UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

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Table 1.2 Standard Abbreviations and Meanings Decimal Abbreviation Description Power Dec Kbit or Kb Kilobit 103 1,00 K or KB Kilobyte 103 1,00 Mbit or Mb Megabit 106 1,00 M or MB Megabyte 106 1,00 Gbit or Gb Gigabit 109 1,00 G or GB Gigabyte 109 1,00 Tbit or Tb Terabit 1012 1,00 T or TB Terabyte 1012 1,00
Note Glossary of Essential Terms 5 For other conversion and reference tables, see the Technical Reference (found on the CD-ROM) of Upgrading and Repairing <strong>PCs</strong>, Twelfth Edition. Glossary of Essential Terms Table 1.3 Terms and Their Definitions Term Definition ACPI Advanced configuration and power interface; power management for all types of computer devices. AGP Accelerated graphics port; a fast dedicated slot interface between the video adapter or chipset and the motherboard chipset North Bridge; developed by Intel. AGP is 32 bits wide; runs at 66MHz; and can transfer 1, 2, or 4 bits per cycle (1x, 2x, and 4x modes). APM Advanced power management; power management for hard drives and monitors. ATAPI AT attachment-packet interface; modified version of IDE that supports removable media and optical drives that use software drivers. Can coexist on the same cable with IDE hard drives. Beep code A series of one or more beeps used by the system BIOS to report errors. Beep codes vary by BIOS brand and version. BIOS Basic input/output system; a chip on the system board that controls essential devices, such as the keyboard, basic video display, floppy and hard drives, and memory. Cluster Also called allocation unit; the minimum disk space actually used by a file when it is stored; this size increases with larger drives due to the limitations of the FAT size. Color depth How many colors a video card can display at a given resolution; the higher the resolution, the more RAM required to display a given color depth. COM Communication port; also called serial port. Combo slot Also called shared slot; a pair of slots that share a single card bracket; only one of the two slots can be used at a time. Compact flash A type of flash memory device. CPU Central processing unit; the “brains” of a computer. CRT Cathode-ray tube; conventional TV-like picture tube display technology used on most desktop monitors. Data bus The connection that transmits data between the processor and the rest of the system. The width of the data bus defines the number of data bits that can be moved in to or out of the processor in one cycle. DCC Direct cable connection; Windows 9x/Me/2000 program that enables computers to link up through parallel or serial ports; Windows NT 4.0 supports serial port linkups only.
Page 1 and 2: UPGRADING AND REPAIRING PCs TECHNIC
Page 3 and 4: Associate Publisher Greg Wiegand Se
Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 General Technical Refere
Page 7 and 8: Contents vii IDE Hard Drive Identif
Page 9 and 10: Serial Port Configuration 172 Avoid
Page 11 and 12: Contents xi Sound Quality Standards
Page 13 and 14: About the Authors Scott Mueller is
Page 15 and 16: watch, photograph, and (occasionall
Page 17 and 18: Tell Us What You Think! As the read
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 General Technical Referen
Page 21: Understanding Bits, Nibbles, and By
Page 25 and 26: Glossary of Essential Terms 7 Table
Page 27 and 28: Glossary of Essential Terms 9 Table
Page 29 and 30: Table 1.5 Hexadecimal/ASCII Convers
Page 31 and 32: Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 13 Ta
Page 33 and 34: Table 1.5 Hexadecimal/ASCII Convers
Page 35: Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 17 Ta
Page 38 and 39: 20 Chapter 2—System Components an
Page 54 and 55: 36 Caution Chapter 2—System Compo
Page 56 and 57: 38 Table 2.15 Troubleshooting Power
Page 62 and 63: 44 modules can be divided by 9, but
Page 68 and 69: 50 Other Add-On Card Configuration
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54 Chapter 2—System Components an
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Chapter 3 3 BIOS Configurations and
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Where BIOS Updates Come From 71 Tab
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How to Recover from a Failed BIOS U
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Note A complete list of PnP device
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Other BIOS Troubleshooting Tips 77
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Determining the Motherboard Manufac
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Determining the Motherboard Manufac
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Table 3.8 Common Keystrokes Used to
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Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes The followi
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Port 80h Beep Code Codes Error Mess
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet 89 BIO
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet 91 Sha
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4 SCSI and IDE Hard Drives and Opti
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Cable key prevents improperly plugg
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Breaking the 504MB (528-Million-Byt
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Table 4.3 Using LBA Mode Operating
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5. Use the #4 option—View Current
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Using LBA Mode 103 Table 4.6 Why ID
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Sources for BIOS Upgrades 105 Table
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Improving Hard Disk Speed 107 Figur
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Bus-Mastering Chipsets for IDE 109
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Table 4.13 Bus-Mastering Chipsets b
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Table 4.14 Other IDE Drive Installa
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standard single-ended SCSI devices
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SCSI Drive and Device Configuration
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SCSI Drive and Device Configuration
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Following these tips will help mini
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SCSI Configuration Troubleshooting
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Using FDISK 125 Using FDISK FDISK i
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Benefits of Hard Disk Partitioning
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How FDISK and the Operating System
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How FDISK and the Operating System
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Now, the operating system can use t
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The command switches are explained
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MS-DOS Command-Line Access to CD-RO
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• Make sure the drive shows up as
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Troubleshooting Optical Drives 141
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144 Chapter 5—Floppy, Removable,
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156 • OnStream’s ADR (Advanced
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160 Table 5.13 High-Performance Tap
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166 Chapter 6—Serial Ports and Mo
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168 Table 6.2 25-Pin (PC, XT, and P
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170 Table 6.4 Overview of UART Chip
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188 (These settings require changes
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190 Chapter 7—Parallel Ports, Pri
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192 Building a Parallel Loopback Pl
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UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

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