Software Engineering for Students A Programming Approach

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Exercises 279 In black box (or functional) testing, sample data based on the specification is used. This is termed equivalence partitioning. In white box (or structural) testing, the internal structure of the software is used to select test data. This means that every path through the program is tested. Unit testing tests each component in isolation. Drivers and stubs are used to substitute for missing components. Integration testing tests components as they are brought together. 19.1 Consider a program that has 16 if-then statements in it. Then there are 216 • Exercises possible paths through it. If each test takes 50 microseconds and each action takes 50 microseconds (a gross underestimate), how much computer time is needed to test all program paths? 19.2 Devise black box and white box test data to test the following program. The program specification is: The program inputs a series of integers from the keyboard using a text field. The program finds the largest of the numbers. The numbers are terminated when a button labeled Start Again is pressed. Try not to look at the text of the program, given below, until you have completed the design of the black box data. The program involves the following class: class Biggest { private int largest; } public Biggest() { largest = 0; } public void nextNumber(int n) { if (n > largest) largest = n; } public void display(TextField textField) { textField.setText("largest so far is" + largest); } public void startAgain() { largest = 0; }
280 Chapter 19 ■ Testing 19.3 Devise black box and white box test data to test the following program. The program specification is: The program is to determine insurance premiums for a holiday, based upon the age and gender (male or female) of the client. For a female of age >= 18 and = 31 pays $3.50. A male of age >= 18 and = 36 pays $5.50. People aged 50 or more pay half premium. Any other ages or genders are an error, which is signaled as a premium of zero. The Java code for this program is: public float calcPremium(float age, String gender) { float premium; } if (gender.equals("female")) if ((age >= 18) && (age = 31) premium = 3.50f; else premium = 0.0f; else if (gender.equals("male")) if ((age >= 18) && (age = 36) premium = 5.5f; else premium = 0.0f; else premium = 0.0f; if (age >= 50) premium = premium * 0.5f; return premium; 19.4 Suggest features for software tools that could assist in using each of the following techniques: ■ black box testing ■ white box testing. 19.5 Substantial testing of a system uncovers not a single error. What conclusions would you draw?
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Software Engineering for Students D
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We work with leading authors to dev
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Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh
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vi Contents Part D ● Verification
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viii Detailed contents 3 The feasib
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x Detailed contents 9 Data flow des
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xii Detailed contents 14.7 Repetiti
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xiv Detailed contents 19.7 Unit tes
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xvi Detailed contents 26 Agile meth
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xviii Detailed contents 32.4 Softwa
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xx Preface Software Engineering and
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xxii Preface are engaged on a proje
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CHAPTER 1 This chapter: ■ reviews
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1.3 The cost of software production
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100% 10% 1970 SELF-TEST QUESTION Ha
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Analysis and design 1 /3 Coding 1 /
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 1.7 Maintenance
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1.8 Reliability 13 in the first pla
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1.8 Reliability 15 contain a comma
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Ease of maintenance Reliability Con
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Exercises 19 • Exercises These ex
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Further reading 21 Analyses of the
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■ documentation ■ maintenance
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2.2 The tasks 25 An important examp
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2.4 Methodology 27 reality. Like an
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■ error free ■ fault ■ tested
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3.2 ● Technical feasibility 3.3 C
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3.5 Case study 33 The hardware cost
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Answers to self-test questions 3.1
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4.2 The concept of a requirement 37
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4.3 The qualities of a specificatio
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4.5 The requirements specification
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4.6 The structure of a specificatio
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4.7 ● Use cases 4.7 Use cases 45
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Summary The ideal characteristics o
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Further reading 49 Further reading
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CHAPTER 5 This chapter explains: 5.
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5.3 Styles of human-computer interf
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5.5 Design principles and guideline
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5.5 Design principles and guideline
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 5.2 What problem
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5.8 Help systems 63 Our plan is to
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Further reading 65 5.5 Design a use
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CHAPTER 6 Modularity This chapter e
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6.2 Why modularity? 69 observed fau
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Figure 6.1 Two alternative software
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■ a simple program is more likely
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6.6 Information hiding 75 The class
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6.8 ● Coupling 6.8 Coupling 77 We
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6. Method calls with parameters tha
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3. Temporal cohesion 6.9 Cohesion 8
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> } public void setY(int newY) { y
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• Exercises 6.1 What is modularit
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CHAPTER 7 Structured programming Th
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7.2 Arguments against goto 89 If we
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■ if-then-else ■ while-do or re
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7.3 Arguments in favor of goto 93 l
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7.4 Selecting control structures 95
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while do if endif then else endWhil
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• Exercises 7.1 Review the argume
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count = 0 loop: count = count + 1 i
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> 8.2 Case study 103 A statement th
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start button event create defender
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8.3 ● Discussion Abstraction One
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Exercises 109 skill. On the other h
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CHAPTER 9 This chapter explains: 9.
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9.2 Identifying data flows 113 Noti
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9.3 Creation of a structure chart 1
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 9.4 Discussion 1
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Exercises 119 During the second sta
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CHAPTER 10 This chapter explains:
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In English, this reads: 10.2 A simp
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10.2 A simple example 125 Now comes
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10.4 Multiple input and output stre
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Process header Process issue 10.4 M
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10.5 Structure clashes 131 As seen
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10.5 Structure clashes 133 Let us r
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10.6 Discussion 135 ■ teachable -
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Exercises 137 2. a control block, s
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CHAPTER 11 Object-oriented design T
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Figure 11.1 The cyberspace invaders
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 11.1 Derive info
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11.5 Class-responsibility-collabora
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11.7 ● Discussion Summary 147 OOD
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11.11 Compare and contrast the prin
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CHAPTER 12 This chapter explains: 1
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12.3 Delegation 153 The concepts of
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12.5 Factory method 155 The followi
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12.8 Model, view controller (observ
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Figure 12.4 Pipe and Filter pattern
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Figure 12.6 Layers in a distributed
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Answers to self-test questions 163
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CHAPTER 13 Refactoring This chapter
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13.3 ● Move Method 13.6 Inline Cl
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class Sprite Instance variables x y
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Summary Summary 171 it is making po
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PART C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
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176 Chapter 14 ■ The basics and a
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178 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > > >
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180 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > Ear
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182 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > Cas
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184 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > > >
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186 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > } }
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188 Chapter 14 ■ The basics Unfor
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190 Chapter 14 ■ The basics Ada d
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192 Chapter 14 ■ The basics The w
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194 Chapter 14 ■ The basics In a
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196 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > str
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198 Chapter 14 ■ The basics Answe
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CHAPTER 15 Object-oriented programm
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202 Chapter 15 ■ Object-oriented
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222 Chapter 16 ■ Programming in t
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Page 288: PART D VERIFICATION
Page 291 and 292: 268 Chapter 19 ■ Testing We begin
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Further reading 329 Cathedral and t
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These are qualified by the statemen
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26.3 Extreme programming 333 develo
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 26.3 Which of th
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CHAPTER 27 This chapter explains:
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Figure 27.1 The phases of the unifi
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27.5 ● Iteration 27.6 Case study
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The transition phase Summary 343 Th
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PART F PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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348 Chapter 28 ■ Teams The commun
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350 Chapter 28 ■ Teams Level of s
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352 Chapter 28 ■ Teams A chief pr
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354 Chapter 28 ■ Teams benefits o
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356 Chapter 28 ■ Teams • Furthe
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358 Chapter 29 ■ Software metrics
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CHAPTER 30 This chapter: 30.1 ● I
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372 Chapter 30 ■ Project manageme
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CHAPTER 31 This chapter: 31.1 ● I
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31.3 Case study - assessing verific
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31.5 A single development method? 3
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Further reading 391 31.2 Draw up a
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32.3 ● The world of programming l
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32.5 ● The real world of software
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32.6 Control versus skill 397 Final
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Formal methods 32.7 Future methods
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Summary 401 In the short-term futur
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Further reading 403 An extensive tr
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APPENDIX A Case studies are used th
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Figure A.1 Cyberspace invaders A.4
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APPENDIX B Glossary Within the fiel
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C.2 ● Class diagrams C.2 Class di
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util Figure C.6 A package diagram S
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References to books and websites ar
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abstraction 99, 107 acceptance test
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fork 324 formal methods 276, 388, 3
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quality 18, 362 quality assurance 1
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