UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

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viii Contents Hard Disk Drive Troubleshooting and Repair 135 Optical Drive Interface Types 137 MS-DOS Command-Line Access to CD-ROM Drives for Reloading Windows 137 Troubleshooting Optical Drives 138 Failure Reading a CD 138 Failure Reading CD-R and CD-RW Disks in a CD-ROM or DVD Drive 139 IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM Drive Runs Slowly 139 Trouble Using Bootable CDs 140 5 Floppy, Removable, Tape, and Flash Memory Storage 143 Floppy Drives 143 Where Floppy Drives Fail—and Simple Fixes 144 The Drive Cover 144 The Stepper Motor 144 Interface Circuit Boards 145 Read/Write Heads 145 Floppy Drive Hardware Resources 145 Don’t Use a Floppy Drive While Running a Tape Backup 146 Disk Drive Power and Data Connectors 146 Floppy Drive Troubleshooting 148 Common Floppy Drive Error Messages—Causes and Solutions 149 Removable Storage Drives 150 Sources for “Orphan” Drive Media, Repairs, Drivers, and Support 153 Emergency Access to Iomega Zip Drive Files in Case of Disaster 153 Troubleshooting Removable Media Drives 154 Types of Flash Memory Devices 155 Tape Backup Drives and Media 155 Common Tape Backup Standards 155 Travan Tape Drives and Media 156 Proprietary Versions of Travan Technology 157 Getting Extra Capacity with Verbatim QIC-EX Tape Media 157 OnStream ADR Tape Drives and Media 158 Choosing the Best High-Performance Backup Technology 159 Successful Tape Backup and Restore Procedures 160 Tape Drive Troubleshooting 161 Tape Retensioning 164 6 Serial Ports and Modems 165 Understanding Serial Ports 165 Pinouts for Serial Ports 166 Current Loop Serial Devices and 25-Pin Serial Ports 168 UARTs 169 UART Types 169 Identifying Your System UART 170 High-Speed Serial Ports (ESP and Super ESP) 171 Upgrading the UART Chip 171
Serial Port Configuration 172 Avoiding Conflicts with Serial Ports 173 Troubleshooting I/O Ports in Windows 9x and Me 173 Advanced Diagnostics Using Loopback Testing 174 Loopback Plug Pinouts—Serial Ports 175 Modems 176 Modems and Serial Ports 176 Modem Modulation Standards 176 56Kbps Standards 177 Upgrading from x2 or K56flex to V.90 with Flash Upgrades 178 External Versus Internal Modems 180 Modem Troubleshooting 180 Pinouts for External Modem Cable (9-Pin at PC) 184 Win98SE, Windows 2000, Windows Me, and ICS 184 Requirements for ICS 185 Overview of the Configuration Process 185 7 Parallel Ports, Printers, Scanners, and Drives 189 Parallel Port Connectors 189 Parallel Port Performance 190 Parallel Port Configurations 191 Testing Parallel Ports 191 Troubleshooting Parallel Ports 192 Printers 193 Hewlett-Packard PCL Versions 194 Comparing Host-Based to PDL-Based Printers 195 Printer Hardware Problems 196 Printer Connection Problems 199 Printer Driver and Application Problems 201 Troubleshooting Parallel Port and Other Types of Scanners 202 Parallel Port Drives 203 8 USB and IEEE-1394 Ports and Devices 205 Universal Serial Bus 205 USB Port Identification 205 Pinout for the USB Connector 205 Typical USB Port Locations 206 Adding USB Ports to Your Computer 206 Prerequisites for Using USB Ports and Peripherals 207 Troubleshooting USB Ports 207 Using USB Hubs with Legacy (Serial, Parallel, and PS/2) Ports 209 Online Sources for Additional USB Support 209 USB 2.0 209 IEEE-1394 210 Adding IEEE-1394 Ports to Your Computer 210 Comparing USB and IEEE-1394 211 Troubleshooting IEEE-1394 Host Adapters and Devices 212 IEEE-1394 and Linux 213 Online Sources for Additional IEEE-1394 Support 213 9 Keyboards, Mice, and Input Devices 215 Keyboard Designs 215 The 101-Key Enhanced Keyboard 215 101-Key Versus 102-Key Keyboards 215 The 104-Key Windows Keyboard 215 Contents ix
Page 1 and 2: UPGRADING AND REPAIRING PCs TECHNIC
Page 3 and 4: Associate Publisher Greg Wiegand Se
Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 General Technical Refere
Page 7: Contents vii IDE Hard Drive Identif
Page 11 and 12: Contents xi Sound Quality Standards
Page 13 and 14: About the Authors Scott Mueller is
Page 15 and 16: watch, photograph, and (occasionall
Page 17 and 18: Tell Us What You Think! As the read
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 General Technical Referen
Page 21 and 22: Understanding Bits, Nibbles, and By
Page 23 and 24: Note Glossary of Essential Terms 5
Page 25 and 26: Glossary of Essential Terms 7 Table
Page 27 and 28: Glossary of Essential Terms 9 Table
Page 29 and 30: Table 1.5 Hexadecimal/ASCII Convers
Page 31 and 32: Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 13 Ta
Page 33 and 34: Table 1.5 Hexadecimal/ASCII Convers
Page 35: Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 17 Ta
Page 38 and 39: 20 Chapter 2—System Components an
Page 54 and 55: 36 Caution Chapter 2—System Compo
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40 Chapter 2—System Components an
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44 modules can be divided by 9, but
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50 Other Add-On Card Configuration
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Chapter 3 3 BIOS Configurations and
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Where BIOS Updates Come From 71 Tab
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How to Recover from a Failed BIOS U
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Note A complete list of PnP device
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Other BIOS Troubleshooting Tips 77
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Determining the Motherboard Manufac
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Determining the Motherboard Manufac
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Table 3.8 Common Keystrokes Used to
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Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes The followi
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Port 80h Beep Code Codes Error Mess
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet 89 BIO
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet 91 Sha
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4 SCSI and IDE Hard Drives and Opti
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Cable key prevents improperly plugg
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Breaking the 504MB (528-Million-Byt
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Table 4.3 Using LBA Mode Operating
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5. Use the #4 option—View Current
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Using LBA Mode 103 Table 4.6 Why ID
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Sources for BIOS Upgrades 105 Table
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Improving Hard Disk Speed 107 Figur
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Bus-Mastering Chipsets for IDE 109
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Table 4.13 Bus-Mastering Chipsets b
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Table 4.14 Other IDE Drive Installa
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standard single-ended SCSI devices
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SCSI Drive and Device Configuration
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SCSI Drive and Device Configuration
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Following these tips will help mini
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SCSI Configuration Troubleshooting
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Using FDISK 125 Using FDISK FDISK i
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Benefits of Hard Disk Partitioning
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How FDISK and the Operating System
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How FDISK and the Operating System
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Now, the operating system can use t
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The command switches are explained
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MS-DOS Command-Line Access to CD-RO
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• Make sure the drive shows up as
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Troubleshooting Optical Drives 141
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144 Chapter 5—Floppy, Removable,
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156 • OnStream’s ADR (Advanced
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160 Table 5.13 High-Performance Tap
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166 Chapter 6—Serial Ports and Mo
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168 Table 6.2 25-Pin (PC, XT, and P
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170 Table 6.4 Overview of UART Chip
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188 (These settings require changes
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190 Chapter 7—Parallel Ports, Pri
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192 Building a Parallel Loopback Pl
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UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

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