Software Engineering for Students A Programming Approach

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11.11 Compare and contrast the principles behind the following design methods: • ■ functional decomposition ■ data structure design ■ data flow design ■ object oriented design. Answers to self-test questions 11.1 There are objects laser and alien and therefore classes Laser and Alien. Class Laser has a method checkAlienHit. 11.2 class Bomb Instance variables x y height width yStep Methods Bomb move display getX getY getHeight getWidth Further reading Object-oriented design Further reading 149 An excellent book which presents a view of the process and notation of OOD and also contains five extensive design case studies. Widely regarded as the definitive book on OOD: G. Booch, Object-Oriented Design with Applications, Addison-Wesley, 2nd edn, 1993. A wide-ranging survey of approaches and notations. Very readable. An excellent overview of the different methods and notations: Edward Yourdon, Object-Oriented Systems Design: An Integrated Approach, Prentice Hall, 1994.
150 Chapter 11 ■ Object-oriented design This book provides many valuable insights into the design and implementation of object-oriented software. The early chapters provide an excellent and most readable explanation of the principles of OOP. Examples are given using the programming language Eiffel: B. Meyer, Object-Oriented Software Construction, Prentice Hall, 2nd edn, 1997. This excellent book provides a coherent language independent methodology for OOD known as “responsibility-driven design”: R.J. Wirfs-Brock, B. Wilkerson and L. Weiner, Designing Object-Oriented Software, Prentice Hall, 1990. Unified modeling language Two simple books that one can read and understand: Martin Fowler with Kendall Scott, UML Distilled, Addison-Wesley, 2000; Perdita Stevens with Rob Pooley, Using UML, Addison-Wesley, 2000. Object-oriented development Written by a consultant who has seen many successful and unsuccessful projects. He gives the results of his very practical experience. The book begins by identifying the problems of software engineering. As part of this he suggests that successful pieces of software have been written by just two people, young and without using respectable methods. He goes on to look at the expected benefits of OOD. The main part of the book is about practical OOD methods including management, “software component foundries” and how to bring about change: Tom Love, Object Lessons: Lessons Learned in OO Development Projects, SIGS Books, 1993. This book complements Booch’s book about the technical aspects of design. It is a companion book about the down-to-earth practical aspects of development. Very readable: Grady Booch, Object Solutions: Managing the OO Project, Addison-Wesley, 1996.
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Software Engineering for Students D
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We work with leading authors to dev
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Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh
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vi Contents Part D ● Verification
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viii Detailed contents 3 The feasib
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x Detailed contents 9 Data flow des
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xii Detailed contents 14.7 Repetiti
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xiv Detailed contents 19.7 Unit tes
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xvi Detailed contents 26 Agile meth
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xviii Detailed contents 32.4 Softwa
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xx Preface Software Engineering and
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xxii Preface are engaged on a proje
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CHAPTER 1 This chapter: ■ reviews
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1.3 The cost of software production
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100% 10% 1970 SELF-TEST QUESTION Ha
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Analysis and design 1 /3 Coding 1 /
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 1.7 Maintenance
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1.8 Reliability 13 in the first pla
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1.8 Reliability 15 contain a comma
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Ease of maintenance Reliability Con
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Exercises 19 • Exercises These ex
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Further reading 21 Analyses of the
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■ documentation ■ maintenance
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2.2 The tasks 25 An important examp
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2.4 Methodology 27 reality. Like an
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■ error free ■ fault ■ tested
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3.2 ● Technical feasibility 3.3 C
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3.5 Case study 33 The hardware cost
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Answers to self-test questions 3.1
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4.2 The concept of a requirement 37
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4.3 The qualities of a specificatio
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4.5 The requirements specification
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4.6 The structure of a specificatio
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4.7 ● Use cases 4.7 Use cases 45
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Summary The ideal characteristics o
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Further reading 49 Further reading
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CHAPTER 5 This chapter explains: 5.
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5.3 Styles of human-computer interf
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5.5 Design principles and guideline
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5.5 Design principles and guideline
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 5.2 What problem
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5.8 Help systems 63 Our plan is to
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Further reading 65 5.5 Design a use
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CHAPTER 6 Modularity This chapter e
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6.2 Why modularity? 69 observed fau
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Figure 6.1 Two alternative software
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■ a simple program is more likely
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6.6 Information hiding 75 The class
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6.8 ● Coupling 6.8 Coupling 77 We
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6. Method calls with parameters tha
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3. Temporal cohesion 6.9 Cohesion 8
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> } public void setY(int newY) { y
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• Exercises 6.1 What is modularit
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CHAPTER 7 Structured programming Th
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7.2 Arguments against goto 89 If we
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■ if-then-else ■ while-do or re
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7.3 Arguments in favor of goto 93 l
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7.4 Selecting control structures 95
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while do if endif then else endWhil
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Page 126 and 127: > 8.2 Case study 103 A statement th
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Page 130 and 131: 8.3 ● Discussion Abstraction One
Page 132 and 133: Exercises 109 skill. On the other h
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Page 136 and 137: 9.2 Identifying data flows 113 Noti
Page 138 and 139: 9.3 Creation of a structure chart 1
Page 140 and 141: SELF-TEST QUESTION 9.4 Discussion 1
Page 142 and 143: Exercises 119 During the second sta
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Page 152 and 153: Process header Process issue 10.4 M
Page 154 and 155: 10.5 Structure clashes 131 As seen
Page 156 and 157: 10.5 Structure clashes 133 Let us r
Page 158 and 159: 10.6 Discussion 135 ■ teachable -
Page 160 and 161: Exercises 137 2. a control block, s
Page 162 and 163: CHAPTER 11 Object-oriented design T
Page 164 and 165: Figure 11.1 The cyberspace invaders
Page 166 and 167: SELF-TEST QUESTION 11.1 Derive info
Page 168 and 169: 11.5 Class-responsibility-collabora
Page 170 and 171: 11.7 ● Discussion Summary 147 OOD
Page 174 and 175: CHAPTER 12 This chapter explains: 1
Page 176 and 177: 12.3 Delegation 153 The concepts of
Page 178 and 179: 12.5 Factory method 155 The followi
Page 180 and 181: 12.8 Model, view controller (observ
Page 182 and 183: Figure 12.4 Pipe and Filter pattern
Page 184 and 185: Figure 12.6 Layers in a distributed
Page 186 and 187: Answers to self-test questions 163
Page 188 and 189: CHAPTER 13 Refactoring This chapter
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Page 192 and 193: class Sprite Instance variables x y
Page 194 and 195: Summary Summary 171 it is making po
Page 196: PART C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Page 199 and 200: 176 Chapter 14 ■ The basics and a
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CHAPTER 15 Object-oriented programm
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202 Chapter 15 ■ Object-oriented
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222 Chapter 16 ■ Programming in t
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238 Chapter 17 ■ Software robustn
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260 Chapter 18 ■ Scripting GNU/Li
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262 Chapter 18 ■ Scripting In sum
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PART D VERIFICATION
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268 Chapter 19 ■ Testing We begin
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270 Chapter 19 ■ Testing within a
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272 Chapter 19 ■ Testing Test num
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274 Chapter 19 ■ Testing if (a >=
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276 Chapter 19 ■ Testing 3. apply
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278 Chapter 19 ■ Testing made con
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280 Chapter 19 ■ Testing 19.3 Dev
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282 Chapter 19 ■ Testing 19.2 The
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284 Chapter 20 ■ Groups The term
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286 Chapter 20 ■ Groups Of course
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288 Chapter 20 ■ Groups • Exerc
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CHAPTER 21 This chapter explains: 2
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Stage Input Output 21.3 Feedback be
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Summary The essence and the strengt
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CHAPTER 22 This chapter: 22.1 ● I
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22.2 The spiral model 299 to try to
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22.4 ● Discussion Exercises 301 A
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CHAPTER 23 Prototyping This chapter
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Therefore, in summary: ■ the prod
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23.5 Evolutionary prototyping 307 U
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Reuse components 23.6 Rapid prototy
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Pitfalls For users, the problems of
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Answers to self-test questions 313
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24.2 ● Big-bang implementation 24
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Tested component Figure 24.1 Top-do
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24.7 ● Use case driven implementa
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■ middle-out ■ use case based.
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 25.1 What is the
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sharing of software or their own re
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Summary 327 Inappropriate patches,
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Further reading 329 Cathedral and t
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These are qualified by the statemen
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26.3 Extreme programming 333 develo
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 26.3 Which of th
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CHAPTER 27 This chapter explains:
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Figure 27.1 The phases of the unifi
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27.5 ● Iteration 27.6 Case study
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The transition phase Summary 343 Th
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PART F PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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348 Chapter 28 ■ Teams The commun
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350 Chapter 28 ■ Teams Level of s
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352 Chapter 28 ■ Teams A chief pr
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354 Chapter 28 ■ Teams benefits o
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356 Chapter 28 ■ Teams • Furthe
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358 Chapter 29 ■ Software metrics
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372 Chapter 30 ■ Project manageme
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31.3 Case study - assessing verific
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31.5 A single development method? 3
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Further reading 391 31.2 Draw up a
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32.3 ● The world of programming l
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32.5 ● The real world of software
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32.6 Control versus skill 397 Final
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Formal methods 32.7 Future methods
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Summary 401 In the short-term futur
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Further reading 403 An extensive tr
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APPENDIX A Case studies are used th
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Figure A.1 Cyberspace invaders A.4
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APPENDIX B Glossary Within the fiel
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C.2 ● Class diagrams C.2 Class di
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util Figure C.6 A package diagram S
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References to books and websites ar
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abstraction 99, 107 acceptance test
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fork 324 formal methods 276, 388, 3
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quality 18, 362 quality assurance 1
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