UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

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Contents at a Glance 1 General Technical Reference 1 2 System Components and Configuration 19 3 BIOS Configurations and Upgrades 69 4 SCSI and IDE Hard Drives and Optical Drives 93 5 Floppy, Removable, Tape, and Flash Memory Storage 143 6 Serial Ports and Modems 165 7 Parallel Ports, Printers, Scanners, and Drives 189 8 USB and IEEE-1394 Ports and Devices 205 9 Keyboards, Mice, and Input Devices 215 10 Video and Audio 237 11 Networking 271 12 Operating System Installation and Diagnostic Testing 299 13 Tools and Techniques 309 14 Connector Quick Reference 317 Index 329
Contents 1 General Technical Reference 1 PC Subsystem Components Quick Reference 1 The Motherboard and Its Components 2 Understanding Bits, Nibbles, and Bytes 3 Standard Capacity Abbreviations and Meanings 3 Glossary of Essential Terms 5 PC99 Color Standards 10 Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 10 2 System Components and Configuration 19 Processors and Their Data Bus Widths 19 Differences Between PC/XT and AT Systems 20 Intel and Compatible Processor Specifications 21 Troubleshooting Processor Problems 27 Motherboard Form Factors 29 Baby-AT Motherboard 30 LPX Motherboard 31 ATX Motherboard 31 NLX Motherboard 32 Which Motherboard Is Which? 32 PC99 Color-Coding for Ports 33 Power Supplies 34 LPX Versus ATX Power Supplies 34 Power Connectors for the Drive(s) 36 Quick-Reference Chart for Troubleshooting Power Supplies 37 Memory Types 38 30-Pin SIMM 39 72-Pin SIMM 39 DIMMs 40 RDRAM 40 DDR SDRAM 41 Parity Versus Non-Parity Memory 42 Requirements for ECC Memory Use 43 Using the Divide by 3 Rule to Determine Parity Support 43 Using the Divide by 9 Rule to Determine Parity Support 43 Expanding Memory on a System 44 Memory Troubleshooting 45 Memory Usage Within the System 46 Hardware and Firmware Devices That Use Memory Addresses 46 Using Memory Addresses Beyond 1MB (0FFFFF) 49 Determining Memory Address Ranges in Use 49
Page 1 and 2: UPGRADING AND REPAIRING PCs TECHNIC
Page 3: Associate Publisher Greg Wiegand Se
Page 7 and 8: Contents vii IDE Hard Drive Identif
Page 9 and 10: Serial Port Configuration 172 Avoid
Page 11 and 12: Contents xi Sound Quality Standards
Page 13 and 14: About the Authors Scott Mueller is
Page 15 and 16: watch, photograph, and (occasionall
Page 17 and 18: Tell Us What You Think! As the read
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 General Technical Referen
Page 21 and 22: Understanding Bits, Nibbles, and By
Page 23 and 24: Note Glossary of Essential Terms 5
Page 25 and 26: Glossary of Essential Terms 7 Table
Page 27 and 28: Glossary of Essential Terms 9 Table
Page 29 and 30: Table 1.5 Hexadecimal/ASCII Convers
Page 31 and 32: Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 13 Ta
Page 33 and 34: Table 1.5 Hexadecimal/ASCII Convers
Page 35: Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 17 Ta
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36 Caution Chapter 2—System Compo
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38 Table 2.15 Troubleshooting Power
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40 Chapter 2—System Components an
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44 modules can be divided by 9, but
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50 Other Add-On Card Configuration
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Chapter 3 3 BIOS Configurations and
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Where BIOS Updates Come From 71 Tab
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How to Recover from a Failed BIOS U
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Note A complete list of PnP device
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Other BIOS Troubleshooting Tips 77
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Determining the Motherboard Manufac
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Determining the Motherboard Manufac
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Table 3.8 Common Keystrokes Used to
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Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes The followi
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Port 80h Beep Code Codes Error Mess
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet 89 BIO
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet 91 Sha
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4 SCSI and IDE Hard Drives and Opti
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Cable key prevents improperly plugg
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Breaking the 504MB (528-Million-Byt
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Table 4.3 Using LBA Mode Operating
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5. Use the #4 option—View Current
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Using LBA Mode 103 Table 4.6 Why ID
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Sources for BIOS Upgrades 105 Table
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Improving Hard Disk Speed 107 Figur
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Bus-Mastering Chipsets for IDE 109
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Table 4.13 Bus-Mastering Chipsets b
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Table 4.14 Other IDE Drive Installa
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standard single-ended SCSI devices
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SCSI Drive and Device Configuration
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SCSI Drive and Device Configuration
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Following these tips will help mini
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SCSI Configuration Troubleshooting
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Using FDISK 125 Using FDISK FDISK i
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Benefits of Hard Disk Partitioning
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How FDISK and the Operating System
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How FDISK and the Operating System
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Now, the operating system can use t
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The command switches are explained
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MS-DOS Command-Line Access to CD-RO
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• Make sure the drive shows up as
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Troubleshooting Optical Drives 141
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144 Chapter 5—Floppy, Removable,
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156 • OnStream’s ADR (Advanced
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160 Table 5.13 High-Performance Tap
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166 Chapter 6—Serial Ports and Mo
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168 Table 6.2 25-Pin (PC, XT, and P
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170 Table 6.4 Overview of UART Chip
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188 (These settings require changes
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190 Chapter 7—Parallel Ports, Pri
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192 Building a Parallel Loopback Pl
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UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

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