Software Engineering for Students A Programming Approach

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Exercises 119 During the second stage of data flow design, the data flow diagram is transformed into a structure chart, showing the constituent components of the software and their interrelationships, by: 1. identifying the most important or central transformation in the data flow diagram 2. lifting this transformation into the air, leaving the others dangling beneath it. This creates a hierarchical or tree-shaped structure for the software. Arguably data flow design leads to the most modular structure for the software, since the design is based on “data coupling” (the best type) between the components. • Exercises 9.1 Complete the development of the patient monitoring system described in this chapter. 9.2 Apply data flow design to devising an architectural structure for each of the systems described in Appendix A. 9.3 What characteristics should a good software design method possess? Does data flow design exhibit them? 9.4 Suggest the facilities of a software tool that could assist in using data flow design. 9.5 Compare and contrast the principles behind the following design methods: ■ functional decomposition ■ data structure design ■ data flow design ■ object-oriented design. 9.6 Evaluate data flow design under the following headings: ■ special features and strengths. ■ weaknesses ■ philosophy/perspective? ■ systematic? ■ appropriate applications ■ inappropriate applications ■ is the method top-down, bottom-up or something else?
120 Chapter 9 ■ Data flow design ■ good for large-scale design? ■ good for small-scale design? 9.7 Suggest features for a software toolkit to assist in using data flow design. Answers to self-test questions 9.1 Arrow from the convert bubble to a log bubble. Then arrow from this bubble to a log file data store. 9.2 Line downwards from the check component to a component labeled log. • Further reading Data flow design is described in: E. Yourdon and Larry L. Constantine, Structured Design, Prentice Hall, 1979.
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Software Engineering for Students D
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We work with leading authors to dev
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Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh
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vi Contents Part D ● Verification
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viii Detailed contents 3 The feasib
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x Detailed contents 9 Data flow des
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xii Detailed contents 14.7 Repetiti
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xiv Detailed contents 19.7 Unit tes
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xvi Detailed contents 26 Agile meth
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xviii Detailed contents 32.4 Softwa
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xx Preface Software Engineering and
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xxii Preface are engaged on a proje
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CHAPTER 1 This chapter: ■ reviews
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1.3 The cost of software production
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100% 10% 1970 SELF-TEST QUESTION Ha
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Analysis and design 1 /3 Coding 1 /
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 1.7 Maintenance
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1.8 Reliability 13 in the first pla
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1.8 Reliability 15 contain a comma
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Ease of maintenance Reliability Con
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Exercises 19 • Exercises These ex
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Further reading 21 Analyses of the
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■ documentation ■ maintenance
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2.2 The tasks 25 An important examp
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2.4 Methodology 27 reality. Like an
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■ error free ■ fault ■ tested
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3.2 ● Technical feasibility 3.3 C
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3.5 Case study 33 The hardware cost
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Answers to self-test questions 3.1
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4.2 The concept of a requirement 37
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4.3 The qualities of a specificatio
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4.5 The requirements specification
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4.6 The structure of a specificatio
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4.7 ● Use cases 4.7 Use cases 45
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Summary The ideal characteristics o
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Further reading 49 Further reading
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CHAPTER 5 This chapter explains: 5.
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5.3 Styles of human-computer interf
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5.5 Design principles and guideline
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5.5 Design principles and guideline
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 5.2 What problem
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5.8 Help systems 63 Our plan is to
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Further reading 65 5.5 Design a use
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CHAPTER 6 Modularity This chapter e
Page 92 and 93: 6.2 Why modularity? 69 observed fau
Page 94 and 95: Figure 6.1 Two alternative software
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Page 98 and 99: 6.6 Information hiding 75 The class
Page 100 and 101: 6.8 ● Coupling 6.8 Coupling 77 We
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Page 104 and 105: 3. Temporal cohesion 6.9 Cohesion 8
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Page 108 and 109: • Exercises 6.1 What is modularit
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Page 112 and 113: 7.2 Arguments against goto 89 If we
Page 114 and 115: ■ if-then-else ■ while-do or re
Page 116 and 117: 7.3 Arguments in favor of goto 93 l
Page 118 and 119: 7.4 Selecting control structures 95
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Page 122 and 123: • Exercises 7.1 Review the argume
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Page 126 and 127: > 8.2 Case study 103 A statement th
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Page 130 and 131: 8.3 ● Discussion Abstraction One
Page 132 and 133: Exercises 109 skill. On the other h
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 9 This chapter explains: 9.
Page 136 and 137: 9.2 Identifying data flows 113 Noti
Page 138 and 139: 9.3 Creation of a structure chart 1
Page 140 and 141: SELF-TEST QUESTION 9.4 Discussion 1
Page 144 and 145: CHAPTER 10 This chapter explains:
Page 146 and 147: In English, this reads: 10.2 A simp
Page 148 and 149: 10.2 A simple example 125 Now comes
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Page 154 and 155: 10.5 Structure clashes 131 As seen
Page 156 and 157: 10.5 Structure clashes 133 Let us r
Page 158 and 159: 10.6 Discussion 135 ■ teachable -
Page 160 and 161: Exercises 137 2. a control block, s
Page 162 and 163: CHAPTER 11 Object-oriented design T
Page 164 and 165: Figure 11.1 The cyberspace invaders
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Page 168 and 169: 11.5 Class-responsibility-collabora
Page 170 and 171: 11.7 ● Discussion Summary 147 OOD
Page 172 and 173: 11.11 Compare and contrast the prin
Page 174 and 175: CHAPTER 12 This chapter explains: 1
Page 176 and 177: 12.3 Delegation 153 The concepts of
Page 178 and 179: 12.5 Factory method 155 The followi
Page 180 and 181: 12.8 Model, view controller (observ
Page 182 and 183: Figure 12.4 Pipe and Filter pattern
Page 184 and 185: Figure 12.6 Layers in a distributed
Page 186 and 187: Answers to self-test questions 163
Page 188 and 189: CHAPTER 13 Refactoring This chapter
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class Sprite Instance variables x y
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Summary Summary 171 it is making po
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PART C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
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176 Chapter 14 ■ The basics and a
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178 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > > >
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180 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > Ear
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182 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > Cas
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184 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > > >
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186 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > } }
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188 Chapter 14 ■ The basics Unfor
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190 Chapter 14 ■ The basics Ada d
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192 Chapter 14 ■ The basics The w
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194 Chapter 14 ■ The basics In a
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196 Chapter 14 ■ The basics > str
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198 Chapter 14 ■ The basics Answe
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CHAPTER 15 Object-oriented programm
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202 Chapter 15 ■ Object-oriented
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222 Chapter 16 ■ Programming in t
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238 Chapter 17 ■ Software robustn
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260 Chapter 18 ■ Scripting GNU/Li
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262 Chapter 18 ■ Scripting In sum
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PART D VERIFICATION
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268 Chapter 19 ■ Testing We begin
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270 Chapter 19 ■ Testing within a
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272 Chapter 19 ■ Testing Test num
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274 Chapter 19 ■ Testing if (a >=
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276 Chapter 19 ■ Testing 3. apply
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278 Chapter 19 ■ Testing made con
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280 Chapter 19 ■ Testing 19.3 Dev
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282 Chapter 19 ■ Testing 19.2 The
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284 Chapter 20 ■ Groups The term
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286 Chapter 20 ■ Groups Of course
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288 Chapter 20 ■ Groups • Exerc
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CHAPTER 21 This chapter explains: 2
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Stage Input Output 21.3 Feedback be
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Summary The essence and the strengt
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CHAPTER 22 This chapter: 22.1 ● I
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22.2 The spiral model 299 to try to
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22.4 ● Discussion Exercises 301 A
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CHAPTER 23 Prototyping This chapter
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Therefore, in summary: ■ the prod
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23.5 Evolutionary prototyping 307 U
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Reuse components 23.6 Rapid prototy
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Pitfalls For users, the problems of
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Answers to self-test questions 313
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24.2 ● Big-bang implementation 24
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Tested component Figure 24.1 Top-do
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24.7 ● Use case driven implementa
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■ middle-out ■ use case based.
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 25.1 What is the
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sharing of software or their own re
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Summary 327 Inappropriate patches,
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Further reading 329 Cathedral and t
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These are qualified by the statemen
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26.3 Extreme programming 333 develo
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SELF-TEST QUESTION 26.3 Which of th
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CHAPTER 27 This chapter explains:
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Figure 27.1 The phases of the unifi
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27.5 ● Iteration 27.6 Case study
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The transition phase Summary 343 Th
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PART F PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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348 Chapter 28 ■ Teams The commun
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350 Chapter 28 ■ Teams Level of s
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352 Chapter 28 ■ Teams A chief pr
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354 Chapter 28 ■ Teams benefits o
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356 Chapter 28 ■ Teams • Furthe
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358 Chapter 29 ■ Software metrics
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372 Chapter 30 ■ Project manageme
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31.3 Case study - assessing verific
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31.5 A single development method? 3
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Further reading 391 31.2 Draw up a
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32.3 ● The world of programming l
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32.5 ● The real world of software
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32.6 Control versus skill 397 Final
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Formal methods 32.7 Future methods
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Summary 401 In the short-term futur
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Further reading 403 An extensive tr
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APPENDIX A Case studies are used th
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Figure A.1 Cyberspace invaders A.4
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APPENDIX B Glossary Within the fiel
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C.2 ● Class diagrams C.2 Class di
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util Figure C.6 A package diagram S
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References to books and websites ar
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abstraction 99, 107 acceptance test
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fork 324 formal methods 276, 388, 3
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quality 18, 362 quality assurance 1
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