduced GABAA benzodiazepine receptor binding in veterans with post-traumatic stress
disorder / E. Geuze, B.N. van Berckel, A.A. Lammertsma, R. Boellaard, C.S. de Kloet, E.
Vermetten and H.G. Westenberg
In: Molecular psychiatry = ISSN 1359-4184: vol. 13 (2008), issue 1, page 74-83.
PTSD
Veteranen
Neurobiologie
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptors are thought to play an important role in
modulating the central nervous system in response to stress. Animal data have shown
alterations in the GABA(A) receptor complex by uncontrollable stressors. SPECT imaging
with benzodiazepine ligands showed lower distribution volumes of the benzodiazepine-
GABA(A) receptor in the prefrontal cortex of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) in one, but not in another study. The objective of the present study was to assess
differences in the benzodiazepine-GABA(A) receptor complex in veterans with and without
PTSD using [(11)C]flumazenil and positron emission tomography (PET). Nine drug naive
male Dutch veterans with deployment related PTSD and seven male Dutch veterans
without PTSD were recruited, and matched for age, region and year of deployment. Each
subject received a [(11)C]flumazenil PET scan and a structural magnetic resonance
imaging scan. Dynamic 3D PET scans with a total duration of 60 min were acquired, and
binding in template based and manually defined regions of interest (ROI) was quantified
using validated plasma input and reference tissue models. In addition, parametric binding
potential images were compared on a voxel-by-voxel basis using statistical parametric
mapping (SPM2). ROI analyses using both template based and manual ROIs showed
significantly reduced [(11)C]flumazenil binding in PTSD subjects throughout the cortex,
hippocampus and thalamus. SPM analysis confirmed these results. The observed global
reduction of [(11)C]flumazenil binding in patients with PTSD provides circumstantial
evidence for the role of the benzodiazepine-GABA(A) receptor in the pathophysiology of
PTSD and is consistent with previous animal research and clinical psychopharmacological
studies.
KOC
Geuze, E.
Thinner prefrontal cortex in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder / E. Geuze, H.G.
Westenberg, A. Heinecke, C.S. de Kloet, R. Goebel and E. Vermetten
In: NeuroImage = ISSN 1053-8119: (2008) (mar).
PTSD
Veteranen
82

Neurobiologie
Structural neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have focused
primarily on structural alterations in the medial temporal lobe, and only a few have
examined grey matter reductions in the cortex. Recent advances in computational
analysis provide new opportunities to use semi-automatic techniques to determine cortical
thickness, but these techniques have not yet been applied in PTSD. Twenty-five male
veterans with PTSD and twenty-five male veterans without PTSD matched for age, year
and region of deployment were recruited. All the subjects were scanned using MRI.
Subjects' brains were aligned using cortex-based alignment in a region of interest based
approach. Individual cortical thickness maps were calculated from the MR images.
Regions of interest examined included the bilateral superior frontal gyri, bilateral middle
frontal gyri, bilateral inferior frontal gyri, bilateral superior temporal gyri, and bilateral
middle temporal gyri. In a large number of patients and controls, IQ scores and memory
scores were also obtained. Individual cortical thickness maps were calculated from the
MR images. Veterans with PTSD revealed reduced cortical thickness in the bilateral
superior and middle frontal gyri, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left superior temporal
gyrus. Veterans with PTSD performed significantly worse on memory measures compared
to control veterans. Cortical thickness correlated with memory measures in the veterans
without PTSD, but not in the veterans with PTSD. Cortical thinning in these regions may
thus correspond to functional abnormalities observed in patients with PTSD.
KOC
Goldberg, K.C.
The epidemiology of health problems in returning Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation
Enduring Freedom veterans: a national and North Carolina-based summary / K.C.
Goldberg
In: North Carolina medical journal = ISSN 0029-2559: vol. 69 (2008), issue 1, page 31-34.
Gezondheid
Veteranen
Irak
Operation Enduring Freedom
Epidemiologie
KOC
Golier, J.A.
Enhanced cortisol suppression to dexamethasone associated with Gulf War deployment /
J.A. Golier...[et al.]
In: Psychoneuroendocrinology = ISSN 0306 4530: vol. 31 (2006), issue 10, page 1181-
1189.
PTSD
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Objective: To examine whether PTSD or post-deployment health symptoms in veterans of
the first Gulf War (Operation Desert Shield/Storm) are associated with enhanced
suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis to low-dose dexamethasone (DEX). Method:
Plasma cortisol and lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR) number were measured at
08:00 h on two consecutive days, before and after administration of 0.5 mg of DEX at
23:00 h in 42 male Gulf War veterans (14 without psychiatric illness, 16 with PTSD only,
83

and 12 with both PTSD and MDD) and 12 healthy male veterans not deployed to the Gulf
War or another war zone. Results: In the absence of group differences in basal cortisol
levels or GR number, Gulf War veterans without psychiatric illness and Gulf War veterans
with PTSD only had significantly greater cortisol suppression to DEX than non-deployed
veterans and Gulf War veterans with both PTSD and MDD. Gulf War deployment was
associated with significantly greater cortisol suppression to DEX controlling for weight,
smoking status, PTSD, and MDD; PTSD was not associated with response to DEX.
Among Gulf War veterans musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly associated with
cortisol suppression and those who reported taking anti-nerve gas pills (i.e.,
pyridostigmine bromide) during the war had significantly greater DEX-induced cortisol
suppression than those who did not. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that alterations in
neuroendocrine function are associated with deployment to the Gulf War and postdeployment
musculoskeletal symptoms, but not PTSD. Additional studies are needed to
examine the relationship of enhanced glucocorticoid responsivity to deployment
exposures and chronic unexplained medical symptoms in Gulf War veterans.
KOC
Golier, J.A.
Twenty-four hour plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in Gulf War veterans:
relationships to posttraumatic stress disorder and health symptoms / J.A. Golier...[et al.]
In: Biological Psychiatry = ISSN 0006 3223: vol. 62 (2007), issue 10, page 1175-1178.
PTSD
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Background: We aim to characterize the baseline functioning of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal
(HPA) axis in Gulf War veterans (GWV) and examine the extent to which
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and unexplained health symptoms--which commonly
co-occur--have similar or different biological correlates. Methods: Thirty-one GWV, 20 with
current PTSD and 11 without current or lifetime PTSD, and 16 healthy nondeployed
subjects not exposed to the Gulf War theater underwent medical and psychiatric
examination followed by blood sampling every half-hour over 24 hours for the
measurement of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Results: Gulf War
veterans without PTSD or another psychiatric disorder had significantly lower 24-hour
plasma ACTH levels, a significantly higher cortisol:ACTH ratio, and no difference in
cortisol levels compared to nondeployed subjects and to GWV with PTSD, controlling for
body mass index (BMI). Among GWV, health symptoms (mood and cognitive symptoms)
were positively associated with, and hyperarousal symptoms were negatively associated
with, the cortisol: ACTH ratio. Additionally, the self-reported acute effects of pesticides and
of pyridostigmine bromide during deployment were associated with lower ACTH levels,
controlling for BMI and PTSD. Conclusions: The data provide evidence of HPA axis
dysregulation in Gulf War veterans, which may be related to Gulf War deployment
exposures. Despite the overlap of chronic unexplained health symptoms and PTSD in
GWV, these symptom constellations appear to be biologically distinct.
KOC
84

Golomb, B.A.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Gulf War illnesses / B.A. Golomb
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America =
ISSN 0027-8424: vol. 105 (2008), issue 11, page 4295-3000.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Chemische middelen
Increasing evidence suggests excess illness in Persian Gulf War veterans (GWV) can be
explained in part by exposure of GWV to organophosphate and carbamate
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis), including pyridostigmine bromide (PB),
pesticides, and nerve agents. Evidence germane to the relation of AChEis to illness in
GWV was assessed. Many epidemiological studies reported a link between AChEi
exposure and chronic symptoms in GWV. The link is buttressed by a dose-response
relation of PB pill number to chronic symptoms in GWV and by a relation between avidity
of AChEi clearance and illness, based on genotypes, concentrations, and activity levels of
enzymes that detoxify AChEis. Triangulating evidence derives from studies linking
occupational exposure to AChEis to chronic health symptoms that mirror those of ill GWV.
Illness is again linked to lower activity of AChEi detoxifying enzymes and genotypes
conferring less-avid AChEi detoxification. AChEi exposure satisfies Hill's presumptive
criteria for causality, suggesting this exposure may be causally linked to excess health
problems in GWV.
KOC
Gould, M.
The war at home / M. Gould
In: Health service journal = ISSN 0952-2271: vol. 8 (2008), issue 2, page 3-12.
Gewonden
Militairen
Groot-Brittannië
Hulpverlening
The Royal Centre tor Defence Medicine at Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, is the main
receiving unit for military casualties. Six Ministry of Defence hospitals treat elective military
and civilian cases. Since November 2007, veterans with service-related conditions have
been entitled to priority NHS treatment. Priory Group hospitals provide care for 350
military patients a year. Gaps in NHS services are filled by charities such as the exservices
mental welfare society Combat Stress.
KOC
Grassman, D.
Wounded warriors: their last battle / D. Grassman
In: Home healthcare nurse = ISSN 0884-741X: vol. 25 (2007), issue 5, page 299-304.
Gewonden
Militairen
Hulpverlening
Overzichtsartikelen
KOC
85

Gross, M.L.
Why treat the wounded?: warrior care, military salvage, and national health / M.L. Gross
In: American journal of bioethics = ISSN 1526-5161: vol. 8 (2008), issue 2, page 3-12.
Gewonden
Militairen
Gezondheidszorg
Verenigde Staten
Beleid
Because the goal of military medicine is salvaging the wounded who can return to duty,
military medical ethics cannot easily defend devoting scarce resources to those so badly
injured that they cannot return to duty. Instead, arguments turn to morale and political
obligation to justify care for the seriously wounded. Neither argument is satisfactory. Care
for the wounded is not necessary to maintain an army's morale. Nor is there any moral or
logical connection between the right to health care (a universal human right) and the duty
to defend one's nation (a local political duty). Once badly wounded, soldiers enjoy the
same right to medical care as any similarly ill or injured individual. National health care
systems grasp this point and offer few additional health care benefits to veterans. In the
United States, however, lack of universal health coverage skews the debate to focus on
special entitlements for veterans without considering the health care rights that other
citizens enjoy.
KOC
Haigh, S.
The Veterans Affairs health care system in North Carolina / S. Haigh
In: North Carolina medical journal = ISSN 0029-2559: vol. 69 (2008), issue 1, page 27-30.
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
North Carolina
Beleid
KOC
Haley, R.W.
Use of structural equation modeling to test the construct validity of a case definition of Gulf
War syndrome: invariance over developmental and validation samples, service branches
and publicity / R.W. Haley, G.D. Luk en F. Petty
In: Psychiatry Research = ISSN 0165-1781: vol. 102 (2001), issue 2, page 175-200.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
To replicate the syndrome-like structure identified by exploratory factor analysis of
symptom reports from 249 Gulf War veterans of a Naval reserve battalion (the
developmental sample), the authors administered a symptom questionnaire to 335 Gulf
War veterans who served primarily in active-duty US Army units living in North Texas (the
validation sample). On the basis of goodness-of-fit criteria, a structural equation model
(Model 1) with 4 symptom scales loading on each of 3 1st-order latent syndrome factors
(impaired cognition, confusion-ataxia, central pain) fit both samples well and was invariant
across both samples. Additional models validated a higher-order latent factor (a single
Gulf War syndrome) explaining the variances and covariances of the 1st order factors, 4
86

additional symptom scales loading on the higher order factor, and 4 possible secondary
factor loadings that also fit the data well. All structural models were invariant across the
cohorts of the validation sample surveyed before and after intense publicity following
publication of the case definition. These findings suggest that the apparent syndrome
structure of a single Gulf War syndrome with 3 variants may be found widely and justify a
confirmatory sample survey of Gulf War era veterans.
KOC
Hallarman, L.
The military history as a vehicle for exploring end-of-life care with Veterans #152 / L.
Hallarman and C. Kearns
In: Journal of palliative medicine = ISSN 1096-6218: vol. 11 (2008), issue 1, page 104-
105.
Militaire geschiedenis
Oral history
Ouderen
Veteranen
Pallatieve zorg
Casuïstiek
KOC
Hetebrij, B.
Terugkeerconferenties Dutchbat III 1996/2006: The war at home: who pacifies the
peacekeepers? / B. Hetebrij
In: Kernvraag = ISSN 0924-4468: (2006), issue 2, page 37-55.
Geestelijke verzorging
Dutchbat
Srebrenica
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
KOC
Hetebrij, B.
Van isolement naar verbondenheid: voor de werkelijkheid kan men de ogen sluiten, maar
niet voor de herinnering / B. Hetebrij
In: Tijdschrift voor Humanistiek = ISSN 1567-7117: vol. 8 (2007) (apr-mei), page 79-90.
Geestelijke verzorging
Veteranen
Srebrenica
Voormalig-Joegoslavië
KOC
Hetebrij, B.
Van isolement naar verbondenheid: voor de werkelijkheid kan men de ogen sluiten, maar
niet voor de herinnering / B. Hetebrij
In: Tijdschrift voor Humanistiek = ISSN 1567-7117: vol. 8 (2007), issue 29, page 79-90.
Bosnië-veteranen
Srebrenica
Geestelijke verzorging
Casuïstiek
87

KOC
Hetebrij, L.W.A.
Een humanistisch perspectief op werken met veteranen (1) / L.W.A. Hetebrij
In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 31 (2008), issue 3, page 14-17.
Geestelijke verzorging
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
De geestelijke verzorging heeft zich via een convenant laten opnemen in het landelijke
zorgsysteem van veteranen. Humanistisch raadsman drs. L.W.A. hetebrij legt uit hoe hij
daar in zijn regio vorm aan geeft en van welke wetenschappelijke basis hij uit gaat. Het
belang van de zorg voor veteranen ligt volgens Hetebrij niet in de mobilisering van
aandacht voor het "grote leed", maar in de erkenning van hun grote prestaties.
KOC
Hetebrij, L.W.A.
Een humanistisch perspectief op werken met veteranen (2) / L.W.A. Hetebrij
In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 31 (2008), issue 3, page 11-13.
Geestelijke verzorging
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
De geestelijke verzorging heeft zich via een convenant laten opnemen in het landelijke
zorgsysteem van veteranen. Humanistisch raadsman drs. L.W.A. hetebrij legt uit hoe hij
daar in zijn regio vorm aan geeft en van welke wetenschappelijke basis hij uit gaat. Van
belang is zijn aantekening dat het belang van de zorg voor veteranen niet ligt in de
mobilisering van aandacht voor het "grote leed", maar in de erkenning van hun grote
prestaties. Het eerste deel van dit artikel verscheen in Carré nr. 3.
KOC
Hinton, D.E.
Orthostatic panic attacks among Vietnamese refugees / D.E. Hinton...[et al.]
In: Transcultural Psychiatry = ISSN 1363-4615: vol. 44 (2007), issue 4, page 515-544.
Orthostatische hypotensie
Syndromen
Golfoorlog-syndroom
Vluchtelingen
Vietnam
Viewed historically and cross-culturally, orthostatic-induced dizziness, i.e., dizziness
caused by standing up from a sitting or a lying position, forms a key aspect of many
syndromes: irritable heart (American Civil War), effort syndrome (World War I and World
War II), chronic fatigue syndrome (contemporary USA), Gulf War syndrome
(contemporary USA), and orthostatic dysregulation (contemporary Japan). Among
Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic, this study documents a high rate of
orthostatic panic (OP), as well as certain processes seemingly generating these panic
attacks, viz., flashbacks and culturally specific catastrophic cognitions. Case examples are
used to demonstrate OP's phenomenology and relevance to clinical care. To illustrate the
mechanisms producing OP, we adduce the multiplex model of panic generation. Culturally
appropriate care of Vietnamese refugees should include assessment and treatment of OP.
KOC
88

Hoare, T.
Caring for veterans / T. Hoare
In: Australian Nursing Journal = ISSN 1320-3185: vol. 14 (2007), issue 7, page 37.
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
Australië
KOC
Hoejenbos, M.J.J.
Een missie voor Defensie: veteranen en overtollig geneeskundig materieel / M.J.J.
Hoejenbos
In: Militaire Spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 177 (2008), issue 5, page 256-262.
Ontwikkelingssamenwerking
Krijgsmacht
Militairen
Veteranen
Veteranen met een missie
Binnen de doelstellingen van de ministers van Defensie, Buitenlandse Zaken en
Ontwikkelingssamenwerking is een breder gebruik van militair-geneeskundige kennis en
overtollig militair geneeskundig materieel mogelijk. Het zwaartepunt hoeft niet louter bij
CIMIC (Civil-Military Cooperation) te liggen, want ook v¢¢r of na een missie kunnen er
betrekkingen zijn met een land. Soms door persoonlijke contacten, soms door specifieke
activiteiten in 'focuslanden' die op de agenda staan van Defensie/Internationale Militaire
Samenwerking (IMS). Het ondersteunen van deze projecten kan leiden tot een betere
psychosociale verwerking van een missie bij defensiepersoneel, terwijl sommige landen
op den duur een bijdrage kunnen leveren aan Nederlandse (defensie-)activiteiten in het
kader van ontwikkelingssamenwerking.
KOC
Hom, J.
Neuropsychological correlates of Gulf War Syndrome / J. Hom, R.W. Haley and T.L. Kurt
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology = ISSN 0887-6177: vol. 12 (1997), issue 6, page
531-544.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Compared the neuropsychological and psychological performances of 26 ill Gulf War
veterans to 20 well veterans from the same military unit. Neurocognitive functions
assessed included intelligence, abstraction and problem-solving, attention and
concentration, memory and learning, language and visual-spatial function, and
sensorimotor abilities. Psychological function was measured by self-report questionnaires.
Results indicate global and consistently poorer intellectual and neurocognitive function
among the ill veterans compared to the control veterans. A generalized pattern of
neuropsychological deficit was evident for the ill veterans. Psychological profiles of the ill
veterans were similar to those in general medical patients.
KOC
89

Hoof, E. van
The symptoms and psychiatric status of the Bijlmermeer plane crash disaster: similarities
with chronic fatigue syndrome and gulf war syndrome / E. van Hoof...[et al.]
In: Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome = ISSN 1057-3321: vol. 11 (2003), issue 3, page
3-21.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Chronische vermoeidheidssyndroom (CVS)
Bijlmermeerramp
Vergelijkend onderzoek
On October 4,1992, the El Al Boeing crashed in the residential quarter 'Bijlmermeer' in
Amsterdam (The Netherlands). In the years after the plane crash, local residents and
assistance personnel began reporting a variety of unusual symptoms not unlike those
reported by patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and Gulf War Syndrome (GWS).
The aim of this study was to define the symptom constellations reported by the patients
and assess the possible causes of the illness. Standardized psychological questionnaires
(MMPI-II, SCL-90, KPS and a complaints checklist) were used to screen for psychological
changes and to describe the symptoms reported by the patients. Differences between
local residents and assistance personnel, gender differences, Mycoplasma-infected and
Mycoplasma non-infected patients were monitored. The major symptoms reported were
extreme fatigue, non-restorative sleep, concentration-problems, memory problems and
muscle and joint pains. Similar to patients with Gulf War Syndrome and CFS, a
deregulation of the immune-competence through a combination of toxic material exposure
and psychological stressors associated with increased opportunistic infections may be the
most likely etiological hypothesis.
KOC
Horner, R.D.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among 1991 Gulf War veterans: evidence for a time-limited
outbreak / R.D. Horner
In: Neuroepidemiology = ISSN 0251-5350: vol. 31 (2008), issue 1, page 28-32.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Diagnostiek
Background: In follow-up to recent reports of an elevated risk of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS) among 1991 Gulf War veterans, we analyzed the distribution of disease
onset times to determine whether the excess risk was time limited. Methods: This
secondary analysis used data from a population-based series of ALS cases identified
between 1991 and 2001 among the 2.5 million military personnel who were on active duty
during the 1991 Gulf War. Annual standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated for
all cases and for those with disease onset before age 45 years. Results: Forty-eight of 124
cases occurred among those deployed to the Persian Gulf region during the war. The
annual SIR for deployed military personnel did not demonstrate a monotonically
increasing trend for either all cases (chi(2) = 0.11, d.f. = 1, p = 0.74) or for cases under 45
years of age at onset (chi(2) = 2.41, d.f. = 1, p = 0.12). The highest risk was observed in
1996, declining thereafter. Among military personnel who were not deployed to the Gulf
region, the level of risk remained fairly constant during the 11-year period. Conclusions:
The excess risk of ALS among 1991 Gulf War veterans was limited to the decade
following the war.
KOC
90

Horowitz, M.J.
A prediction of delayed stress response syndromes in Vietnam veterans / M.J. Horowitz
and G.F. Solomon
In: Journal of Social Issues = ISSN 0022-4537: vol. 31 (1975), issue 4, page 67-80.
PTSD
Vietnam-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Posits that over the next years civilian mental health professionals will (a) encounter
stress response syndromes in Vietnam veterans, (b) misread etiological factors, and (c)
be unable to treat such persons effectively. This paper attempts to describe the types of
problems which may be expected (e.g., nightmares, moods and emotional storms, and
direct or symbolic behavioral repetitions) and suggests special approaches (e.g.,
conceptual labeling) which will be required and may assist the treatment process.
KOC
Hotopf, M.
Gulf war illness-better, worse, or just the same?: a cohort study / M. Hotopf...[et al.]
In: British Medical Journal = ISSN 0959 8138: vol. 327 (2003), issue 7428, page 1370-
1372.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Bosnië-veteranen
Cohort studies
Seeks to describe changes in the health of Gulf war veterans studied in a previous
occupational cohort study and compare outcome with comparable non-deployed military
personnel, and to determine whether differences in prevalence between Gulf veterans and
controls at follow up can be explained by greater persistence or greater incidence of
disorders. Ss were military personnel who served in the 1991 Persian Gulf war, personnel
who served on peacekeeping duties to Bosnia, and military personnel who were deployed
elsewhere ("Era" controls). Results indicated that Gulf war veterans experienced a modest
reduction in prevalence of fatigue and psychological distress but a slight worsening of
physical functioning on the SF-36. Compared with the other cohorts Gulf veterans
continued to experience poorer health on all outcomes, although physical functioning also
declined in Bosnia veterans. Era controls showed both lower incidence of fatigue than Gulf
veterans, and both comparison groups showed less persistence of fatigue compared with
Gulf veterans. Gulf war veterans remain a group with many symptoms of ill health. The
excess of illness at follow up is explained by both higher incidence and greater
persistence of symptoms.
KOC
Hotopf, M.
Risk factors for continued illness among Gulf War veterans: A cohort study / M.
Hotopf...[et al.]
In: Psychological Medicine = ISSN 0033 2917: vol. 34 (2004), issue 4, page 747-754.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Cohort studies
We aimed to test the hypotheses that Gulf War veterans who were older; had more severe
symptoms; had more exposures during deployment; had increased psychological distress
and believed they had 'Gulf War syndrome' would experience greater fatigue and poorer
91

physical functioning at follow-up. Gulf War veterans who responded to an earlier
retrospective cohort study were followed with a postal survey. Outcome was measured on
the Chalder fatigue questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire and the Medical
Outcome Study Short-Form 36. Of those surveyed, 73.8% responded. Officer status was
associated with a better outcome. A similar lack of association was found for exposures
and physical functioning and GHQ-12 score. 'Gulf War syndrome' attribution was
associated with a worse outcome for GHQ-12 and physical functioning even after
controlling for severity of symptoms at baseline. This study suggests that while multiple
vaccination and military exposures are important risk factors for the onset of symptoms in
Gulf War veterans, these are not important risk factors for persistence of such symptoms.
Instead the severity of the initial symptoms; psychological distress and attributions may be
more important determinants of outcome.
KOC
Hout, W. in 't
Geestelijke verzorging betekent veel voor militairen en veteranen / W. in 't Hout
In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 28 (2005), issue 6, page 34-37.
Geestelijke verzorging
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
Welke vragen komen er op je af? Wat is kenmerkend voor de geestelijke begeleiding van
(oud-)militairen die gediend hebben tijdens vredesoperaties en van uitgezonden militairen
in oorlogssituaties? In dit artikel een eerste antwoord, gebaseerd op eigen
uitzendervaringen en impressies uit de dagelijkse praktijk van het veteranenpastoraat.
Geestelijke zorg heeft baat bij het tijdig onderkennen van de kernvragen van deze (oud-
)militairen en hun thuisfront.
KOC
Hout, W. in 't
Pastorale zorg voor uitgezonden militairen en veteranen: een algemene beschouwing
over diagnostiek en begeleiding / W. in 't Hout
In: Kernvraag = ISSN 0924-4468: (2006), issue 2, page 29-35.
Geestelijke verzorging
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
KOC
Huiting, E.
Ruimte bieden om het echte verhaal te vertellen: Dominee Wim in 't Hout neemt afscheid
als geestelijk verzorger voor de veteranen / E. Huiting
In: Dubbel Accent = ISSN 0168-227x: vol. 27 (2007), issue 4, page 3-5.
Geestelijke verzorging
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
KOC
Hull, L.
Self-reported health of Persian Gulf war veterans: a comparison of help-seeking and
randomly ascertained cases / L. Hull...[et al.]
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 167 (2002), issue 9, page 747-752.
92

Gezondheid
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Groot-Brittannië
Examined the degree to which Persian Gulf War veterans present for clinical assessment,
and compared findings with a subset of veterans voluntarily attending a medical
assessment program (MAP). 3,529 United Kingdom Armed Forces personnel (aged 25-58
yrs) who served in the Persian Gulf conflict completed questionnaires concerning
demographic characteristics, symptoms, health perceptions, physical functioning,
psychological distress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and health attributions. 173 of
these Ss had previously attended a MAP. Results show that MAP Ss were more likely to
be female, older, and working part time or not working at all. MAP Ss exhibited poorer
health perceptions and reported higher levels of illness, and they differed in terms of their
health attributions. The perception of having Gulf War syndrome and attributing health
problems to Gulf War service were the most powerful predictors of MAP attendance, even
when controlling for physical functioning level. It is concluded that health beliefs rather
than symptoms are more important predictors of attendance of MAPS, and that Gulf War
veterans who attend MAPs have different characteristics than those who do not. MAP
patients are unrepresentative of the wider deployment to the Persian Gulf.
KOC
Humphreys, K.
Do enhanced friendship networks and active coping mediate the effect of self-help groups
on substance abuse?/ K. Humphreys...[et al.]
In: Annals of behavioral medicine = ISSN 0883-6612: vol. 21 (1999), issue 1, page 54-60.
Zelfhulpgroepen
Drugsmisbruik
Alcoholmisbruik
Veteranen
Evaluaties
Self-help groups are the most commonly sought source of help for substance abuse
problems, but few studies have evaluated the mechanisms through which they exert their
effects on members. The present project evaluates mediators of the effects of self-help
groups in a sample of 2,337 male veterans who were treated for substance abuse. The
majority of participants became involved in self-help groups after inpatient treatment, and
this involvement predicted reduced substance use at 1-year follow-up. Both enhanced
friendship networks and increased active coping responses appeared to mediate these
effects. Implications for self-help groups and professional treatments are discussed.
KOC
Hunt, S.C.
Clinical management of Gulf War veterans with medically unexplained physical symptoms
/ S.C. Hunt, R.D. Richardson and C.C. Engel Jr.
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 167 (2002), issue 5, page 414-420.
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Discusses a model for the clinical management of medically unexplained physical
symptoms (MUPS) in Persian Gulf War veterans. The model identifies predisposing,
93

precipitating, and perpetuating factors contributing to the emergence and clinical course of
MUPS. Predisposing factors, which render individuals more susceptible to MUPS, include
heredity, biological diathesis, early-life adversity, chronic illness, and chronic distress or
mental illness. Precipitating factors include biological stress, acute physical illness,
psychological stressors, acute psychiatric disorders, and epidemic health concerns.
Perpetuating factors include harmful illness beliefs, labeling effects, misinformation,
workplace and social support factors, negative health habits, chronic illness, and poor
integration in the treatment system. It is concluded that the collaborative model for
managing MUPS reduces distress and assists in the rehabilitation of Gulf War veterans.
KOC
Hyer, L.
Posttraumatic stress disorder: silent problem among older combat veterans / L. Hyer[et
al.]
In: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training = ISSN 0033-3204: vol. 32
(1995), issue 2, page 348-364.
PTSD
Veteranen
Ouderen
Behandeling
Examines posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among older Vietnam combat veterans. It
is suggested that PTSD among these veterans is generally chronic, silent, and
exacerbated by the problems of aging. These Ss with PTSD can be divided into those with
full PTSD and those with partial PTSD. Studies are cited showing prevalence rates for
PTSD. The difficulties in measuring PTSD are described. Several moderating variables
influence the expression of trauma problems at later life, including the presence of other
stressors, health status, social support, and comorbidity. Several forms of therapy are
considered, including cognitive behavioral therapy, reminiscence, and relaxational
desensitization. Also, several treatment suggestions are given, advocating interventions of
a stuck narrative in an aging population.
KOC
Hynes, D.M.
Veterans' access to and use of Medicare and Veterans Affairs health care / D.M.
Hynes...[et al.]
In: Medical care = ISSN 0025-7079: vol. 45 (2007), issue 3, page 214-223.
Veteranen
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
Medicare
Hulpverlening
OBJECTIVES: We examined the impact of access to care characteristics on health care
use patterns among those veterans dually eligible for Medicare and Veterans Affairs (VA)
services. METHODS: We used a retrospective, cross-sectional design to identify veterans
who were eligible to use VA and Medicare health care in calendar year 1999. We
analyzed national VA utilization and Medicare claims data. We used descriptive and
multivariable generalized ordered logit analyses to examine how patient, geographic, and
environmental factors affect the percent reliance on VA and Medicare inpatient and
outpatient services. RESULTS: Of the 1.47 million veterans in our study population with
outpatient use, 18% were VA-only users, 36% were Medicare-only users, and 46% were
both VA and Medicare users. Among veterans with inpatient use, 24% were VA only, 69%
94

were Medicare only, and 6% were both VA and Medicare users. Multivariable analysis
revealed that veterans who were black or had a higher VA priority were most likely to rely
on the VA. Patient with higher risk scores were most likely to rely on a combination of VA
and Medicare health care. Patients who lived farther from VA hospitals were less likely to
rely on VA health care, particularly for inpatient care. Patients living in urban areas with
more health care resources were less likely to rely on VA health care. CONCLUSIONS:
VA health care provides an important safety net for vulnerable populations. Targeted
approaches that carefully consider the simultaneous impacts of VA and Medicare policy
changes on minority and high-risk populations are essential to ensure veterans have
access to needed health care.
KOC
Jackson, G.L.
Detecting traumatic brain injury among veterans of Operations Enduring and Iraqi
Freedom / G.L. Jackson, N.S. Hamilton and L.A. Tupler
In: North Carolina medical journal = ISSN 0029-2559: vol. 69 (2008), issue 1, page 43-47.
Hersenletsel
Veteranen
Irak
Operation Enduring Freedom
Diagnostiek
KOC
Jakupcak, M.
Posttraumatic stress and its relationship to physical health functioning in a sample of Iraq
and Afghanistan War veterans seeking postdeployment VA health care / M. Jakupcak...[et
al.]
In: The Journal of nervous and mental disease = ISSN 0022-3018: vol. 196 (2008), issue
5, page 425-428.
PTSD
Fysieke gezondheid
Veteranen
Afghanistan
Irak
Diagnostiek
The relationship between posttraumatic stress and physical health functioning was
examined in a sample of Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans seeking postdeployment VA
care. Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans (N = 108) who presented for treatment to a
specialty postdeployment care clinic completed self-report questionnaires that assessed
symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chemical exposure, combat exposure,
and physical health functioning. As predicted, PTSD symptom severity was significantly
associated with poorer health functioning, even after accounting for demographic factors,
combat and chemical exposure, and health risk behaviors. These results highlight the
unique influence of PTSD on the physical health in treatment seeking Iraq and
Afghanistan War veterans.
KOC
Johnson, K.M.
Frequency of mastalgia among women veterans: association with psychiatric conditions
and unexplained pain syndromes / K.M. Johnson...[et al.]
95

In: Journal of General Internal Medicine = ISSN 0884-8734: vol. 21 (2006), issue 3, page
S70-S75.
Mastalgia
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten (OLK)
Psychische stoornissen
Diagnostiek
Objective: To determine the prevalence and frequency of mastalgia and its association
with psychiatric conditions and unexplained pain syndromes. Design, Setting, and
Participants: Cross-sectional mailed survey completed by 1,219 female veterans enrolled
at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in 1998. Measurements: Breast pain in the
past year, unrelated to pregnancy, was categorized as infrequent (= weekly) mastalgia. Surveys assessed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
depression, panic disorder, and alcohol misuse with validated screening tests, as well as
self-reported past-year chronic pelvic pain, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Results: The response rate was 63%. Fifty-five percent of the respondents reported pastyear
mastalgia. Of these, 15% reported frequent mastalgia. Compared to women without
mastalgia, women reporting frequent mastalgia were more likely to screen positive for
PTSD (odds ratio [OR] 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2 to 8.4), major depression (OR
4.2, 2.6 to 6.9), panic disorder (OR 7.1, 3.9 to 12.8), eating disorder (OR 2.6, 1.5 to 4.7),
alcohol misuse (OR 1.8, 1.1 to 2.8), or domestic violence (OR 3.1, 1.9 to 5.0), and to
report fibromyalgia (OR 3.9, 2.1 to 7.4), chronic pelvic pain (OR 5.4, 2.7 to 10.5), or
irritable bowel syndrome (OR 2.8, 1.6 to 4.8). Women with infrequent mastalgia were also
more likely than women without mastalgia to screen positive for PTSD, depression, or
panic disorder, or report pelvic pain or irritable bowel syndrome, although associations
were weaker than with frequent mastalgia. Conclusions: Like other unexplained pain
syndromes, frequent mastalgia is strongly associated with PTSD and other psychiatric
conditions. Clinicians seeing patients with frequent mastalgia should inquire about anxiety,
depression, alcohol misuse, and trauma history.
KOC
Jones, E.
Post-combat syndromes from the Boer war to the Gulf war: a cluster analysis of their
nature and attribution / E. Jones...[et al.]
In: British Medical Journal = ISSN 0959 8138: vol. 324 (2002), issue 7333, page 321-324.
Oorlogssyndromen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Geschiedenis
Investigated whether post-combat syndromes have existed after modern wars and what
relation they bear to each other. Medical and military records were reviewed for 1,856
veterans randomly selected from war pension files awarded from 1,872 and from the
Medical Assessment Programme for Gulf war veterans. The authors examined
characteristic patterns of symptom clusters and their relation to war, diagnosis,
predisposing physical illness, and exposure to combat. Servicemen's changing attributions
for post-combat disorders were also studied. Three varieties of post-combat disorder were
identified--a debility syndrome (associated with the 19th and early 20th centuries), somatic
syndrome (related primarily to WWI), and a neuropsychiatric syndrome (associated with
WWII and the Gulf conflict). The era in which the war occurred was overwhelmingly the
best predictor of cluster membership. The authors conclude that all modern wars have
been associated with a syndrome characterized by unexplained medical symptoms. The
form that these assume, the terms used to describe them, and the explanations offered by
96

servicemen and doctors seem to be influenced by advances in medical science, changes
in the nature of warfare, and underlying cultural forces.
KOC
Kalra, H.
Caregiver burden in anxiety disorders / H. Kalra...[et al.]
In: Current opinion in psychiatry = ISSN 0951-7367: vol. 21 (2008), issue 1, page 70-73.
Angststoornissen
PTSD
Overdracht
Gezinnen
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Family burden research has primarily focused on severe mental
disorders. Despite the high prevalence and chronic disabling nature of anxiety disorders,
family burden has been relatively neglected in our understanding of their impact on
caregivers. The paper reviews the available evidence on caregivers' burden in different
anxiety disorders. FINDINGS: Obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress
disorder are the only anxiety disorders that have been studied in this regard, while there is
a significant lack of data about other anxiety disorders. Caregiver burden in obsessivecompulsive
disorder is equivalent to that of severe mental disorders like schizophrenia
and affective disorders. Spouses/partners and children experience a significant degree of
burden in looking after their relatives with posttraumatic stress disorder. SUMMARY:
Available limited data indicates an adverse impact on families looking after their relatives
with anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress
disorder. There is an urgent need for further research to increase our understanding of
family burden and, accordingly, to support families involved in the care of patients with
anxiety disorders. The impact of caregiver burden on disease and recovery in anxiety
disorders also needs to be addressed in future research.
KOC
Karczmar, A.
Anticholinesterases: dramatic aspects of their use and misuse / A. Karczmar
In: Neurochemistry International = ISSN 0197-0186: vol. 32 (1998), issue 5-6, page 401-
411.
Psychofarmaca
Golfoorlogsyndroom
While the lore of anticholinesterases (antiChEs), particularly physostigmine and its natural
source, the Calabar bean predates our scientific era, the pharmacological development of
physostigmine analogues and related agents and of the antiChEs of the
organophosphorus (OP) type, is a matter of the last 2 centuries; this development has
reached an exponential character in the last 50 years. This review relates some of the
uses and misuses of these drugs. First, the author focuses on the clinical applications of
antiChEs in the treatment of Senile Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (SDAT) and on the
uses and misuses of antiChEs in this area. Second, the author discusses the applied use
of antiChEs as insecticides. Their employment may mean the difference between life and
starvation but there are notable dangers with this application of OP drugs. Finally, there is
the significant and tragic development of the OP drugs as warfare agents and tools for
terrorists and rogue states; the author discusses the several types of toxicity of OP agents
and their mechanisms. The enigma of the Persian Gulf War Syndrome is stressed.
KOC
97

Kelly, M.M.
Effects of military trauma exposure on women veterans' use and perceptions of Veterans
Health Administration care / M.M. Kelly...[et al.]
In: Journal of general internal medicine = ISSN 0884-8734: (2008) (apr).
Seksueel geweld
Hulpverlening
Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
Veteranen
Vrouwen
Beleid
BACKGROUND: Few studies have addressed how military trauma exposure, particularly
sexual assault and combat exposure, affects women veterans' use and perceptions of
Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study
was to evaluate the effects of military sexual assault and combat exposure on women
veterans' use and perceptions of different aspects of VHA care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional
telephone survey of a national sample of women veterans. PARTICIPANTS: Women from
the VA's National Registry of Women Veterans. MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic
characteristics, VHA care utilization, perceptions of care. RESULTS: Women veterans
with histories of military sexual assault reported more use of VHA services, but less
satisfaction, poorer perceptions of VHA facilities and staff, and more problems with VHA
services compared to women veterans without histories of sexual assault. Combat
exposure was related to more problems with VHA staff, although few other differences
were observed for women with and without histories of combat exposure.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide information on areas that can be targeted with respect
to caring for women veterans exposed to military sexual trauma and combat exposure,
including improving interactions with VHA staff and the ease of using VHA services.
KOC
Kerns, R.D.
Research on pain and pain management in Veterans Health Administration: promoting
improved pain care for veterans through science and scholarship / R.D. Kerns
In: Journal of rehabilitation research and development = ISSN 0748-7711: vol. 44 (2007),
issue 2, page vii-x.
Pijn
Veteranen
Onderzoek
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
KOC
Kilshaw, S.
Gulf War syndrome: a reaction to psychiatry's invasion of the military? / S. Kilshaw...[et al.]
In: Culture, medicine and psychiatry = ISSN 0165-005X: (2008) (mar).
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Interviews
Following the 1991 Gulf War, a number of soldiers who fought there began to complain of
various symptoms and disorders, the collection of which came to be known as Gulf War
syndrome (GWS). A debate has raged about the nature and cause of this illness, with
many suggesting that it is a psychiatric condition. GWS continues to be a contested
illness, yet there is no disputing that many Gulf veterans are ill. This article considers the
98

way in which GWS sufferers understand their illness to be physical in nature and the way
in which they negotiate and resist psychological theories of their illness. Based on 14
months of ethnographic fieldwork in the United Kingdom, data for this article were
collected mainly by in-depth, semistructured interviews with GWS sufferers, their family
members, doctors, and scientists, as well as healthy Gulf veterans. A total of 93
informants were interviewed, including 67 UK Gulf veterans, most of whom were ill. The
paper argues that despite the increasing presence of psychiatry in military discourse,
GWS reveals the way that people are able to transform, negotiate and even negate its
power and assumptions.
KOC
Kilshaw, S.
Toxic emissions: the role of semen in GWS narratives / S. Kilshaw
In: Anthropology & Medicine = ISSN 1364-8470: vol. 14 (2007), issue 3, page 251-258.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Mannelijkheid
Sociologie
Etnografie
Interviews
Narratives about Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) contain discussions of sex and reproduction
and there is a high level of anxiety about these subjects. Although similar to other
medically unexplained conditions, GWS has distinctive features. The most salient of these
is its contagious nature, with the main vehicle for contamination being semen. GWS
sufferers believe their semen to be affected by their participation in the Gulf War. This
paper focuses on a number of specific symptoms described by Gulf veterans including:
Burning Semen Syndrome, low libido, impotence and birth defects and aims to interpret
why certain symptoms became powerful markers of the condition. Furthermore, the paper
looks at the meaning conveyed by such symptom reporting. Data were generated from 14
months ethnographic fieldwork in the UK including participant observation, semi-structured
interviews and document analysis. Concerns about lack of potency, toxicity and quality
suggest that semen itself is a substance in which social concerns are enacted. The paper
argues that such a focus on and anxiety about semen suggests that GWS narratives
express concerns about masculinity, or, more precisely a loss of masculinity.
KOC
Kimerling, R.
Evaluation of universal screening for military-related sexual trauma / R. Kimerling...[et al.]
In: Psychiatric services = ISSN 1075-2730: vol. 59 (2008), issue 6, page 635-640.
Seksueel geweld
Veteranen
Militairen
Diagnostiek
OBJECTIVES: In response to growing concerns about sexual violence as an
underrecognized traumatic consequence of military service, Veterans Health
Administration policy requires universal screening for sexual trauma sustained during
military service. This prospective study, the first to evaluate national efforts to screen for
military sexual trauma, investigated whether sexual trauma screening is associated with
increased utilization of mental health services. METHODS: This study examined data for
all male (N=540,381) and female (N=33,259) veterans who had valid responses to
99

screens for military sexual trauma in 2005. The use of mental health services during the
three months after screening was examined for persons who screened positive for military
sexual trauma and for those who screened negative. Findings were stratified by use of
mental health services in the six months before the screening. RESULTS: Compared with
negative screens, positive screens were associated with significantly increased rates of
postscreen mental health treatment. A more than twofold increase was observed for
patients without previous use of mental health treatment (women: relative risk [RR]=2.52,
95% confidence interval [CI]= 2.38-2.66; men: RR=2.47, 95% CI=2.34-2.61). In this group,
the number of positive screens needed for one additional patient to access treatment was
5.5 for women and 7.2 for men. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that detection via
screening is associated with increased rates of mental health treatment. An effective
screening program that promotes detection of sexual trauma and access to mental health
care can help to reduce the burden of psychiatric illness for those who have experienced
military sexual trauma.
KOC
Kirby, A.C.
Smoking in help-seeking veterans with PTSD returning from Afghanistan and Iraq / A.C.
Kirby...[et al.]
In: Addictive behaviors = ISSN 0306-4603: (2008) (may).
PTSD
Veteranen
Roken
Zelfhulpgroepen
Afghanistan
Irak
Diagnostiek
Past research has shown that veterans and individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) have increased rates of smoking. However, the rates of smoking in younger helpseeking
veterans returning from Afghanistan and Iraq, and possible correlates of smoking
among this population are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the rate of lifetime and
current smoking among a sample of 90 returning male veterans diagnosed with PTSD.
Fifty-nine percent reported a lifetime history of smoking including 32% that were current
smokers. Current smokers were significantly younger than non-smokers. Current smokers
(mean age=31) reported a mean age of smoking onset as 15.86 with a pack year history
of 8.89. These smokers reported on average five previous quit attempts. According to a
stages of change model, one-half of the smokers were in the contemplation phase of
stopping smoking (50%), 29% were in the pre-contemplation phase and 21% were in the
preparation phase. The results are placed in the context of non-psychiatric and psychiatric
smokers.
KOC
Kiser, K.
Coming home / K. Kiser
In: Minnesota medicine = ISSN 0026-556X: vol. 90 (2008), issue 12, page 10-11.
Nazorg
Militairen
Verenigde Staten
KOC
100

Klaassens, E.R.
Mental health of Dutch Peacekeeping Veterans 10-25 years after deployment / E.R.
Klaassens, T. van Veen, J.M.P. Weerts and F.G. Zitman
In: European psychiatry = ISSN 0924-9338: (2008) (may).
Geestelijke gezondheid
Veteranen
Nederland
Lange-termijn effecten
OBJECTIVE: This report describes the mental health of Dutch peacekeeping veterans,
10--25 years after deployment, and its association with deployment-related traumatic
events. METHOD: We randomly selected a group of 1046 peacekeeping veterans, who
participated in military missions in Lebanon, former Yugoslavia, and various other
missions between 1979 and 1997. We sent a questionnaire assessing current levels of
psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory -- BSI), and a questionnaire assessing
trauma related to deployment. RESULTS: Psychological data were available for 729
veterans. In 83% of the veterans, no significant psychological distress was found, whereas
17% scored above the BSI cut-off for psychopathology. Interestingly, this percentage was
equal to that in a non-patient norm group. CONCLUSION: From this finding we concluded
that 10--25 years post-deployment, Dutch peacekeeping veterans do not show more
psychological distress than the general Dutch population. In addition, we did not find a
significant association between trauma exposure 10--25 years ago and current BSI
scores. Moreover, trauma-exposure explained only 9% of the variance in psychological
distress. Thus, although military peacekeeping operations may have a strong impact on
the lives of soldiers, in this group of veterans they do not seem to have caused severe
psychological distress10--25 years after deployment.
KOC
Koenig, H.G.
Depressive symptoms and nine-year survival of 1,001 male veterans hospitalized with
medical illness / H.G. Koenig...[et al.]
In: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry = ISSN 1064-7481: vol. 7 (1999), issue 2,
page 124-131.
Depressie
Mortaliteit
Veteranen
Ouderen
Examined the effects of depressive symptoms on after-discharge survival of hospitalized
medically ill male veterans. Psychosocial and physical health evaluations were performed
on a consecutive sample of 1,001 patients aged 20-39 (16%) and 65-102 yrs (84%). Ss or
surviving family members were later contacted by telephone, and Cox proportionalhazards
regression modeled the effects of depressive symptoms on time-to-death,
controlling for demographics and social, psychiatric, and physical health. Follow-up was
obtained on all 1,001 patients (average observation time, 9 yrs), during which 667 patients
died (67%). Patients with depressive symptoms were significantly less likely to survive.
For every 1-point increase on the 12-item Brief Carroll Depression Rating Scale, the
hazard of dying increased by 10%. Age did not significantly affect the association between
depressive symptoms and mortality. Depressive symptoms during acute hospitalization
are a predictor of shortened survival.
KOC
101

Kremen, W.S.
Genes, environment, and time: the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA)/ W.S.
Kremen...[et al.]
In: Twin research and human genetics = ISSN 1832-4274: vol. 9 (2006), issue 6, page
1009-1022.
Tweelingen
Vietnam-veteranen
Cognitie
The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) is a large-scale investigation of cognitive
aging from middle to later age. The intended sample of 1440 twin subjects is recruited
from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (VETR), a registry of middle-aged male-male twin
pairs who both served in the military during the Vietnam conflict (1965-1975). VETSA
employs a multitrait multimethod approach to cognitive assessment to focus on the
genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive processes over time, as well as the
relative contributions to cognitive aging from health, social, personality, and other
contextual factors. The cognitive domains of episodic memory, working memory, abstract
reasoning, and inhibitory executive functioning are assessed through neuropsychological
testing. In addition, VETSA obtains the participant's score on the Armed Forces
Qualification Test, taken at the time of induction into the military around age 20 years, and
re-administers the test. Two other projects--VETSA Cortisol and VETSA Magnetic
Resonance Imaging--are also in progress using subsamples of the VETSA twins. Prior
waves of data collection by VETSA investigators using the VETR have provided historical
data on physical and mental health, while future waves of VETSA data collection are
planned every 5 years. These methods will provide data on multiple phenotypes in the
same individuals with regard to genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive
functioning over time, personality and interpersonal risk and protective factors, stress and
cortisol regulation, and structural brain correlates of aging processes.
KOC
Kremer, W.S.
Pretrauma cognitive ability and risk for posttraumatic stress disorder: a twin study / W.S.
Kremer...[et al.]
In: Archives of general psychiatry = ISSN 0003-990X: vol. 64 (2007), issue 3, page 361-
368.
PTSD
Cognitie
Tweelingen
Vietnam-veteranen
CONTEXT: Cognitive deficits are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
but whether such deficits reflect sequelae or risk factors is not fully resolved. OBJECTIVE:
To determine, in a representative sample, whether preexposure cognitive ability is
associated with risk for PTSD, and whether that risk is genetically mediated. Design,
Setting, and PARTICIPANTS: The co-twin-control study involved 2386 male Vietnam-era
twin veterans with a mean (SD) age of 41.9 (2.7) years, a population-based sample of
men who were in military service during this era. Cognitive ability scores were obtained
just before military induction at a mean (SD) age of 19.7 (1.5) years. Participants included
only individuals who were exposed to potentially traumatic events and underwent
preexposure cognitive testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Armed Forces Qualification
Test (of cognitive ability) percentile scores and PTSD diagnosed by means of structured
interviews. RESULTS: We found a significant dose-response relationship between
102

preexposure cognitive ability and risk for PTSD. After controlling for confounders, the
highest cognitive ability quartile had a 48% lower risk than the lowest ability quartile
(P

Lange, G.
Cognitive functioning in Gulf War Illness / G. Lange...[et al.]
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology = ISSN 1380-3395: vol. 23
(2001), issue 2, page 240-249.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Cognitie
A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered to 48 veterans (mean age
35.5 yrs) with Gulf War Illness (GWI) characterized by severe fatigue (GV-F) and 39
healthy veterans (GV-H; mean age 34.3 yrs). Subjects were matched on intelligence and
did not differ on age, gender, race, and alcohol consumption. Compared to GVs-H, GVs-F
were significantly impaired on four tasks: three attention, concentration, information
processing tasks and one measure of abstraction and conceptualization. After considering
the presence of post-war Axis I psychopathology, GWI remained a significant predictor of
cognitive performance on one of the attention, concentration, and information processing
tasks and one abstraction and conceptualization measure. Performance on the remaining
two attention, concentration, and information processing tasks was only significantly
predicted by Axis I psychopathology with post-war onset. The results suggest that Gulf
War Illness is associated with some aspects of cognitive dysfunction in Gulf Veterans,
over and above the contribution of psychopathology.
KOC
Lange, G.
Psychiatric diagnoses in Gulf War veterans with fatiguing illness / G. Lange...[et al.]
In: Psychiatry Research = ISSN 0165-1781: vol. 89 (2000), issue 1, page 39-48.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Psychische stoornissen
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Determined whether Gulf War Illness (GWI) could be explained by the presence of
psychiatric disorders as assessed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R). To reduce the heterogeneity amongst Persian Gulf War
veterans with GWI (PGV-F), only those were studied who presented with severe fatigue
as a major complaint and also fulfilled clinical case definitions for Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome, Idiopathic Chronic Fatigue, and/or Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. A total of 95
Registry PGVs were examined; 53 presented with GWI and 42 did not report any post-war
health problems (PGV-H). All Ss were assessed for the presence of DSM-III--R Axis I
psychiatric disorders. Compared to PGV-Hs, 49% of PGV-Fs had similar post-war
psychiatric profiles: either no, or only one, psychiatric disorder was diagnosed. Psychiatric
profiles of the remaining 51% of PGV-Fs were significantly different from PGV-Hs in that
most of these veterans suffered from multiple post-war psychiatric diagnoses. The
presence of psychiatric disorders as assessed by DSM-III--R criteria cannot explain
symptoms of Gulf War Illness among all Persian Gulf veterans with severe fatiguing
illness.
KOC
Larson, G.E.
Psychiatric diagnoses in historic and contemporary military cohorts: combat deployment
and the healthy warrior effect / G.E. Larson, R.M. Highfill-McRoy and S. Booth-Kewley
In: American journal of epidemiology = ISSN 0002-9262: (2008) (apr).
Psychische stoornissen
104

Veteranen
Mariniers
Irak
Operation Enduring Freedom
Cohortstudies
Research studies have identified heightened psychiatric problems among veterans of
Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). However, these
studies have not compared incidence rates of psychiatric disorders across robust cohorts,
nor have they documented psychiatric problems prior to combat exposure. The authors'
objectives in this study were to determine incidence rates of diagnosed mental disorders
in a cohort of Marines deployed to combat during OIF or OEF in 2001-2005 and to
compare these with mental disorder rates in two historical and two contemporary military
control groups. After exclusion of persons who had been deployed to a combat zone with
a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis, the cumulative rate of post-OIF/-OEF mental disorders
was 6.4%. All psychiatric conditions except post-traumatic stress disorder occurred at a
lower rate in combat-deployed personnel than in personnel who were not deployed to a
combat zone. The findings suggest that psychiatric disorders in Marines are diagnosed
most frequently during the initial months of recruit training rather than after combat
deployment. The disproportionate loss of psychologically unfit personnel early in training
creates a "healthy warrior effect," because only those persons who have proven their
resilience during training remain eligible for combat.
KOC
Lavretsky, H.
Predictors of two-year mortality in a prospective "UPBEAT" study of elderly veterans with
comorbid medical and psychiatric symptoms / H. Lavretsky...[et al.]
In: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry = ISSN 1064-7481: vol. 10 (2002), issue 4,
page 458-468.
Depressie
Angst
Comorbiditeit
Veteranen
Ouderen
Medical inpatients of nine VA medical centers (N=2,657) were screened for symptoms of
depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse and followed for 24 months. Survivors were
compared with deceased subjects on the severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety,
alcohol abuse, and self-rated health. Mortality was predicted by the length of
hospitalization, as well as poor self-rated health at baseline. The severity of depressive
symptoms and poor self-rated health measured at the time closest to the time of death
also predicted mortality. Lack of improvement in symptoms of depression and anxiety at 6
months was associated with higher rates of mortality.
KOC
Lavretsky, H.
Symptoms of depression and anxiety predict mortality in elderly veterans enrolled in the
UPBEAT program / H. Lavretsky...[et al.]
In: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment = ISSN 0882-2689: vol. 18
(2003), issue 2, page 183-184.
Depressie
Angst
105

Comorbiditeit
Veteranen
Ouderen
In this letter, the authors report on predictors of 24 mo mortality in a convenience sample
of 94 male veterans, age 60 yrs and over. The depression and anxiety subscales of the
Mental Health Index were used to measure the frequency and severity of anxiety and
depression symptoms at screening and follow up. 24 mo mortality was high (21%) in the
sample of severely medically ill veterans with comorbid depression and/or anxiety, when
the 24 mo rate is compared to the 4% annual mortality in the general population 60 yrs
and older. It is noteworthy that meeting threshold criteria for both depression & anxiety still
predicted mortality.
KOC
Laylander, J.A.
A nutrient/toxin interaction theory of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pain-fatigue
syndromes: Part I / J.A. Laylander
In: Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome = ISSN 1057-3321: vol. 5 (1999), issue 1, page
67-91.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Magnesium deficiency plus concomitant fluoride excess (MDFE)
Recent research suggests that Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Fibromyalgia Syndrome
(FMS), and Persian Gulf Syndrome (PGS) may represent the effects of dysfunctions
involving the central and/or peripheral nervous system, neuroendocrine system,
neuromuscular system, immune system, metabolism, or sleep patterns. Each systemic
dysfunction is accepted here as being central to these syndromes but not causal. This
review introduces the theory that the syndromes listed above represent finitely variable
combinations of multiple systemic dysfunctions which all share a common underlying
etiology at the subcellular level: magnesium deficiency plus concomitant fluoride excess
(MDFE). Detailed evidence which supports the theory is presented in a companion review
(see record 2000-05682-003), along with treatment suggestions and a call for clinical trials
to test this theory.
KOC
Laylander, J.A.
A nutrient/toxin interaction theory of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pain-fatigue
syndromes: Part II / J.A. Laylander
In: Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome = ISSN 1057-3321: vol. 5 (1999), issue 1, page
93-126.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Magnesium deficiency plus concomitant fluoride excess (MDFE)
This review is a companion paper to a review (see record 2000-05682-002) which
proposes that Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia Syndrome, and Persian Gulf
Syndrome represent finitely variable combinations of multiple systemic dysfunctions which
share a common underlying etiology at the subcellular level: magnesium deficiency plus
concomitant fluoride excess (MDFE). This review covers the evidence in favor of the
106

theory and lists treatment suggestions and calls for clinical trials to test the theory
presented.
KOC
Lewis-Fern ndez, R.
Elevated rates of current PTSD among Hispanic veterans in the NVVRS: True prevalence
or methodological artifact?/ R. Lewis-Fern ndez...[et al.]
In: Journal of traumatic stress= ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 21 (2008), issue 2, page 123-132.
PTSD
Vietnam-veteranen
Rassenverschillen
Diagnostiek
The elevated rate of current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Hispanic
Vietnam veterans has been attributed to culturally based expressiveness that inflates
symptom self-reports. To investigate this possibility, the authors conducted three
hypothesis-driven analyses with National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS)
data from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-) diagnosed subsample of
male Vietnam Theater veterans (N = 260). First, persistence of the Hispanic elevation
after adjusting for war-zone stress exposure initially suggested the effect of greater
expressiveness. Second, symptom-based analyses isolated this effect to the self-report
Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD and not to the clinician-rated SCID interview.
Third, objective measures of functioning did not reveal a unique Hispanic pattern of lower
impairment associated with current PTSD. These tests suggest that greater Hispanic
expressiveness does not account for the Hispanic elevation in current PTSD in the
NVVRS SCID-diagnosed subsample.
KOC
Lijn, J. van der
Grenzen aan de Nederlandse capaciteit voor deelname aan vredesoperaties: het sturen
van onze jongens en meisjes is complexer dan op het eerste gezicht lijkt / J. van der Lijn
In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 31 (2008), issue 5, page 28-32.
Vredesoperaties
Krijgsmacht
Nederland
Beleid
Hoe komt het dat een krijgsmacht van 62.000 personeelsleden door internationale
operaties waarbij 2000 militairen betrokken zijn, al op zijn tenen moet lopen? Het
antwoord is niet ingewikkeld. Lees onderstaand artikel. Nader beschouwd is het al
wonderbaarlijk dat Nederland 2000 mensen weet uit te zenden.
KOC
Lillis, J.
Assessing spirituality/religiosity in the treatment environment: the Treatment
Spirituality/Religiosity Scale / J. Lillis...[et al.]
In: Journal of substance abuse treatment = ISSN 0740-5472: (2008) (apr).
Alcoholmisbruik
Drugsmisbruik
Veteranen
Behandeling
Spiritualiteit
107

Treatment Spirituality/Religiosity Scale (TSRS)
Validaties
There has been much interest in measuring and evaluating the role of spirituality/religiosity
(S/R) in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This study presents the initial evaluation
of a new measure of S/R in the treatment environment: the Treatment
Spirituality/Religiosity Scale (TSRS). The TSRS has 10 items and can be completed by
both patient and staff to measure the emphasis on S/R in a given treatment program,
which may have important implications for patient-program fit. Data on the TSRS were
gathered from 3,018 patients and 329 staff members from 15 residential SUD treatment
programs within the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System. The TSRS
showed good internal consistency (alpha = .77), a single-factor structure, close agreement
between patients and staff members (r = .93), and good discriminant validity. The TSRS
appears to be a brief, easily administered, and potentially useful measure of the emphasis
on S/R in residential SUD treatment programs.
KOC
Lincoln, A.E.
The war-related illness and injury study centers: a resource for deployment-related health
concerns / A.E. Lincoln...[et al.]
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 171 (2006), issue 7, page 577-585.
PTSD
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Combat veterans often return from deployment having experienced a wide range of
exposures, symptoms, and medical conditions. The Department of Veterans Affairs
established war-related illness and injury study centers to serve combat veterans with
unexplained illnesses. We report the exposures, clinical status, and utilization of 53
combat veterans who participated in the National Referral Program (NRP) from January
2002 until March 2004. Participants were primarily male (81%) and served in the Persian
Gulf War (79%). Common diagnoses were chronic fatigue syndrome (n = 23, 43%),
neurotic depression (n = 21, 40%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 20, 38%). Selfreported
exposures related to weaponry, disease prophylaxis, environmental hazards,
stress, and poor hygiene. A small increase in mean SF-36V mental component scores
(2.8 points, p = 0.009) and use of rehabilitation therapies (1.6 additional visits, p = 0.018)
followed the NRP referral. The small gain in mental function suggests that the NRP may
benefit combat veterans with long and complex medical histories.
KOC
Lindem, K.
Neuropsychological performance in Gulf War era veterans: motivational factors and effort /
K. Lindem...[et al.]
In: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment = ISSN 0882-2689: vol. 25
(2003), issue 2, page 129-138.
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
108

Assuming that the underlying etiology of unexplained health-related symptoms in returning
Gulf War (GW) veterans is multifactorial, the possible role of feigning or exaggeration of
symptoms is worth consideration as a contributing factor. The present study assessed the
relationship between motivation to perform well during neuropsychological assessment
and objective neuropsychological test performance. Motivation was measured as the
score on a visual memory task (Test of Memory Malingering, TOMM) of low difficulty.
Participants included 77 veterans from the cohorts of GW- (n = 58) and Germanydeployed
(n = 19) GW-era veterans described in two other papers in this issue who were
administered the TOMM. Most veterans earned perfect or near-perfect scores on the
TOMM (48-50/50). Scores

health effects for exposed veterans and nearby civilian populations. The study described
in this paper used mathematical modeling to estimate health risks from exposure to DU
during the 1991 Gulf War for both US troops and nearby Iraqi civilians. The analysis found
that the risks of DU-induced leukemia or birth defects are far too small to result in an
observable increase in these health effects among exposed veterans or Iraqi civilians. The
analysis indicated that only a few ( approximately 5) US veterans in vehicles accidentally
targeted by US tanks received significant exposure levels, resulting in about a 1.4%
lifetime risk of DU radiation-induced fatal cancer (compared with about a 24% risk of a
fatal cancer from all other causes). These veterans may have also experienced temporary
kidney damage. Iraqi children playing for 500 h in DU-destroyed vehicles are predicted to
incur a cancer risk of about 0.4%. In vitro and animal tests suggest the possibility of
chemically induced health effects from DU internalization, such as immune system
impairment. Further study is needed to determine the applicability of these findings for
Gulf War exposure to DU. Veterans and civilians who did not occupy DU-contaminated
vehicles are unlikely to have internalized quantities of DU significantly in excess of normal
internalization of natural uranium from the environment.
KOC
Martin, E.M.
Traumatic brain injuries sustained in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars / E.M. Martin...[et al.]
In: The American journal of nursing = ISSN 0002-936X: vol. 108 (2008), issue 4, page 40-
47.
Hersenletsel
Militairen
Afghanistan
Irak
Verpleging
Casuïstiek
Because these injuries can go unrecognized, nurses stateside need to know how to
recognize possible cases and how to help. OVERVIEW: When traumatic brain injury (TBI)
occurs simultaneously with more obviously life-threatening wounds, it may go
unrecognized. Civilians and military personnel working in or near combat zones are at risk
for this injury. Blast-related and closed-head injuries, rather than penetrating injuries,
constitute the majority of TBIs in this population. The authors describe the experiences of
the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center team at Walter Reed Army Medical Center
in Washington, DC, and present a composite case to illustrate the nurse's role in the
assessment and care of the TBI patient.
KOC
Matthieu, M.M.
Evaluation of gatekeeper training for suicide prevention in veterans / M.M. Matthieu...[et
al.]
In: Archives of suicide research = ISSN 1381-1118: vol. 12 (2008), issue 2, page 148-154.
Zelfmoord
Veteranen
Preventie
Evaluaties
Clinical providers and "front line" nonclinical staff who work with veterans, families, and
communities are natural gatekeepers to identify and to refer veterans at risk for suicide. A
national cohort (n = 602) of community based counseling center staff from the U.S.
110

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) participated in an evaluation of a brief standardized
gatekeeper training program and a scripted behavioral rehearsal practice session. A
significant difference in knowledge and self efficacy was observed from pre to post (p <
.0001) with the nonclinicians showing larger effect sizes for knowledge (0.96 vs. 0.42) and
self efficacy (0.89 vs. 0.41). Gatekeeper training for suicide prevention shows promise for
increasing the capacity of VA staff to work with at risk veterans.
KOC
McDiarmid, M.A.
Health surveillance of Gulf War I veterans exposed to depleted uranium: updating the
cohort / M.A. McDiarmid...[et al.]
In: Health physics = ISSN 0017-9078: vol. 93 (2007), issue 1, page 60-73.
Verarmd uranium
Golfoorlogveteranen
Gezondheid
A cohort of seventy-four 1991 Gulf War soldiers with known exposure to depleted uranium
(DU) resulting from their involvement in friendly-fire incidents with DU munitions is being
followed by the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Biennial medical surveillance
visits designed to identify uranium-related changes in health have been conducted since
1993. On-going systemic exposure to DU in veterans with embedded metal fragments is
indicated by elevated urine uranium (U) excretion at concentrations up to 1,000-fold higher
than that seen in the normal population. Health outcome results from the subcohort of this
group of veterans attending the 2005 surveillance visit were examined based on two
measures of U exposure. As in previous years, current U exposure is measured by
determining urine U concentration at the time of their surveillance visit. A cumulative
measure of U exposure was also calculated based on each veteran's past urine U
concentrations since first exposure in 1991. Using either exposure metric, results
continued to show no evidence of clinically significant DU-related health effects. Urine
concentrations of retinol binding protein (RBP), a biomarker of renal proximal tubule
function, were not significantly different between the low vs. high U groups based on either
the current or cumulative exposure metric. Continued evidence of a weak genotoxic effect
from the on-going DU exposure as measured at the HPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine
phosphoribosyl transferase) locus and suggested by the fluorescent in-situ hybridization
(FISH) results in peripheral blood recommends the need for continued surveillance of this
population.
KOC
McDonald, S.D.
Factorial invariance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms across three veteran
samples / S.D. McDonald...[et al.]
In: Journal of Traumatic Stress = ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 21 (2008), issue 3, page 309-317.
PTSD
DSM-IV
Nosologie
Research generally supports a 4-factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
symptoms. However, few studies have established factor invariance by comparing
multiple groups. This study examined PTSD symptom structure using the Davidson
Trauma Scale (DTS) across three veteran samples: treatment-seeking Vietnam-era
veterans, treatment-seeking post-Vietnam-era veterans, and Operation Enduring
Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veteran research participants. Confirmatory
111

factor analyses of DTS items demonstrated that a 4-factor structural model of the DTS
(reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal) was superior to five alternate
models, including the conventional 3-factor model proposed by the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric
Association, 1994). Results supported factor invariance across the three veteran cohorts,
suggesting that cross-group comparisons are interpretable. Implications and applications
for DSM-IV nosology and the validity of symptom measures are discussed.
KOC
McFee, R.B.
Gulf war servicemen and servicewomen: the long road home and the role of health care
professionals to enhance the troops' health and healing / R.B. McFee
In: Disease-a-month = ISSN 0011-5029: vol. 54 (2008), issue 5, page 265-333.
Gezondheid
Golfoorlogveteranen
Hulpverlening
KOC
McNally, Richard J.
Can we solve the mysteries of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study? /
Richard J. McNally
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 192-200.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Vietnam-veteranen
Irak
Veteranen
Epidemiologie
Onderzoek
The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) researchers reported that
30.9% of all men who served in that conflict developed posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) even though only about 15% had been assigned to combat units. Scholars, mainly
historians, have questioned the accuracy of the PTSD prevalence rate. The purpose of
this article is to evaluate the merits of several hypotheses adduced to explain the high
apparent PTSD prevalence in the NVVRS. Empirical and conceptual analysis suggests
that malingering is unlikely to account for many cases. Also, deployment to Vietnam in the
absence of exposure to classic traumatic stressors is likewise unlikely to account for many
cases. There are three plausible explanations for the high prevalence rate of PTSD in the
NVVRS. First, DSM-III-R PTSD criteria, used in the NVVRS, did not require that
symptoms produce impairment. Accordingly, some PTSD-positive cases may actually
have been leading productive lives, despite occasional nightmares, or other stress
responses. Second, some men assigned to non-combat duty (e.g., medics) may have
been exposed to PTSD-inducing stressors. Third, some respondents may have invoked
the Vietnam-PTSD narrative to make sense of postwar psychological difficulties having
diverse causes unrelated to their military service. These three factors likely contribute to
the high PTSD prevalence rate in the NVVRS.
McNally, R.J.
Can we solve the mysteries of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study? / R.J.
McNally
112

In: Journal of anxiety disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 192-200.
PTSD
Vietnam-veteranen
National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS)
Diagnostiek
The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) researchers reported that
30.9% of all men who served in that conflict developed posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) even though only about 15% had been assigned to combat units. Scholars, mainly
historians, have questioned the accuracy of the PTSD prevalence rate. The purpose of
this article is to evaluate the merits of several hypotheses adduced to explain the high
apparent PTSD prevalence in the NVVRS. Empirical and conceptual analysis suggests
that malingering is unlikely to account for many cases. Also, deployment to Vietnam in the
absence of exposure to classic traumatic stressors is likewise unlikely to account for many
cases. There are three plausible explanations for the high prevalence rate of PTSD in the
NVVRS. First, DSM-III-R PTSD criteria, used in the NVVRS, did not require that
symptoms produce impairment. Accordingly, some PTSD-positive cases may actually
have been leading productive lives, despite occasional nightmares, or other stress
responses. Second, some men assigned to non-combat duty (e.g., medics) may have
been exposed to PTSD-inducing stressors. Third, some respondents may have invoked
the Vietnam-PTSD narrative to make sense of postwar psychological difficulties having
diverse causes unrelated to their military service. These three factors likely contribute to
the high PTSD prevalence rate in the NVVRS.
KOC
McNally, R.J.
Psychology: psychiatric casualties of war / R.J. McNally
In: Science = ISSN 0193-4511: vol. 313 (2008), issue 5789, page 923-924.
Psychiatrische stoornissen
Oorlog
KOC
Meijler, Frits L.
Mijn oorlog, mijn hart / Frits L. Meijler. - Houten : Sapienta, cop. 2007. - 390 p. : ill. ; 22 cm
Met lit. opg. en reg.
ISBN 978-90-8562-052-5
Joden
Onderduiken
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Indië-veteranen
Medische beroepen
Cardiologie
Autobiografieën
s8.2 MEIJ
KOC
Menon, P.
Hippocampal dysfunction in Gulf War Syndrome: a proton MR spectroscopy study / P.
Menon...[et al.]
In: Brain Research = ISSN: vol. 1009 (2004), issue 1-2, page 189-194.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
113

Golfoorlog-veteranen
Vietnam-veteranen
Neurobiologie
The pathogenesis of Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) is not clearly understood. Data exist to
suggest that GWS may originate from a combination of chronic fatigue and sensitivity to
the exposure of exogenous agents. Since the head region of hippocampus is highly
vascularized and thus vulnerable to toxic substances in circulation, we postulated that
hippocampal impairment occurs in GWS. To test this, single volume localized in vivo
proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) studies of the left and right hippocampi of consenting Gulf
War veterans (N=15; 10 with GWS, and 5 without GWS) and control Vietnam veterans
(N=6) were conducted in accordance with approved human study protocols. The N-acetyl
aspartate (NAA) to creatine and choline to creatine ratios were computed from the
spectra. The NAA/creatine ratio of the GWS group (N=10) was found to be significantly
lower than that of the entire control group (N=11) or the unaffected GW control group
(N=5). No laterality differences were observed among any of the three groups. The
choline/creatine ratio of the GWS group was not different from that for either control group.
To check the existence of any relationship between age and the NAA/creatine ratios, the
entire study population was grouped into those below or above the median age (44.3
years). It was found that the NAA/Cre ratio of the younger group (only Gulf War veterans)
was significantly lower than that of the older group. The lower NAA/creatine ratio for the
GWS group points to the existence of hippocampal dysfunction.
KOC
Militaire
Militaire psychiatrie in Nederland. De opvang van Nederlandse militairen tussen 1945-
1965 / M.G.H. Slotboom. - [s.n. ; s.l.], 2008. - 60 p. ; 30 cm
Mastertraject Medische Geschiedenis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. - Met lit. opg..
Militairen
Veteranen
Nederlands-Indië
Indië-veteranen
Vietnam
Korea
Korea-veteranen
Terugkeer en opvang
Nazorg
PTSD
Militaire psychiatrie
Scripties
s8.2 SLO
Geen uitleen
Miller, C.S.
Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance / C.S. Miller
In: Addiction = ISSN 0965-2140: vol. 96 (2001), issue 1, page 115-139.
Gezondheid
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Discusses toxicant-induced loss of tolerance as appearing to bridge the gap between drug
addiction and abdiction (multiple chemical intolerance), with the potential to explain
114

illnesses such as certain cases of asthma, migraine headaches and depression, as well
as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and Gulf War syndrome. The author argues that
both addiction and chemical intolerance involve a fundamental breakdown in innate
tolerance, resulting in an amplification of various biological effects, particularly withdrawal
symptoms. While addicts seek further exposures so as to avoid unpleasant withdrawal
symptoms, chemically intolerant individuals shun their problem exposures, but also to
avoid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. These observations raise critical questions: do
addictive drugs and environmental pollutants initiate an identical disease process? Once
this process begins, can both addictants and pollutants trigger symptoms and cravings?
Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance is seen as opening a new window between the fields of
addiction and environmental medicine, one with the potential to transform neighboring
realms of medicine, psychology, psychiatry and toxicology.
KOC
Miranda, M.L.
Spatial analysis of the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among 1991 Gulf War
veterans / M.L. Miranda...[et al.]
In: Neurotoxicology = ISSN 0161-813X: (2008) (jun).
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
BACKGROUND: Veterans of the 1991 Gulf War have an increased risk of amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the etiology is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to
identify geographic areas with elevated risk for the later development of ALS among
military personnel who served in the first Gulf War. METHODS: A unified geographic
information system (GIS) was constructed to allow analysis of secondary data on troop
movements in the 1991 Gulf War theatre in the Persian Gulf region including Iraq,
northern Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. We fit Bayesian Poisson regression models to adjust
for potential risk factors, including one relatively discrete environmental exposure, and to
identify areas associated with elevated risk of ALS. RESULTS: We found that service in
particular locations of the Gulf was associated with an elevated risk for later developing
ALS, both before and after adjustment for branch of service and potential of exposure to
chemical warfare agents in and around Khamisiyah, Iraq. CONCLUSIONS: Specific
geographic locations of troop units within the 1991 Gulf War theatre are associated with
an increased risk for the subsequent development of ALS among members of those units.
The identified spatial locations represent the logical starting points in the search for
potential etiologic factors of ALS among Gulf War veterans. Of note, for locations where
the relative odds of subsequently developing ALS are among the highest, specific risk
factors, whether environmental or occupationally related, have not been identified. The
results of spatial models can be used to subsequently look for risk factors that follow the
spatial pattern of elevated risk.
KOC
Mohamed, S.
Pharmacotherapy of PTSD in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: diagnostic- and
symptom-guided drug selection / S. Mohamed and R.A. Rosenheck
In: Journal of clinical psychiatry = ISSN 0160-6689: (2008) (jun), page 1-7.
PTSD
Veteranen
Psychofarmaca
115

Behandeling
BACKGROUND: Although increasing numbers of war veterans are seeking treatment for
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA),
information on the role of psychotropic pharmacotherapy in their treatment has not been
available. METHOD: Records of psychotropic prescriptions for all VA patients diagnosed
with ICD-9 PTSD (N = 274,297) in fiscal year 2004 (October 1, 2003, to September 30,
2004) were examined. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were
used to identify veteran characteristics and measures of service use that were associated
with receipt of any psychotropic medication and, among users of such medications, with
use of each of 3 medication classes: antidepressants, anxiolytics/sedative-hypnotics, and
antipsychotics. RESULTS: Most veterans diagnosed with PTSD received psychotropic
medication (80%), and among these, 89% were prescribed antidepressants, 61%
anxiolytics/sedative-hypnotics, and 34% antipsychotics. Greater likelihood of medication
use was associated with greater mental health service use and comorbid psychiatric
disorders. Among comorbidities, medication-appropriate comorbid diagnoses were the
most robust predictors of use of each of the 3 medication subclasses, i.e., depressive
disorders were associated with antidepressant use, anxiety disorders with
anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic use, and psychotic disorders with antipsychotic use. Use of
anxiolytics/sedative-hypnotics and antipsychotics in the absence of a clearly indicated
diagnosis was substantial. CONCLUSION: Diverse psychotropic medication classes are
extensively used in the treatment of PTSD in the VA. While disease-specific use for both
PTSD and comorbid disorders is common, substantial use seems to be unrelated to
diagnosis and thus is likely to be targeted at specific symptoms (e.g., insomnia, anxiety,
nightmares, and flashbacks) rather than diagnosed illnesses. A new type of efficacy
research may be needed to determine symptom responses to psychotropic medications
as well as disorder responses, perhaps across diagnoses.
KOC
Monson, C.M.
Change in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: do clinicians and patients agree? /
C.M. Monson...[et al.]
In: Psychological assessment = ISSN 1040-3590: vol. 20 (2008), issue 2, page 131-138.
PTSD
Veteranen
Diagnostiek
Hulpverleners
Patiënten
This study assessed the longitudinal association between clinician and patient ratings of
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over the course of 2 different randomized
clinical trials of veterans with chronic PTSD. One trial, the Department of Veterans Affairs
Cooperative Study 420 (CSP 420; N = 360) compared trauma-focused and presentcentered
group therapies, and the 2nd trial compared cognitive processing theory and a
waitlist control condition (N = 60). Linear mixed effects modeling revealed significant
associations between clinician ratings (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CAPS; D. D.
Blake et al., 1990) and patient ratings (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist; PCL; F.
W. Weathers, B. T. Litz, J. A. Herman, J. A. Huska, & T. M. Keane, 1993) in total and
symptom clusters of PTSD. Contrary to hypothesis, the amount of change on the CAPS
ranged from .75 to .82 standard deviations for every 1 standard deviation change on the
PCL. The CAPS and PCL were more closely associated in the trauma-focused vs.
present-centered treatment condition in CSP 420, and especially regarding hyperarousal
116

symptoms. When comparing categorization of clinically significant change on the CAPS
and PCL, the authors found no differences in the percentages of agreement between
clinicians and patients in improvement and exacerbation. The value of multimodal
assessment of PTSD treatment outcomes is discussed.
KOC
Morrison, J.
Our favorite tips for interviewing veterans / J. Morrison and J. Boehnlein
In: The Psychiatric clinics of North America = ISSN 0193-953X: vol. 30 (2007), issue 2,
page 269-273.
Interviews
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
Like many mental health patients, veterans often come to psychiatrists with their defenses
raised by past experience with caregivers whom they perceive as lacking in
understanding. Although health care professionals' own veteran and combat status
sometimes can afford instant credibility, not all providers have wartime experience to use
in developing rapport with their patients. To connect rapidly and effectively with their
sometimes suspicious patients, they must find other ways to speed rapport. This article
discusses the issues of establishing rapport, keeping an open mind, and dealing with
questions about the clinician's own opinions that arise in interviewing veterans.
KOC
Nagelkirk, P.R.
Aerobic capacity of Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue syndrome / P.R. Nagelkirk...[et
al.]
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 168 (2003), issue 9, page 750-755.
Gezondheid
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Bewegingsinspanning
Chronische vermoeidheidssyndroom (CVS)
Golfoorlogsyndroom
A large overlap exists between the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and the
unexplained symptoms reported by many Gulf War veterans (GV). Previous investigations
have reported reduced aerobic capacity in civilians with CFS. The present investigation
examined metabolic responses to maximal exercise in GVs with CFS compared with
healthy GVs. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses were recorded during a maximal
exercise test on a cycle ergometer. The groups were not different in any demographic
category or self-reported physical activity. No differences were observed between groups
for maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, exercise time, or workload achieved. Likewise, no
differences were observed at submaximal intensities. Compared with healthy controls,
GVs who report multiple medically unexplained symptoms and meet criteria for CFS do
not show a decreased exercise capacity. Thus, it does not appear that the pathology of
the GVs with CFS includes a deficiency with mobilizing the cardiopulmonary system for
strenuous physical effort.
KOC
Nelson, C.
Veterans' mysterious maladies: studies continue to examine the effects of depleted
uranium on returning soldiers / C. Nelson
117

In: State legislatures = ISSN 0147-6041: vol. 34 (2008), issue 5, page 28-29.
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Veteranen
Verarmd uranium
KOC
Nelson, K.M.
Veterans using and uninsured veterans not using Veterans Affairs (VA) health care / K.M.
Nelson, G.A. Starkebaum and G.E. Reiber
In: Public Health Reports = ISSN 0094-6214: vol. 122 (2007), issue 1, page 93-100.
Veteranen
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
Verzekeringen
Hulpverlening
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine veteran reliance on
health services provided by the Veterans Health Administration (VA), (2) describe the
characteristics of veterans who receive VA care, and (3) report rates of uninsurance
among veterans and characteristics of uninsured veterans. METHODS: The authors
analyzed data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using bivariate
and multivariate analyses, the association of veteran's demographic characteristics, health
insurance coverage, and use of VA services were examined. Veterans not reporting VA
coverage and having no other source of health insurance were considered uninsured.
RESULTS: Among veteran respondents, 6.2% reported receiving all of their health care at
the VA, 6.9% reported receiving some of their health care at the VA, and 86.9% did not
use VA health care. Poor, less-educated, and minority veterans were more likely to
receive all of their health care at the VA. Veterans younger than age 65 who utilized the
VA for all of their health care also reported coverage with either private insurance (42.6%)
or Medicare (36.3%). Of the veterans younger than age 65, 8.6% (population estimate: 1.3
million individuals) were uninsured. Uninsured veterans were less likely to be able to
afford a doctor or see a doctor within the last year. CONCLUSIONS: Veterans who utilized
the VA for all of their health care were more likely to be from disadvantaged groups. A
large number of veterans who could use VA services were uninsured. They should be
targeted for VA enrollment given the detrimental clinical effects of being uninsured.
KOC
Nicolson, G.L.
Gulf War illnesses: chemical, biological and radiological exposures resulting in chronic
fatiguing illnesses can be identified and treated / G.L. Nicolson...[et al.]
In: Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome = ISSN 1057-3321: vol. 11 (2003), issue 1, page
135-154.
Gezondheid
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Chronische vermoeidheidssyndroom (CVS)
Behandeling
Gulf War illnesses involve multiple, complex chronic signs and symptoms that loosely fit
the clinical criteria for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)
and/or Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). Most Gulf War illness patients had multiple
exposures: (a) complex chemical mixtures, including organophosphate pesticides, antinerve
agents, carbamates and possibly nerve and blister agents, (b) radiological sources,
118

subjecting patients to both heavy metal and radiation effects, and (c) biological sources,
including bacteria and toxins and the effects of multiple vaccines. Chemically exposed
patients may benefit by removing offending chemicals and depleting toxic chemicals from
the patient's system and other symptomatic treatments. Patients with systemic infections,
including mycoplasma and other chronic bacterial infections, can be treated with
antibiotics and additional nutritional supplementation. Some patients may have their
illness linked to radiological exposures, and a minority to battlefield stress. The vaccines
are a prime suspect for immune dysfunction and chronic infections. The multiple, complex
exposures resulted in poorly defined chronic illnesses, but subsets of Gulf War illness can
be identified and effectively treated using appropriate ...
KOC
Nye, E.C.
Attachment organization in Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder /
E.C. Nye...[et al.]
In: Attachment & human development = ISSN 1461-6734: vol. 10 (2008), issue 1, page
41-57.
PTSD
Vietnam-veteranen
Hechting
Attachment organization in a combat-related PTSD sample was investigated and
compared with previously published clinical and non-clinical samples. The association
between insecure attachment and unresolved mourning classification (U-loss) and
between U-loss and PTSD symptoms was investigated. Vietnam combat veterans
diagnosed with PTSD and in treatment (N = 48) were administered the Adult Attachment
Interview, the SCID-IV, and CAPS. The PTSD sample was like non-clinical samples in the
incidence of secure attachment (50%), but were more commonly unresolved. Veterans
with insecure attachment organizations were more likely than those with secure
attachment to be classified U-loss. U-loss classification was associated with greater
likelihood of comorbid anxiety disorders and PTSD avoidance/numbing symptoms. The
results suggest that while insecure attachment organization is associated with unresolved
mourning in response to loss, it is not differentially associated with combat-related PTSD.
The relationship between U-loss and PTSD is discussed in light of current literature.
KOC
O'Brien, C.
Difficulty identifying feelings predicts the persistence of trauma symptoms in a sample of
veterans who experienced military sexual trauma / C. O'Brien...[et al.]
In: The Journal of nervous and mental disease = ISSN 0022-3018: vol. 196 (2008), issue
3, page 252-255.
PTSD
Alexithymia
Seksueel geweld
Militairen
Veteranen
The current study examined the prospective association between alexithymia and the
persistence of trauma symptoms in a clinical sample of 175 male and female veterans
who experienced sexual trauma during military service (military sexual trauma; MST).
Trauma symptoms decreased significantly over the course of a specialized residential
treatment program. Difficulty identifying feelings was related to persistence of the following
119

trauma symptoms: overall symptoms, sexual abuse trauma symptoms, dissociative
symptoms, and anxiety. Men exhibited more persistent symptoms overall, more persistent
sexual problems, and more sexual abuse trauma symptoms compared with women (over
and above controlling for symptoms at intake). The results speak to the significant role
that difficulty identifying feelings has in the treatment of PTSD. In addition, the results
suggest that MST has different implications for men compared with women. Specifically,
men who were sexually abused in the military experienced greater persistence of
symptoms compared with women, especially in the areas of sexual functioning.
KOC
Oddone, E.Z.
Veterans Affairs Research and Development: using science to improve health care for
veterans / E.Z. Oddone and S. Eisen
In: North Carolina medical journal = ISSN 0029-2559: vol. 69 (2008), issue 1, page 35-37.
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
Onderzoek
Beleid
VA has a rich tradition in supporting research in areas that span basic science to health
system implementation. Its unique success is tied to the fact that researchers are focused
on issues that arise from a unique population--our nation's veterans. Moreover, because
VA is the largest integrated health system in the country and because the health system
must manage an annual budget, there is a keen interest among VA health administrators
to apply research that enhances quality and efficiency of care. Furthermore, because
these findings overlap with the general population, VA Research & Development
programs can be applicable on a much broader scale.
KOC
Odent, M.
Primal health research: four essays. III. Vaccinations: prevention of disease can be a
cause of ill health / M. Odent
In: Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health = ISSN: vol. 16 (2002), issue 3,
page 279-287.
Vaccinaties
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Preventie
The year 2000 will be remembered as a turning point in the history of vaccinations. Today
the main question should concern the interactions between the great number of vaccines
routinely offered to modern babies. Researchers, practitioners and parents should think
first in terms of good health and bad health. This is not easy to do especially when you
have been brainwashed with the dangerous concept of 'preventive medicine', which
suggests that health is the absence of disease and that the longer the list of diseases you
prevent, the healthier you are. The year 2000 has offered opportunities to realize that the
prevention of disease may itself be a cause of ill health. On the one hand we have learned
from studies of the 'Gulf war syndrome'. On the other hand we have learned from studies
about child mortality in the third world. Today it would be ethical to start long term
prospective randomized controlled studies. This is the most reliable method to evaluate
the ratio of benefits to risks for any medical procedure. Where mass vaccinations are
concerned, it would be unethical (or immoral) to continue the current programmes without
120

starting prospective randomized controlled studies of the non-specific effects on health of
different combinations of vaccines.
KOC
Oliver, A.
Public-sector health-care reforms that work?: a case study of the US Veterans Health
Administration / A. Oliver
In: Lancet = ISSN 0140-6736: vol. 371 (2008), issue 9619, page 1211-1213.
Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
Hulpverlening
Beleid
KOC
Pavic, L.
Smaller right hippocampus in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder / L.
Pavic...[et al.]
In: Psychiatry research = ISSN 0165-1781: vol. 154 (2007), issue 2, page 191-198.
PTSD
Hippocampus
Veteranen
Neurobiologie
Chronic stress can putatively cause damage in the human hippocampus, but evidence of
damage has not been consistently shown in studies on hippocampal morphology in
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We compared hippocampal volumes in PTSD
patients and normal subjects. Using a 3D T1-weighted GRE magnetic resonance imaging
sequence, we measured hippocampal volumes in 15 war veterans with combat-related
chronic PTSD and 15 case-matched normal controls. Although war veterans, our PTSD
subjects were not professional soldiers and were mobilized shortly before they were
exposed to a very specific combat-related trauma over a 3-day period. In our study, the
period between traumatic exposure and imaging was considerably shorter, on average, 9
years, compared with at least two decades in previous studies on subjects with combatrelated
PTSD. Moreover, our subjects were free of any comorbidity, treatment or
medication. The right hippocampus was significantly smaller in PTSD subjects than in
healthy controls. The left hippocampus was also smaller in PTSD subjects than in
controls, but the difference was not significant. In all PTSD subjects, the right
hippocampus was smaller than the left (on average, 7.88%). Our results show smaller
volume of the right hippocampus in PTSD patients than in normal subjects.
KOC
Pearn, J.
Traumatic stress disorders: A classification with implications for prevention and
management combat soldier / J. Pearn
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 165 (2000), issue 6, page 434-440.
PTSD
Militairen
Nosologie
Preventie
Beleid
Management and prevention of acute and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSDs) are
current themes of great importance to the defense health services of many nations.
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Currently, 2-8% of service members deployed on combat operations, UN peacekeeping
tasks, and humanitarian and disaster relief operations present with one or more stress
disorders within 3 yrs of deployment. The management of acute stress disorders and the
prevention and management of PTSDs necessitate an understanding of the nosology of
this group of illnesses. Research into some preventive options--such as critical incident
stress debriefing--also necessitates the selection of syndrome-specific Ss during case
finding if controversies about the efficacy of such interventions are to be resolved.
Diagnostic features, a summary of the nosological evolution, and differential treatment
options are presented for 5 acute operational stress disorders (acute combat stress
disorder, conversion reactions, the counter-disaster syndrome, peacekeeper's acute
stress syndrome, and the Stockholm syndrome) and for 11 post-traumatic disorders,
including classic PTSD, chronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War syndrome, peacekeeper's
stress syndrome, survivor's guilt syndrome, and the syndrome of lifestyle and cultural
change.
KOC
Pessler, F.
A histomorphometric analysis of synovial biopsies from individuals with Gulf War Veterans'
Illness and joint pain compared to normal and osteoarthritis synovium / F. Pessler...[et al.]
In: Clinical rheumatology = ISSN 0770-3198: (2008) (apr).
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Neurobiologie
Vergelijkend onderzoek
We compared histologic, immunohistochemical, and vascular findings in synovial biopsies
from individuals with Gulf War Veterans Illness and joint pain (GWVI) to findings in normal
and osteoarthritis (OA) synovium. The following parameters were assessed in synovial
biopsies from ten individuals with GWVI: lining thickness, histologic synovitis score, and
vascular density in hematoxylin & eosin-stained sections; and CD68+ lining surface cells
and CD15+, CD3+, CD8+, CD20+, CD38+, CD68+, and Ki-67+ subintimal cells and von
Willebrand Factor+ vessels immunohistochemically. Comparisons were made to synovial
specimens from healthy volunteers (n = 10) and patients with OA or RA (n = 25 each).
Histologic appearance and quantitative assessments were nearly identical in the GWVI
and normal specimens. Vascular density was between 25% (H & E stains; p = 0.003) and
31% (vWF immunostains; p = 0.02) lower in GWVI and normal specimens than in OA.
CD68+ macrophages were the most common inflammatory cells in GWVI (45.3 +/- 10.1
SEM cells/mm(2)) and normal synovium (45.6 +/- 7.4) followed by CD3+ T cells (GWVI,
15.1 +/- 6.3; normal, 27.1 +/- 9.2), whereas there were practically no CD20+, CD38+, and
CD15+ cells. All parameters except lining thickness and CD15 and CD20 expression were
significantly higher in OA. Five (20%) OA specimens contained significant fractions of
humoral immune cells in mononuclear infiltrates, although the overall differences in the
relative composition of the OA mononuclear infiltrates did not reach statistical significance
compared to GWVI and normal synovium. In summary, the GWVI and normal synovia
were indistinguishable from each other and contained similar low-grade inflammatory cell
populations consisting almost entirely of macrophages and T cells.
KOC
Peterson, A.L.
Combat stress casualties in Iraq. Part 1: behavioral health consultation at an expeditionary
medical group / A.L. Peterson, M.T. Baker and K.R. McCarthy
122

In: Perspect Psychiatr Care = ISSN 0031-5990: vol. 44 (2008), issue 3, page 146-158.
PTSD
Militairen
Irak
Hulpverlening
PURPOSE. We review the role of military mental health professionals in consulting with
inpatient medical patients and staff at a combat hospital and aeromedical evacuation
staging facility in Iraq. CONCLUSIONS. Behavioral health consultation with medical and
surgical patients during hospitalization and prior to aeromedical evacuation can help
identify patients with combat stress exposure that may require future mental health followup.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Extensive use of civilian mental health practitioners
including nurse psychotherapists and psychiatric nurse practitioners will be needed to
provide psychiatric care for the large number of U.S. veterans who return from deployment
with combat stress related disorders.
KOC
Peterson, A.L.
Combat stress casualties in Iraq. Part 2: psychiatric screening prior to aeromedical
evacuation / A.L. Peterson, M.T. Baker and K.R. McCarthy
In: Perspective in Psychiatric Care = ISSN 0031-5990: vol. 44 (2008), issue 3, page 159-
168.
PTSD
Militairen
Irak
Hulpverlening
TOPIC. Exposure to combat-related trauma is a leading cause of posttraumatic stress
disorder. Deployed military mental health practitioners serve important roles in the
assessment, diagnosis, and aeromedical evacuation of psychiatric patients from the
combat zone. PURPOSE. To review the role of military mental health professionals
working with psychiatric patients at a combat hospital and aeromedical staging facility in
Iraq. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. Military operating instructions, existing theoretical and
research literature, and personal experiences of the authors while deployed to Iraq.
CONCLUSIONS. Psychiatric screening can help reduce risk in potentially unstable mental
health patients prior to aeromedical evacuation. Civilian nurse psychotherapists and
advanced practice psychiatric nurses will be needed to provide psychiatric follow-up care
for the large number of military veterans returning from combat.
KOC
Pukhalsky, A.L.
HPA axis exhaustion and regulatory T cell accumulation in patients with a functional
somatic syndrome: recent view on the problem of Gulf War veterans / A.L. Pukhalsky...[et
al.]
In: Journal of neuroimmunology = ISSN 0165-5728: (2008) (apr).
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Neurobiologie
The authors proceeded from the assumption that physical and mental symptoms of
functional somatic syndromes (including those observed in Gulf War veterans) are based
on both underactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and excessive
accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Permanent psychogenic stress coupled with
123

high antigen loading leads to gradual depletion of HPA axis, which is manifested by the
reduction of stress-induced cortisol response. Under stress hormone deficiency, Tregs
begin to play a principal role in anti-inflammatory mechanisms and each new proinflammatory
stimulus increases their number. Superfluous accumulation of active Tregs
results in malfunction of Th1 cells in the brain that leads to the appearance of
neurodegeneration foci, which seems to be an anatomic substance for various cognitive
and psychological symptoms. New approaches to the treatment of such conditions are
also discussed.
KOC
Rademaker, A.R.
Self-reported early trauma as a predictor of adult personality: a study in a military sample /
A.R. Rademaker, E. Vermetten, E. Geuze, A. Muilwijk and R.J. Kleber
In: Journal of clinical psychology = ISSN 0021-9762: vol. 64 (2008), issue 7, page 863-
875.
Psychotrauma
Persoonlijkheid
Militairen
Exposure to early trauma has frequently been linked to adult psychopathology, including
personality disorders. This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between
personality and retrospectively rated levels of early trauma in 242 soldiers. Multiple
regression analyses showed a significant relationship between early trauma and adult
personality as exposure to emotional trauma predicted levels of self-directedness and
cooperativeness on the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; C. R. Cloninger, T.
R. Przybeck, D. M. Svrakic, & R. D. Wetzel, 1994). Overall, these results suggest that
early emotional trauma may be related to personality dimensions associated with poor
impulse control and interpersonal behavior. These results are noteworthy considering that
they were obtained in a healthy sample. They show that early trauma may become
ingrained in personality and hamper the potential to effectively engage in social
interactions, increasing the risk of emotional and cognitive problems.
KOC
Ravensbergen, Niek B.
Groeten van Bronbeek / [tekst en samenstelling: Niek B. Ravensbergen ; red.: J.L.P. van
den Akker ... et al.]. - Utrecht : Matrijs, cop. 2008. - 72 p. : ill. ; 22 cm
Uitg. door de Stichting Matrijs. - Met lit. opg.
ISBN 978-90-5345-363-6 geb.
Verzorgingstehuizen
Bronbeek
Veteranen
Prentbriefkaarten
s0.7 RAV
KOC
Rees Vellinga, N. van
Rapport Nazorg Thuisfront: de ervaringen van het thuisfront met uitzending en zorg in
2007 / N. van Rees Vellinga. - Den Haag : Gedragswetenschappen, 2008. - 20 p. : tab. ;
30 cm
GW-rapport 07-143.
Nazorg
124

Thuisfront
Partners
s8.2 REE
KOC
Riddle, M.S.
Self-reported combat stress indicators among troops deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: an
epidemiological study / M.S. Riddle...[et al.]
In: Comprehensive psychiatry = ISSN 0010-440X: vol. 20 (2008), issue 2, page 131-138.
Geestelijke gezondheid
Militairen
Irak
Afghanistan
Epidemiologie
Evident mental health needs among combat veterans after their return from combat have
been described, whereas available data describing the mental health status of military
personnel during deployment are few. Data were collected from personnel systematically
selected from current combat regions participating in a rest and recuperation program in
Doha, Qatar. Overall, 40620 troops completed a clinic screening form between October
2003 and January 2005. Rates of self-reported depression among troops in Afghanistan
were lower than those of Iraq (32.3 vs 69.7 per 10000, P < .0001). Feelings of depression
and self-harm were inversely correlated with rank (4-level ordinal grouping) (beta(Coef) = -
.21, P = .0006; beta(Coef) = -0.49, P < .00001, respectively). Distinct temporal trends
found in reported combat stress and monthly mortality rates were noted. These data
support previous reports of higher mental health problems among troops in Iraq as
compared with troops in Afghanistan and lower health care-seeking behavior overall. In an
effort to remove barriers to care and minimize combat stress effects, it is critical to
recognize mental health needs and initiate services during combat deployments.
KOC
Riep, N.C.
Evaluatie personeelszorg: rondom uitzendingen 2006 en 1ste kwartaal 2007 / N.C. Riep. -
Den Haag : Gedragswetenschappen, 2008. - 21 p. : tab. ; 30 cm
GW-rapport 07-122.
Nazorg
Militairen
Defensie
s8.2 RIE
KOC
Riep, N.C.
Rapportage: Evaluatie adaptatie / N.C. Riep. - Den Haag : Gedragswetenschappen, 2008.
- 57 p. : tab. ; 30 cm
GW-rapport 08-042.
Nazorg
Militairen
Defensie
s8.2 RIE
KOC
125

Rivera, P.A.
Problem-solving training for family caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injuries: a
randomized controlled trial / P.A. Rivera...[et al.]
In: Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation = ISSN 0003-9993: vol. 89 (2008),
issue 5, page 931-941.
Trainingen
Mantelzorg
Hersenletstel
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a problem-solving training program would lower
depression, health complaints, and burden, and increase well-being reported by
community-residing family caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).
DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS:
Of the 180 people who expressed interest in the study, 113 did not meet eligibility criteria.
A consenting sample of family caregivers were randomized into a problem-solving training
group (4 men, 29 women; average age, 51.3y) or an education-only control group (34
women; average age, 50.8y). Care recipients included 26 men and 7 women in the
intervention group (average age, 36.5y) and 24 men and 10 women in the control group
(average age, 37.2y). INTERVENTION: Problem-solving training based on the D'Zurilla
and Nezu social problem-solving model was provided to caregivers in the intervention
group in 4 in-home sessions and 8 telephone follow-up calls over the course of their yearlong
participation. Control group participants received written educational materials and
telephone calls at set intervals throughout their 12 months of participation. MAIN
OUTCOME MEASURES: Caregiver depression, health complaints, well-being, and social
problem-solving abilities. RESULTS: Hierarchical linear models revealed caregivers
receiving problem-solving training reported significant decreases in depression, health
complaints, and in dysfunctional problem-solving styles over time. No effects were
observed on caregiver well-being, burden, or constructive problem-solving styles.
CONCLUSIONS: Problem-solving training provided in the home appears to be effective in
alleviating distress and in decreasing dysfunctional problem-solving styles among family
caregivers of persons with TBI. Methodologic limitations and the implications for
interventions and future research are discussed.
KOC
Rizzo, A.A.
Virtual Iraq: initial results from a VR exposure therapy application for combat-related
PTSD / A.A. Rizzo...[et al.]
In: Studies in health technology and informatics = ISSN 0926-9630: (2008), issue 132,
page 420-425.
PTSD
Veteranen
Irak
Behandeling
Virtual reality exposure (VRE)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that
are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military
combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks.
Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of
depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD
has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to
present the rationale and brief description of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application
126

and present initial findings from its use with PTSD patients. Thus far, Virtual Iraq consists
of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle
Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy
environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was
gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq
and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway
at Ft. Lewis, Camp Pendleton, Emory University, Weill Cornell Medical College, Walter
Reed Army Medical Center, San Diego Naval Medical Center and 12 other sites.
KOC
Rombouts, B.
Omgang met stressvolle gebeurtenissen: verschillen tussen veteranen van het Korps
Mariniers & veteranen van andere krijgsmachtdelen in probleemgerichte en
emotiegerichte coping / B. Rombouts en M. Tjon. - S.l. : [Rombouts, Tjon], 2008. - 44 p. :
tab. ; 30 cm
Masterprogramma Klinische Psychologie aan de Universiteit Utrecht.
Stress
Veteranen
Korps Mariniers
Coping
s8.2 ROM
KOC
Rosen, Gerald M.
Pseudo-PTSD / Gerald M. Rosen, Steven Taylor
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 2, page 201-210.
Special issue on: Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database.
PTSD
Pseudo-PTSD (geveinsde PTSD)
Simulatie
Zelfverwonding
Veteranen
Psudo-posttraumatic stress disorder (Pseudo-PTSD) refers to cases in which patients
presentation is but a simulation of the actual clinical syndrome. The problem of pseudo-
PTSD has been neglected by many clinicians and researchers, who often rely on the
assumption that a patients reported symptoms can be accepted as valid. The purpose of
this article is to (a) consider the divers causes of Pseudo-PTSD, (b) emphasize the
importance of the DSM-IVs guideline to rule out malingering, and (c) discuss the
implications that pseudo-PTSD has for research and clinical practice.
Ross, J.S.
Use of recommended ambulatory care services: is the Veterans Affairs quality gap
narrowing? / J.S. Ross...[et al.]
In: Archives of internal medicine = ISSN 0003-9926: vol. 168 (2008), issue 9, page 950-
958.
Kwaliteit
Hulpverlening
Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs)
Evaluaties
127

BACKGROUND: Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs) provide better preventive and
chronic disease care when compared with other health care organizations, although
recent health care quality improvement initiatives outside the VAMC sector may have
narrowed quality differences. METHODS: Using the nationally representative 2000 and
2004 surveys of the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System, which included 152,310
community-dwelling insured adults in 2000 and 251,570 in 2004, we compared selfreported
use of 17 recommended ambulatory care services for cancer prevention,
cardiovascular risk reduction, diabetes mellitus management, and infectious disease
prevention among insured adults receiving and not receiving care at VAMCs. RESULTS:
A total of 2852 insured adults (1.9%) received care at VAMCs in 2000 and 7155 (2.4%)
received care at VAMCs in 2004. Use of 9 of the 17 services was greater in 2004 when
compared with 2000 (P < or = .05). In 2000, receiving VAMC care was associated with
greater use of 6 of the 17 services; in 2004, receiving VAMC care was associated with
greater use of 12 of the 17 services (P < or = .05). In 2004, greater use among these 12
services ranged from 10% greater use of cholesterol screening to 40% greater use of
colorectal cancer screening. For 13 of the 17 services, the likelihood of service use among
adults receiving VAMC care when compared with adults not receiving VAMC care was not
significantly different in 2004 than in 2000. However, this likelihood was significantly
greater (for VAMC vs non-VAMC use) in 2004 than in 2000 for breast cancer screening
(relative risk [RR], 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.15-1.25] vs 0.80 [95% CI, 0.58-
0.98]; P < .001), dilated eye examination among adults with diabetes (RR, 1.12 [95% CI,
1.07-1.15] vs 1.01 [95% CI, 0.88-1.09]; P = .04), and influenza (RR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.24-
1.36] vs 1.06 [95% CI, 0.89-1.21]; P = .006) and pneumococcal (RR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.23-
1.31] vs 1.04 [95% CI, 0.86-1.21]; P = .005) vaccinations. CONCLUSION: Despite
increasing emphasis on quality of care and improved performance throughout the US
health care system, adults receiving VAMC care remain more likely to receive
recommended ambulatory care.
KOC
Sacks, M.B.
Self-mutilative behaviors in male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder / M.B.
Sacks...[et al.]
In: Journal of Psychiatric Research = ISSN 0022-3956: vol. 42 (2008), issue 6, page 487-
494.
PTSD
Zelfmutulatie
Veteranen
Self-mutilative behaviors (SMB) were examined in a sample of male veterans with
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The primary objective was to determine the
prevalence of SMB and any physical, cognitive, or affective antecedents and correlates for
these behaviors. Participants included 509 male veterans with PTSD and levels of PTSD,
depression, alcohol use, hostility, and impulsivity were evaluated to determine if these
variables were related to SMB. Antecedents and sequelae of SMB were also examined to
generate hypotheses regarding the functions of these behaviors. A second type of habit
behavior, body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRB), was also examined as part of the
study. Findings indicated that veterans who engaged in either type of habit behavior were
younger than those who did not engage in SMB or BFRB. Veterans reporting SMB also
reported higher levels of PTSD, depression, hostility, and impulsivity compared to the
BFRB and no-habit groups. Examination of habit antecedents and sequelae showed
support for the automatic-positive reinforcement function of SMB. These findings are
128

discussed in the context of research and treatment involving male veterans with PTSD
who engage in SMB.
KOC
Sarac-Hadzihalilovic, A.
Stress, memory and Bosnian war veterans / A. Sarac-Hadzihalilovic, A. Kulenovic and A.
Kucukalic
In: Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences = ISSN 1512-8601: vol. 8 (2008), issue 2,
page 135-140.
Stress
Geheugen
Veteranen
Voormalig Joegoslavië
The aim of this study was to analyze cognitive dysfunction in PTSD. The testing included
79 Bosnian Army veterans, who participated in Bosnian war from 1992 to 1995. Out of 79
tested war veterans, 45 of developed PTSD while 34 did not. The veterans without PTSD
where included in the control group. All the war veterans were of the same education level
(secondary education) and between 30 and 50 years of age. Rivermead Behavioral
Memory Test - RBMT was applied to all the subjects. The test was originally developed for
the purpose of everyday memory problems identification. Clear goal of the 10 RBMT
subtests is simulation of everyday life situations. PTSD group achieved significantly lower
results than the control group. Results of the total score showed highly significant
difference between PTSD and control group. Value of the t-test is t=10,056 with
significance level of p

environmental factors (36%, 42%, and 58%, respectively). After accounting for variance
common to PTSD, no residual genetic and environmental variance overlapped between
combat and ND, combat and AD, and combat and MD. Combat exposure is not
independently associated with lifetime ND, AD, and MD. The association of combat
exposure with these 3 disorders is due to genetic and unique environmental contributions
in common with PTSD. These findings suggest comorbid PTSD may represent a
genetically mediated vulnerability to psychopathology after trauma.
KOC
Schneiderman, A.I.
Understanding sequelae of injury mechanisms and mild traumatic brain injury incurred
during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan: persistent postconcussive symptoms and
posttraumatic stress disorder / A.I. Schneiderman, E.R. Braver and H.K. Kang
In: American journal of epidemiology = ISSN 0002-9262: (2008) (apr).
Hersenletsel
PTSD
Veteranen
Irak
Afghanistan
Diagnostiek
A cross-sectional study of military personnel following deployment to conflicts in Iraq or
Afghanistan ascertained histories of combat theater injury mechanisms and mild traumatic
brain injury (TBI) and current prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
postconcussive symptoms. Associations among injuries, PTSD, and postconcussive
symptoms were explored. In February 2005, a postal survey was sent to Iraq/Afghanistan
veterans who had left combat theaters by September 2004 and lived in Maryland;
Washington, DC; northern Virginia; and eastern West Virginia. Immediate neurologic
symptoms postinjury were used to identify mild TBI. Adjusted prevalence ratios and 95%
confidence intervals were computed by using Poisson regression. About 12% of 2,235
respondents reported a history consistent with mild TBI, and 11% screened positive for
PTSD. Mild TBI history was common among veterans injured by bullets/shrapnel, blasts,
motor vehicle crashes, air/water transport, and falls. Factors associated with PTSD
included reporting multiple injury mechanisms (prevalence ratio = 3.71 for three or more
mechanisms, 95% confidence interval: 2.23, 6.19) and combat mild TBI (prevalence ratio
= 2.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.72, 3.28). The strongest factor associated with
postconcussive symptoms was PTSD, even after overlapping symptoms were removed
from the PTSD score (prevalence ratio = 3.79, 95% confidence interval: 2.57, 5.59).
KOC
Schnurr, P.P.
Physician-diagnosed medical disorders in relation to PTSD symptoms in older male
military veterans / P.P. Schnurr, A Spiro III and A.H. Paris
In: Health Psychology = ISSN 0278-6133: vol. 19 (2000), issue 1, page 91-97.
PTSD
Gezondheid
Veteranen
Ouderen
Huisartsen
The association between physician-diagnosed medical disorders and combat-related
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was examined in 605 male combat
130

veterans of World War II and the Korean conflict. Physician exams were performed at
periodic intervals beginning in the 1960s. PTSD symptoms were assessed in 1990. Cox
regression was used to examine the onset of each of 12 disorder categories as a function
of PTSD symptoms, controlling for age, smoking, alcohol use, and body weight at study
entry. Even with control for these factors, PTSD symptoms were associated with
increased onset of arterial, lower gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and musculoskeletal
disorders. There was only weak evidence that PTSD mediated the effects of combat
exposure on morbidity. Possible mediators of the relationship between combat exposure,
PTSD, and physical morbidity are discussed.
KOC
Schoeman, J.R.
Meer plicht dan passie: Nederland over zijn krijgsmacht en veteranen / J.R. Schoeman
In: Militaire Spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 177 (2008), issue 6, page 320-330.
Publieke opinie
Krijgsmacht
Militairen
Veteranen
Nederland
Wat zijn de opvattingen en beelden die Nederland heeft van zijn krijgsmacht, zijn militairen
en zijn veteranen? Voor een deel blijken die opvattingen en beelden geruststellend
rotsvast te zijn, maar voor een ander deel zijn ze zorgwekkend onjuist. Er is nadrukkelijk
sprake van simplificering of misschien beter gezegd: stereotypering. De maatschappelijke
opvattingen over veteranen in de loop der jaren worden opgelijnd en toegelicht. Wat is de
relatie tussen een verminderde presentie van de krijgsmacht en ons collectieve denken?
Ook wordt nagegaan welke plaats hedendaagse militairen en hun optreden hebben
gekregen in de moderne populaire cultuur.
KOC
Schüssler, Bert
Naar eer en geweten / door Bert Schüssler. - Diemen : De Bookmakers, 1998. - 242 p. :
ill. ; 21 cm
Ondertitel op omslag: Kroniek van een bewogen militair leven. - Auteursnaam op omslag:
G.J. Schüssler.
ISBN 90-804045-3-5 pbk.
Militairen
Nederlands-Indië
Korea
Suriname
Veteranen
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Autobiografieën
s3.4 SCH
Servatius, R.J.
Mild interoceptive stressors affect learning and reactivity to contextual cues: toward
understanding the development of unexplained illnesses / R.J. Servatius and K.D. Beck
In: Neuropsychopharmacology = ISSN 0893-133X: vol. 30 (2005), issue 8, page 1483-
1491.
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten (OLK)
131

Golfoorlog-syndroom
Psychofarmaca
Muizenstudies
Contextual learning is evident with repeated experiences with agents and treatments that
induce frank illness and interoceptive stress. Here, we examined whether acute treatment
with mild interoceptive stressors (low doses of pyridostigmine bromide (PB), neostigmine
bromide (NB), and interleukin (IL)-1beta ) may serve as unconditional stimuli supporting
contextual learning. Rats were exposed to interoceptive and exteroceptive stressors in
contexts distinguished by visual or olfactory cues. Acoustic startle responses (ASRs) were
measured the day following exposure and 2 weeks thereafter, without delivery of the
unconditional stimuli. The appearance, form, and duration of startle potentiation depended
on the distinguishing features of the context and the nature of the interoceptive stressor.
Rats given cholinesterase inhibitors (PB and NB), but not IL-1beta or exposed to an
exteroceptive stressor, exhibited exaggerated ASRs in a novel context distinguished by
visual cues. Treatment with either PB or IL-1beta led to potentiated ASRs in the presence
of odors congruent with those experiences during exposure to the stressor. Startle
potentiation by odor was still apparent 2 weeks after treatment. For contexts differentiated
by visual stimuli, cholinomimetics transiently alter reactivity within novel contexts. In the
case of contexts differentiated by odors, learning is apparent at least 2 weeks after acute
treatment of cholinomimetics and IL-1beta . Contextual learning and changes in reactivity
consequent to mild interoceptive stressors such as PB may play a role in the development
of nonspecific symptoms typical of unexplained illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness.
KOC
Shipherd, J.C.
Veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: what about comorbid
chronic pain? / J.C. Shipherd...[et al.]
In: Journal of rehabilitation research and development = ISSN 0748-7711: vol. 44 (2007),
issue 2, page 153-166.
PTSD
Veteranen
Chronische pijn
Comorbiditeit
Behandeling
Our primary aim was to document the rate of comorbidity of physician-diagnosed chronic
pain conditions in veterans who were seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD). Chronic pain diagnoses (e.g., chronic low-back pain and osteoarthritis) were
examined with retrospective chart review. Of the patients with PTSD, 66% had chronic
pain diagnoses at pretreatment. These findings are consistent with previous studies that
documented the high comorbidity of chronic pain and PTSD using samples of pain
patients. Our secondary aim was to examine pain ratings before, during, and after PTSD
treatment. Using data that were a part of clinical practice, we found that patients with more
pain before treatment reported reductions in pain over the course of PTSD treatment and
in the 4 months following treatment. While our results must be interpreted cautiously
because of multiple confounding factors and the absence of experimental manipulation,
they highlight the importance of PTSD and pain comorbidity.
KOC
132

Shriver, T.E.
Managing the uncertainties of Gulf War illness: the challenges of living with contested
illness / T.E. Shriver and D.D. Waskul
In: Symbolic Interaction = ISSN 0195-6086: vol. 29 (2006), issue 4, page 465-486.
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten (OLK)
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Veteranen
Hulpzoekgedrag
Interviews
Based on observation and in-depth interviews with fifty-five respondents, we provide a
detailed analysis of the Gulf War illness experience. All chronically ill people experience
troublesome physical symptoms, but most reasonably expect to receive medical answers
and treatment, in addition to the support of family, friends, employers, and coworkers. This
research addresses a circumstance where neither sick people nor the medical
establishment has clear answers to the basic etiology and treatment of illness.
Consequently, many veterans endure doubt, threats to their credibility, and intensified
stigma. The resulting ambiguity and stigma initiate efforts to redefine and renegotiate the
illness experience. Drawing heavily from the thick descriptions provided by Gulf War
veterans and their spouses, we document assaults on the physical body, emotional
stability, social status, and selfhood, as well as negative effects on social relations. We
also examine how institutional barriers influence the contested illness experience.
KOC
Shriver, T.E.
Women's work: women's involvement in the Gulf War Illness movement / T.E. Shriver,
A.C. Miller and S. Cable
In: Sociological Quarterly = ISSN 0038-0253: vol. 44 (2003), issue 4, page 639-658.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Lotgenotencontact
Vrouwen
Interviews
Sociologie
We use in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to examine
women's involvement in the Gulf War Illness movement. We find that women's cumulative
grievances of health concerns, financial hardships, and emotional problems opened them
to movement recruitment as they surfed the Internet for information and support. The
movement's division of labor was influenced not by gender but by health status. Women
used the Internet to provide medical information and emotional support to geographically
dispersed veterans. Activism transformed women activists by endowing them with a sense
of empowerment and a somewhat broadened concern for social justice. Although their
transformations disposed the women to become active on related issues, it did not extend
to concerns about gender discrimination. We suggest that the next research step is to
investigate gender differences in movement processes by surveying activists across a
variety of movements to test propositions and to identify the characteristics of other social
contexts that structurally instigate a departure from traditional gender roles.
KOC
133

Sillanpaa, M.C.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 validity patterns: An elucidation of gulf war
syndrome / M.C. Sillanpaa, L.M. Agar and B.N. Axelrod
In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 164 (1999), issue 1, page 261-263.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Diagnostiek
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
Evaluated the potential effects of psychological distress on physical symptoms observed
in 48 Persian Gulf War veterans (aged 21-56 yrs) using a neuropsychological evaluation
that included personality assessment. Cluster analysis of the validity scales resulted in a
solution with 2 viable subgroups. Members of cluster 1 had significantly higher scores on 5
MMPI-2 clinical scales, a measure of trait anxiety, and a number of subjective complaints,
including lower scores on a task of attention. Neuropsychological functioning did not
otherwise differ between the groups. Contributions of personality style in coping with
physical and mental health stressors were indicated. Experience of distress appeared to
be attributable to individual differences rather than factors that have been associated with
the elusive Gulf War syndrome. It is suggested that Persian Gulf War veterans' emotional
reactions to clinical laboratory findings, perceptions of exposure risks, war experience,
and stress may represent a variation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
KOC
Solomon, Z.
The contribution of stressful life events throughout the life cycle to combat-induced
psychopathology / Z. Solomon...[et al.]
In: Journal of Traumatic Stress = ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 21 (2008), issue 3, page 318-325.
PTSD
Levensgebeurtenissen
Veteranen
Israël
Diagnostiek
This study examines the contribution of prewar life events, war exposure, and postwar life
events to combat-induced psychopathology among 425 Israeli War veterans from the
Lebanon War. Data was collected at two time points (1983 and 2002). The sample
included veterans with and without combat stress reaction (CSR). Battle intensity and
subjective experience of risk in war were associated with CSR. Negative childhood life
events, CSR, PTSD in 1983 and postwar negative life events were associated with PTSD
in 2002. Furthermore, a path analysis revealed that CSR mediated the relation between
battle intensity and PTSD in 2002. Our findings suggest that stressful life events
throughout the life cycle contribute significantly to veterans' posttraumatic
symptomatology, above and beyond combat exposure.
KOC
Spaulding, D.J.
Gulf War Syndrome: are campus health officials prepared to cope with Persian Gulf
veterans? / D.J. Spaulding
In: College Student Journal = ISSN 0146-3934: vol. 31 (1997), issue 3, page 317-322.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Hulpverleners
134

Beleid
The Department of Defense is undergoing a large reduction-in-force because of the
closure of the Cold War. This downsizing, or drawdown as they term it within the defense
establishment, is resulting in and will result in an increase in college enrollment as many
of these former soldiers, sailors, airmen, marines, coast guardsmen and women head for
the college campus. Many of these former military personnel are veterans of the Gulf War.
While the evidence is still not fully conclusive, many of these potential students claim to
suffer from a mysterious illness termed Gulf War Syndrome (GWS). Are campus health
officials, medical and psychological, prepared to treat these veterans? The authors
surveyed 98 campus health officials to determine whether student-veterans with GWS can
expect and obtain the health care necessary to enable them to complete their higher
education. About one-half indicated that clinic personnel were not familiar with symptoms
of GWS. The remaining institutions indicated "familiar." None indicated "extremely
familiar." It is concluded that universities and colleges seem ill-prepared to treat and refer
students who complain or may yet report symptoms associated with GWS.
Recommendations are offered.
KOC
Spiegel, D.
Post-traumatic stress disorder: medicine or politics (not both) / D. Spiegel and E.
Vermetten
In: Lancet = ISSN 0140-6736: vol. 369 (2007), issue 9556, page 992.
PTSD
Maatschappij
Beleid
KOC
Stein, D.J.
Post-traumatic stress disorder: medicine and politics / D.J. Stein...[et al.]
In: Lancet = ISSN 0140-6736: vol. 369 (2007), issue 9556, page 139-144.
PTSD
Maatschappij
Beleid
Overzichtsartikel
Regrettably, exposure to trauma is common worldwide, and can have serious adverse
psychological results. The introduction of the notion of post-traumatic stress disorder has
led to increasing medicalisation of the problem. This awareness has helped popular
acceptance of the reality of post-traumatic psychiatric sequelae, which has boosted
research into the pathogenesis of the disorder, leading to improved pharmacological and
psychological management. The subjective experience of trauma and subsequent
expression of symptoms vary considerably over space and time, and we emphasise that
not all psychological distress or psychiatric disorders after trauma should be termed posttraumatic
stress disorder. There are limits to the medicalisation of distress and there is
value in focusing on adaptive coping during and after traumas. Striking a balance between
a focus on heroism and resilience versus victimhood and pathological change is a crucial
and constant issue after trauma for both clinicians and society. In this review we discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of medicalising trauma response, using examples from
South Africa, the Armed Services, and post-disaster, to draw attention to our argument.
KOC
135

Stein, H.H.
Combat veterans: impressions of an analytic observer in a non-analytic setting / H.H.
Stein
In: The journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry =
ISSN 1546-0371: vol. 35 (2008), issue 4, page 575-589.
Psychotrauma
Veteranen
Psychoanalyse
The hallmark presentation of combat trauma-nightmares, waking hallucinations, intrusive
traumatic memories, and extreme affective reactions to environmental triggers-may best
be conceptualized as part of an adaptive mechanism intended to protect the individual
against a repetition of trauma. Combat veterans continuously must cope with the extreme
affects that combat induced. Fear, rage, guilt, and grief predominate. Their mental and
emotional life is complicated by a conscience split between war zone and civilian morality
and by the special group dynamics of combat. Optimal clinical understanding of combatrelated
trauma, whether in a psychoanalytic or general mental health setting, requires an
awareness of the interaction of the personal dynamics of each individual with the specific
characteristics of their combat situation.
KOC
Stein, P.K.
Sex effects on heart rate variability in fibromyalgia and Gulf War illness / P.K. Stein...[et
al.]
In: Arthritis & Rheumatism: Arthritis Care & Research = ISSN 0004-3591: vol. 51 (2004),
issue 5, page 700-708.
Fibromyalgie
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Sekseverschillen
Diagnostiek
Objective: To investigate autonomic abnormalities in male and female fibromyalgia (FM)
and Gulf War illness (GWI) patients by comparing heart rate variability (HRV) with that of
age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Methods: Subjects included 26 (19 women, 7
men) with FM, 11 (6 men, 5 women) with GWI, and 36 (18 men, 18 women) healthy
controls. HRV was determined from Holter recordings obtained in the Clinical Research
Center. Analysis of variance compared 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime HRV by sex within
groups and by group within sex. Results: In women with FM or GWI, HRV was
significantly lower than in men with FM or GWI. HRV was similar in male and female
controls. When HRV was compared by group within sex, HRV was significantly decreased
in women with FM or GWI and no significant differences were seen for men with these
conditions. Conclusion: Decreased HRV in FM and GWI appears to be sex dependent.
Results suggest that different mechanisms may be operative in symptom expression in
men and women with this spectrum of illness.
KOC
Stetler, C.B.
An organizational framework and strategic implementation for system-level change to
enhance research-based practice: QUERI Series / C.B. Stetler...[et al.]
In: Implementation science = ISSN 1748-5908: vol. 3 (2008), issue 1 (may), page 30.
Evidence-based medicine
Veteranen
136

Hulpverlening
U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VA)
BACKGROUND: The continuing gap between available evidence and current practice in
health care reinforces the need for more effective solutions, in particular related to
organizational context. Considerable advances have been made within the U.S. Veterans
Health Administration (VA) in systematically implementing evidence into practice. These
advances have been achieved through a system-level program focused on collaboration
and partnerships among policy makers, clinicians, and researchers. The Quality
Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) was created to generate research-driven
initiatives that directly enhance health care quality within the VA and, simultaneously,
contribute to the field of implementation science. This paradigm-shifting effort provided a
natural laboratory for exploring organizational change processes. This article describes
the underlying change framework and implementation strategy used to operationalize
QUERI. Strategic approach to organizational change QUERI used an evidence-based
organizational framework focused on three contextual elements: 1) cultural norms and
values, in this case related to the role of health services researchers in evidence-based
quality improvement; 2) capacity, in this case among researchers and key partners to
engage in implementation research; 3) and supportive infrastructures to reinforce
expectations for change and to sustain new behaviors as part of the norm. As part of a
QUERI Series in Implementation Science, this article describes the framework's
application in an innovative integration of health services research, policy, and clinical
care delivery. CONCLUSION: QUERI's experience and success provide a case study in
organizational change. It demonstrates that progress requires a strategic, systems-based
effort. QUERI's evidence-based initiative involved a deliberate cultural shift, requiring
ongoing commitment in multiple forms and at multiple levels. VA's commitment to QUERI
came in the form of visionary leadership, targeted allocation of resources, infrastructure
refinements, innovative peer review and study methods, and direct involvement of key
stakeholders. Stakeholders included both those providing and managing clinical care, as
well as those producing relevant evidence within the health care system. The
organizational framework and related implementation interventions used to achieve
contextual change resulted in engaged investigators and enhanced uptake of research
knowledge. QUERI's approach and progress provide working hypotheses for others
pursuing similar system-wide efforts to routinely achieve evidence-based care.
KOC
Storzbach, D.
Psychological differences between veterans with and without Gulf War unexplained
symptoms / D. Storzbach...[et al.]
In: Psychosomatic Medicine = ISSN 0033-3174: vol. 62 (2000), issue 5, page 726-735.
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Assessed measures of psychological and neurobehavioral functioning to determine their
association with unexplained symptoms in Gulf War veterans. Persistent symptoms with
no medical explanation associated with service in the Persian Gulf (e.g., fatigue, muscle
pain, and memory deficits) that began during or after the war qualified respondents as
cases. The 241 veterans (mean age 34.3 yrs) with unexplained symptoms were classified
as case Ss, and the 113 veterans without symptoms were classified as control Ss. All
veterans completed a battery of computerized assessment tests consisting of 12
137

psychosocial and 6 neurobehavioral tests. Case Ss differed substantially and consistently
from control Ss on diverse psychological tests in the direction of increased distress and
psychiatric symptoms. Case Ss had small but statistically significant deficits relative to
control Ss on some neurobehavioral tests of memory, attention, and response speed. The
results revealed that Gulf War veterans who report symptoms associated with that conflict
differed on multiple psychological measures in the direction of increased distress and
performed more poorly on neurobehavioral measures when compared with control Ss who
did not report symptoms.
KOC
Sullivan, G.
Translating clinical training into practice in complex mental health systems: toward
opening the 'Black Box' of implementation / G. Sullivan, D. Blevins and M.R. Kauth
In: Implementation science = ISSN 1748-5908: (2008) (jun), page 33.
Trainingen
Hulpverleners
Veteranen
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Implementing clinical training in a complex health care
system is challenging. This report describes two successive trainings programs in one
Veterans Affairs healthcare network and the lessons we drew from their success and
failures. The first training experience led us to appreciate the value of careful
implementation planning while the second suggested that use of an external facilitator
might be an especially effective implementation component. We also describe a third
training intervention in which we expect to more rigorously test our hypothesis regarding
the value of external facilitation. RESULTS: Our experiences appear to be consonant with
the implementation model proposed by Fixsen. In this paper we offer a modified version of
the Fixsen model with separate components related to training and implementation.
CONCLUSION: This report further reinforces what others have noted, namely that
educational interventions intended to change clinical practice should employ a multilevel
approach if patients are to truly benefit from new skills gained by clinicians. We utilize an
implementation research model to illustrate how the aims of the second intervention were
realized and sustained over the 12-month follow-up period, and to suggest directions for
future implementation research. The present report attests to the validity of, and
contributes to, the emerging literature on implementation research.
KOC
Swoboda, D.A.
The social construction of contested illness legitimacy: a grounded theory analysis / D.A.
Swoboda
In: Qualitative Research in Psychology = ISSN 1478-0887: vol. 3 (2006), issue 3, page
233-251.
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten (OLK)
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Veteranen
Hulpzoekgedrag
Interviews
This study examines the social influences that shape how individuals come to believe they
have a contested illness and the explanations of illness legitimacy that result. Chronic
fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivities, and Gulf War syndrome have all been
identified as contested illnesses because their etiology, diagnosis, and prevalence are
138

controversial. Narratives from in-depth interviews with 22 individuals who identified
themselves as having these illnesses were analysed using a grounded theory approach.
Findings indicate that claiming medical legitimacy for a contested illness involves a difficult
and protracted process in which sufferers develop social representations of the etiology,
diagnostic criteria, trajectory, and treatment of their illnesses. Study results shed light on
the role of sufferers in the social construction of the medical and cultural legitimacy of
emerging illnesses.
KOC
Tan, E.C.T.H.
Twee medische specialisten op missie in Uruzgan / E.C.T.H. Tan en M. Bussink
In: Nederlands Militair Geneeskundig Tijdschrift = ISSN 0369-4844: vol. 61 (2008), issue
4, page 117-120.
Medisch personeel
Militairen
Uruzgan
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Gedurende de periode 3 juni t/m 1 augustus 2007 waren de auteurs, samen met twee OKassistenten
en een anesthesiemedewerker uit Nijmegen, twee IC-verpleegkundigen uit
Den Haag, een radiodiagnostisch laborant uit Utrecht en een analist uit Leiden, als
medisch specialistisch team werkzaam in het ziekenhuis van Kamp Holland. De medische
teams bieden waar nodig medisch specialistische zorg aan zowel Nederlandse militairen,
leden van de coalitietroepen, milities van de Afghan National Police of de Afghan National
Army, leden van de Opposing Military Forces (Talibanstrijders) en Afghaanse burgers.
KOC
Tantau, C.
Commentary on VanDeusen Lukas et al's "Implementation of a clinical innovation":
improving implementation strategies for clinical innovations / C. Tantau
In: The Journal of ambulatory care management = ISSN 0148-9917: vol. 31 (2008), issue
2, page 109-110.
Gezondheidszorg
Veteranen
Innovaties
Beleid
The ability to successfully implement clinical innovation is a significant and critical
challenge for all healthcare organizations. The Department of Veterans Affairs has
provided insight into isolating those factors that are most strongly associated with
successful implementation. Using their experience with spreading advanced clinic access
to multiple clinics at multiple sites, they were able to study key components of successful
implementation in a variety of settings. Advanced clinic access is a complex set of
principles that require widespread involvement and support. The goal of advanced clinic
access is to dramatically reduce waits and delays for appointments. In using this particular
example to study, the VA provided a rigorous case study.
KOC
Tate, S.R.
Health problems of substance-dependent veterans with and those without trauma history /
S.R. Tate...[et al.]
139

In: Journal of substance abuse treatment = ISSN 0740-5472: vol. 33 (2007), issue 1, page
25-35.
PTSD
Gezondheid
Drugsmisbruik
Veteranen
Vergelijkend onderzoek
Substance use disorders (SUDs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are
associated with an increased risk for health problems. We examined whether trauma
history and PTSD were related to physical health in patients with an SUD. We compared
health stressors, health service utilization, and self-rated health status in three groups of
male veterans receiving SUD treatment: (1) no trauma exposure (SUD-only group), n =
55; (2) with PTSD (SUD-PTSD group), n = 32; and (3) trauma exposure without PTSD
(SUD-trauma group), n = 34. The veterans were assessed quarterly for 1 year. Groups
differed in their likelihood of experiencing chronic health stressors at all time points. The
SUD-only group consistently had the lowest rates of chronic health stressors, the SUD-
PTSD group had the highest rates, and the SUD-trauma group fell in between. In contrast,
groups did not differ in rates of acute health problems. Chronic health stressors appear to
be associated with trauma exposure and psychologic response to the trauma. Substance
use disorder interventions may benefit from incorporation of primary care services.
KOC
Tiersky, L.A.
Functional status and mood in Persian Gulf veterans with unexplained fatiguing illness /
L.A. Tiersky...[et al.]
In: Military Psychology = ISSN 0899-5605: vol. 12 (2000), issue 4, page 233-248.
Gezondheid
Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Golfoorlogsyndroom
In this investigation, the effects of unexplained fatiguing illness and psychiatric disturbance
on functional status and quality of life in Gulf War veterans (GWVs) was examined. 29
GWVs with unexplained fatigue (K. Fukuda et al., 1994) and an Axis I psychiatric
diagnosis (mean age 34.8 yrs), 19 GWVs with fatigue and no Axis I psychiatric disorder
(mean age 35.5 yrs), and 45 healthy GWVs (mean age 34.1 yrs) were evaluated.
Measures included the SF-36, the Profile of Mood States, the Multi-Dimensional Fatigue
Inventory, and a symptom severity scale. GWVs with unexplained fatigue suffered from
significant functional decline and decreased well-being in all spheres, relative to healthy
GWVs. Veterans with comorbid psychiatric illnesses demonstrated the most impaired
functioning on measures of life quality that emphasized psychological well-being, but they
did not demonstrate reduced physical functioning relative to other fatigued veterans. Thus,
reduced physical functioning and well-being in GWVs cannot be attributed to psychiatric
disturbance but seems to result from unexplained fatiguing illness.
KOC
Toomey, R.
Invited commentary: how healthy is the "healthy warrior"? / R. Toomey
In: American journal of epidemiology = ISSN 0002-9262: vol. 167 (2008), issue 11, page
1277-1280.
Gezondheid
140

Militairen
Mariniers
Irak
Operation Enduring Freedom
Epidemiologie
In this issue of the Journal, Larson et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:1269-1276) report
incidence rates of 11.8% for any mental disorder and 1.6% for post-traumatic stress
disorder among US Marines deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation
Enduring Freedom. Various methodological reasons can help explain why these rates are
lower than those found in previous wars. One primary reason is varying methods of
diagnosis. Other reasons include differences in percentages of active-duty personnel,
windows of observation, and methods of calculating rates. In addition, comorbidity for
some mental disorders and specific risks for developing certain disorders complicate
interpretation of rates. Nevertheless, Larson et al. document evidence for the "healthy
warrior" effect-namely that deployed Marines have fewer mental disorders than
nondeployed Navy and Marine Corps personnel, with the exception of stress disorders.
Suggestions are made for directions of future research into this effect.
KOC
Tussenbroek, B. van
Beleven en verwerken van oorlog: Deh Rawod juli-december 2007, door de ogen van de
psycholoog / B. van Tussenbroek
In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 31 (2008), issue 5, page 14-17.
Nazorg
Militairen
Afghanistan
Persoonlijke ervaringen
Hulpverleners
Hoe reageer je op een plotselinge omslag van wederopbouw naar vechten? Je kwam toch
om op te bouwen? Hoe leer je van teleurstellingen, oplossingen en succes? Hoe ga je om
met de voortdurende dreiging? Waar vind je kracht als je nauwelijks kan rusten? Een
ervaringsverhaal uit Deh Rawod, de laatste maanden van 2007, geeft antwoorden.
KOC
Utter, G.H.
Microchimerism decades after transfusion among combat-injured US veterans from the
Vietnam, Korean, and World War II conflicts / G.H. Utter...[et al.]
In: Transfusion = ISSN 0041-1132: (2008) (may).
Bloedtransfusies
Militairen
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Korea
Vietnam
Diagnostiek
BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion after traumatic injury can result in microchimerism
(MC) of donor white cells (WBCs) in the recipient as late as 2 to 3 years postinjury, the
longest prospective follow-up to date. The purpose of this study was to determine how
long transfusion-associated MC lasts after traumatic injury. STUDY DESIGN AND
METHODS: A group of US combat veterans who received transfusions who responded to
a recruitment notice was retrospectively evaluated. Their blood was sampled, and MC was
141

assessed by quantitative allele-specific polymerase chain reaction detection of differences
at the HLA-DR locus or a panel of insertion-deletion polymorphism loci. Results of
veterans were compared to those from an age- and gender-matched blood donor control
group, from whom WBCs were retrieved from leukoreduction filters. RESULTS: Among
163 combat veterans who received transfusion and 150 control subjects who did not
receive transfusions, 16 (9.8%) of the veterans and 1 (0.7%) control subject had evidence
of MC (relative risk, 14.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-110). The veterans with MC
included 3 who served in WWII (7% of subjects from that conflict), 5 in Korea (18%), and 6
in Vietnam (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Transfusion for combat-related injury can result in MC
that lasts for 60 years, suggesting that it may involve permanent engraftment. MC is rare
among male blood donors who did not receive transfusions, who are probably
representative of individuals who have not had postnatal allogeneic exposures.
KOC
Verret, C.
Reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes among French gulf war veterans / C.
Verret...[et al.]
In: BMC public health = ISSN 1471-2458: vol. 8 (2008), issue 1, page 141.
Golfoorlogsyndroom
Golfoorlog-veteranen
Geboorteafwijkingen
Frankrijk
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Since 1993, many studies on the health of Persian Gulf
War veterans (PGWVs) have been undertaken. Some authors have concluded that an
association exists between Gulf War service and reported infertility or miscarriage, but that
effects on PGWV's children were limited. The present study's objective was to describe
the reproductive outcome and health of offspring of French Gulf War veterans.
METHODS: The French Study on the Persian Gulf War (PGW) and its Health
Consequences is an exhaustive cross-sectional study on all French PGWVs conducted
from 2002 to 2004. Data were collected by postal self-administered questionnaire. A casecontrol
study nested in this cohort was conducted to evaluate the link between PGWrelated
exposures and fathering a child with a birth defect. RESULTS: In the present
study, 9% of the 5,666 Gulf veterans who participated reported fertility disorders, and 12%
of male veterans reported at least one miscarriage among their partners after the PGW.
Overall, 4.2% of fathers reported at least one child with a birth defect conceived after the
mission. No PGW-related exposure was associated with any birth defect in children
fathered after the PGW mission. Concerning the reported health of children born after the
PGW, 1.0% of children presented a pre-term delivery and 2.7% a birth defect. The main
birth defects reported were musculoskeletal malformations (0.5%) and urinary system
malformations (0.3%). Birth defect incidence in PGWV children conceived after the
mission was similar to birth defect incidence described by the Paris Registry of Congenital
Malformations, except for Down syndrome (PGWV children incidence was lower than
Registry incidence.) CONCLUSIONS: This study did not highlight a high frequency of
fertility disorders or miscarriage among French PGW veterans. We found no evidence for
a link between paternal exposure during the Gulf War and increased risk of birth defects
among French PGWV children.
KOC
142

Vogt, D.S.
Validation of scales from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory in a sample of
Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans / D.S. Vogt...[et al.]
In: Assessment = ISSN 1073-1911: (2008) (apr).
Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI)
Validaties
Veteranen
Irak
The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI) is a suite of scales that can be
used to assess deployment-related factors implicated in the health and well-being of
military veterans. Although initial evidence for the reliability and validity of DRRI scales
based on Gulf War veteran samples is encouraging, evidence with respect to a more
contemporary cohort of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans is not available.
Therefore, the primary goal of the present study was to validate scales from the DRRI in a
large sample of OIF army personnel diversified in occupational and demographic
characteristics. In general, results supported the use of these DRRI scales in this
population. Internal consistency reliability estimates were quite strong. Additionally,
support was obtained for criterion-related validity, as demonstrated by associations with
mental and physical health measures, and discriminative validity, as demonstrated by
differences between key military subgroups.
KOC
Wahab, M.A.
Elevated chromosome translocation frequencies in New Zealand nuclear test veterans /
M.A. Wahab...[et al.]
In: Cytogenetic and genome research = ISSN 1424-8581: vol. 121 (2008), issue 2, page
79-87.
Nucleaire tests
Straling
Veteranen
Nieuw Zeeland
In 1957/58 the British Government conducted a series of nuclear tests in the mid-Pacific
codenamed Operation Grapple, which involved several naval vessels from Britain and
New Zealand. Two New Zealand frigates with 551 personnel onboard were stationed at
various distances between 20 and 150 nautical miles from ground zero. In the present
study we applied the cytomolecular technique mFISH (multicolour fluorescent in situ
hybridisation) to investigate a potential link between chromosome abnormalities and
possible past radiation exposure in New Zealand nuclear test veterans who participated in
Operation Grapple. Compared to age matched controls, the veterans showed significantly
higher (P < 0.0001) frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities (275 translocations and 12
dicentrics in 9,360 cells vs. 96 translocations and 1 dicentric in 9,548 cells in the controls),
in addition to a significant excess of CCRs (complex chromosomal rearrangements) in the
veterans. A Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test showed that the distributions of translocations for
the two groups were significantly different.
KOC
Watson, P.B.
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in the files of Australian servicemen hospitalized
in 1942-1952/ P.B. Watson and B. Daniels
In: Australasian psychiatry = ISSN 1039-8562: vol. 16 (2008), issue 1, page 13-17.
143

PTSD
Veteranen
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Australië
OBJECTIVE: To investigate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in
servicemen hospitalized 1942-1952. METHOD: Hospital files of servicemen (n = 590)
were studied and PTSD symptoms in groups, based on service experience, were
compared. RESULTS: Based on their hospital files, 19% of servicemen were classified as
having partial PTSD. No full cases of PTSD were identified, due primarily to the small
number of recorded avoidance symptoms and the limited information in relation to the
stressor criterion. Prisoners of war had the highest reported avoidance and lowest
intrusive symptoms compared with other combatants. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD symptoms
may have been common during and after World War II. At that time avoidance was not
considered a symptom of disorder. Intrusive and arousal symptoms may be the core
symptoms of PTSD and avoidance symptoms need to be reconsidered.
KOC
Westermeyer, J.
Reliability of sleep log data versus actigraphy in veterans with sleep disturbance and
PTSD / J. Westermeyer...[et al.]
In: Journal of anxiety disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), issue 7, page 966-975.
Slaapstoornissen
PTSD
Veteranen
The goal of the study was to assess inter-rater reliability of the daily sleep log (a selfrating)
with actigraphy (an objective measure of sleep based on activity) in veterans with
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This analysis focused on time asleep and number
of awakenings during bedtime. Study participants consisted of 21 veterans with a lifetime
diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and current sleep disturbance symptoms. Data
collection included study participants' daily charting of sleep logs and actigraphy (utilizing
study participants' activity level). Data analysis included the following: (1) interrater
reliability for the tabulation of self-reported sleep logs by two trained raters using 99 nights
of sleep from 10 cases; (2) comparison of sleep log data versus actigraphic findings for
sleep time during 241 bedtimes; (3) comparison of sleep log data versus actigraphic
findings for awakenings during 241 bedtimes. Findings showed that the two raters had
intraclass correlation scores of .801 for time spent asleep and .602 for time spent in bedacceptable
scores for tabulation of the sleep logs. Comparison of patients' sleep logs
versus actigraphy for 241 nights showed that 10 out of 21 study participants had
acceptable intraclass correlations of 0.4 or above for duration of sleep. However, sleep
logs and actigraphic data on number of sleep awakenings showed poor intraclass
correlation, with only 1 subject having an intraclass correlation greater than .30. In
conclusion, these data strongly suggest that sleep logs do not reproduce actigraphic
records in patients with PTSD even though the sleep logs were reliably quantified. Sleep
logs especially under-count awakenings in PTSD patients with sleep complaints.
KOC
Williams Jr., J.W.
Serving the health needs of our military and veterans / J.W. Williams Jr.
In: North Carolina medical journal = ISSN 0029-2559: vol. 69 (2008), issue 1, page 23-26.
Veteranen
144

Hulpverlening
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
North Carolina
Beleid
KOC
Wind Wardell, D.
Commentary on "a spiritually based group intervention for combat veterans with
posttraumatic stress disorder: feasability study" / D. Wind Wardell
In: Journal of holistic nursing = ISSN 0898-0101: vol. 26 (2008), issue 2, page 117-118.
PTSD
Veteranen
Behandeling
Groepstherapie
Spiritualiteit
KOC
Wissel, M.J.M. de
Lichamelijk letsel door gevechtshandelingen bij Nederlandse militairen in de jaren 1992-
2007: een retrospectief onderzoek naar militaire revalidatiezorg / M.J.M. de Wissel, A. van
der Meer, W.J. Wertheim en P. van der Wurff
In: Nederlands Militair Geneeskundig Tijdschrift = ISSN 0369-4844: vol. 61 (2008), issue
4, page 134-138.
Gewonden
Militairen
Nederland
Revalidatie
Achtergrond en doel: Nederlandse militairen die uitgezonden worden, lopen het risico
ernstig gewond te raken door gevechtshandelingen. Een deel van deze gewonde
militairen heeft revalidatiezorg nodig en wordt behandeld in het Militair Revalidatie
Centrum 'Aardenburg' (MRC) in Doorn. Het doel van dit onderzoek is een beschrijving te
geven van deze patiënten en de militaire revalidatiezorg. Methode: Een retrospectieve
beschrijvende studie. Door analyse van de gegevens uit de medische dossiers over
demografische kenmerken, het type letsel, de lokalisatie van de letsels en de geboden
revalidatiezorg. Resultaten: In de periode 1992 tot en met 2007 werden 20 militairen met
lichamelijk letsel ten gevolge van gevechtshandelingen behandeld in het MRC. Het betrof
19 mannen en 1 vrouw met een gemiddelde leeftijd bij opname van 27,5 jaar. De
militairen raakten gewond tijdens missies in Cambodja (n=3), Ex-Joegoslavië (n=7) en
Afghanistan (n=10). De militairen waren werkzaam bij de landmacht (n=16) en de marine
(n=4). Penetrerende wonden (80%), fracturen (60%) en amputaties (35%) werden het
meest frequent gezien. Letsels aan de onderste extremiteiten kwamen (75%) het meest
voor gevolgd door letsels aan de bovenste extremiteiten (40%). Letsels aan de romp
kwamen het minst frequent voor (10%). Bij alle patiënten bestond de revalidatiezorg uit
een vorm van bewegingstherapie (100%) en bijna alle patiënten kregen ADL training
(95%) en psychosociale hulpverlening (85%). Conclusies: 20 militairen met ernstige
lichamelijk letsel ten gevolge van gevechtshandelingen ontvingen revalidatiezorg in het
MRC. Het betrof een groep jonge, voornamelijk mannelijke militairen van de landmacht
met letsels van de extremiteiten. In de meeste gevallen was sprake van wonden, fracturen
en amputaties ten gevolg van explosies. Een exponentiële toename van het aantal
behandelde gewonde militairen is waarneembaar sinds de missie in Afghanistan.
145

KOC
Yano, E.M.
The role of organizational research in implementing evidence-based practice: QUERI
Series / E.M. Yano
In: Implementation science = ISSN 1748-5908: vol. 3 (2008), issue 1 (may), page 29.
Evidence-based medicine
Veteranen
Hulpverlening
U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VA)
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Health care organizations exert significant influence on the
manner in which clinicians practice and the processes and outcomes of care that patients
experience. A greater understanding of the organizational milieu into which innovations
will be introduced, as well as the organizational factors that are likely to foster or hinder
the adoption and use of new technologies, care arrangements and quality improvement
(QI) strategies are central to the effective implementation of research into practice.
Unfortunately, much implementation research seems to not recognize or adequately
address the influence and importance of organizations. Using examples from the U.S.
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI),
we describe the role of organizational research in advancing the implementation of
evidence-based practice into routine care settings. METHODS: Using the six-step QUERI
process as a foundation, we present an organizational research framework designed to
improve and accelerate the implementation of evidence-based practice into routine care.
Specific QUERI-related organizational research applications are reviewed, with discussion
of the measures and methods used to apply them. We describe these applications in the
context of a continuum of organizational research activities to be conducted before, during
and after implementation. RESULTS: Since QUERI's inception, various approaches to
organizational research have been employed to foster progress through QUERI's six-step
process. We report on how explicit integration of the evaluation of organizational factors
into QUERI planning has informed the design of more effective care delivery system
interventions and enabled their improved "fit" to individual VA facilities or practices. We
examine the value and challenges in conducting organizational research, and briefly
describe the contributions of organizational theory and environmental context to the
research framework. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the organizational context of
delivering evidence-based practice is a critical adjunct to efforts to systematically improve
quality. Given the size and diversity of VA practices, coupled with unique organizational
data sources, QUERI is well-positioned to make valuable contributions to the field of
implementation science. More explicit accommodation of organizational inquiry into
implementation research agendas has helped QUERI researchers to better frame and
extend their work as they move toward regional and national spread activities.
KOC
Young, A.L.
A conflict between science and social concerns: Agent Orange / A.L. Young
In: Environmental science and pollution research international = ISSN 0944-1344: vol. 15
(2008), issue 1, page 1-2.
Chemische oorlogsvoering
Agent Orange
KOC
146

Zalihic, A.
Case-control study: posttraumatic stress disorder and habits of war veterans / A.
Zalihic...[et al.]
In: Psychiatria Danubina = ISSN 0353-5053: vol. 20 (2008), issue 1, page 75-79.
PTSD
Drugsgebruik
Alcoholgebruik
Roken
Veteranen
Voormalig Joegoslavië
Diagnostiek
AIM: To correlate habits (abuse of tobacco, alcohol, psychoactive substances and drugs)
of war veterans and the frequency of symptoms in persons with PTSD and those without
it. METHODS: We have carried out a prospective research (case-control study) over the
period between September of 2005 and June 2006. The sample consisted of two groups
of examinees: 60 males, war veterans with PTSD and 60 males, war veterans without
PTSD. The group of war veterans without PTSD was formed using matching criteria
(same age, level of education). Both groups included married males. Research was
performed using a questionnaire designed for this study. RESULTS: A higher number of
war veterans without PTSD were employed compared to war veterans with PTSD
(chi(2)=45.753; df=4; p

noting that research may not be able to find any cause for these diseases/conditions;
hence, it may be necessary to embrace medical uncertainty, and also to accept patient
experience in order to facilitate diagnosis, treatment, and recovery process. Such a
change can alter patients' expectations and taken-for-granted assumptions about
medicine, and perhaps in turn reduce the frequency with which dissatisfied individuals
form illness groups that mobilize to challenge what they see as an unresponsive medical
system.
KOC
Zinzow, H.M.
Sexual assault, mental health, and service use among male and female veterans seen in
Veterans Affairs primary care clinics: a multi-site study / H.M. Zinzow...[et al.]
In: Psychiatry research = ISSN 0165-1781: vol. 159 (2008), issue 1-2, page 226-236.
Seksueel geweld
Geestelijke gezondheid
Hulpverlening
Veteranen
This study examined the nature and prevalence of sexual assault (SA), as well as its
relationship to psychiatric sequelae and service use, among the veteran population. We
performed a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional dataset consisting of 643 male
and 173 female veterans seen in four Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care clinics. Original
data were obtained through semi-structured clinic assessments, structured telephone
interviews, and medical chart reviews. Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square,
analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression. The lifetime prevalence of SA was
38% among women and 6% among men. Of veterans reporting a history of SA, most
experienced child sexual abuse and sexual revictimization. SA victims also had a more
extensive trauma history and demonstrated greater psychological impairment in
comparison to veterans reporting other types of trauma. However, only 25% of male SA
survivors and 38% of female SA survivors used mental health services in the past year.
These findings suggest that VA primary care clinics may benefit from expanding the
current mandated screen for military sexual trauma to include lifetime experiences and
trauma-related symptoms, thereby connecting more veterans with needed mental health
services.
KOC
Tweede generatie / Second generation
De
De Joodse na-oorlogse generatieproblematiek anno 2007. Rapportage van een
onderzoek naar aard en omvang / Drs. A.J. Agsteribbe, Drs. C.M. Kooyman. - Joods
Maatschappelijk Werk : Amsterdam, 2007. - 54 p. ; 24 cm
Holocaust
Joden
Tweede generatie
Psychosociale problematiek
Hulpverlening
Joods Maatschappelijk Werk (JMW)
s8.1.2 AGS
148

Himmler, Katrin
Katrin Himmler ; vertaling (uit het Duits) Marion Wilbrink
Lezing Vught, 9 december 2007 / Katrin Himmler ; vertaling (uit het Duits) Marion Wilbrink
In:Neuengamme Bulletin = ISSN 1574-9746: (2008), issue maart (maart), page 19-28.
Duitsland
Kinderen van foute ouders
Heinrich Himmler
Families
Geschiedenis
Zwijgen
Daders
Verwerkingsproces
Lezing door Katrin Himmler, achternicht van Heinrich Himmler, gehouden op uitnodiging
van Kamp Vught. Zij vertelt over haar boek dat zij geschreven heeft over de geschiedenis
van haar familie en hoe het is om het zwijgen te doorbreken.
Scheub, Ute
Het valse leven : over het Nazi-verleden van mijn vader / Ute Scheub ; uit het Duits vert.
door Hans Hom. - Amsterdam : Meulenhoff, cop. 2006. - 302 p. ; 22 cm. - (Meulenhoff
editie ; 2168)
Vert. van: Das falsche Leben : eine Vatersuche. - München [etc.] : Piper, cop. 2006. - Met
lit. opg.
ISBN 90-290-7745-X
CONTENTS
Een Duitse journaliste/schrijfster onderzoekt het naziverleden van haar vader die in 1969
zelfmoord pleegde.
Tweede Wereldoorlog
Duitsland
Nazisme
Vaders
Schuldgevoelens
Zwijgen
Tweede generatie
Biografieën
s8.1.2 SCH
149