UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

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150 Chapter 5—Floppy, Removable, Tape, and Flash Storage Table 5.4 Handling Floppy Drive Error Messages Continued Error Message Cause Solution General Failure The disk is not formatted Reformat the disk and retest. Reading Drive A, or has been formatted for Abort, Retry, Fail, a different operating system or Disk Error 31 (Macintosh, for example). Damaged areas on the Replace the disk and retest. Use disk medium. Norton Utilities or SpinRite to recover data from disk. Disk not seated properly Remove and reinsert in drive. Try in drive. holding disk in place with your hand. If you can read the data, copy it to a reliable disk. Access Denied You are trying to write Move the write-protect switch to to a write-protected disk allow writing on the disk, or or file. remove the read-only file attribute from the file(s). File attributes can be changed by the ATTRIB command or through the file properties in Windows. Insufficient Disk The disk is filled, or the Check to see if sufficient free space Space or Disk Full root directory is filled. is available on the disk for your intended operation. Use folders on the disk to store files, or change to a new disk. Bytes in Bad Displayed after FORMAT, Operating system will not use bad Sectors CHKDSK, or SCANDISK if sectors, but this is a sign of a (greater than 0) allocation units (clusters) marginal disk; reformat or discard have been marked bad. and use a new disk with no bad sectors. Disk Type or You are attempting to Disks can be copied only between Drive Type DISKCOPY between two drives using the same disk density Incompatible incompatible drive and size. Use COPY or XCOPY unless or Bad disk types. you are trying to create an exact copy. Removable Storage Drives For backup or alternative main storage, many users today are deemphasizing floppy disks in favor of alternative storage media. Table 5.5 describes the varying types of storage media, and Table 5.6 provides an overview of storage types. Of the drives listed, only the LS120/SuperDisk, Sony HiFD, and Caleb it drives are also read/write compatible with standard 3 1/2-inch floppy media. Drives that use SCSI or IDE (ATAPI) interfaces are installed the same way as other SCSI or IDE devices. Refer to Chapter 4, “SCSI and IDE Hard Drives and Optical Drives,” for details.
Table 5.5 Quick Reference to Removable Magnetic and Flash Stora Media Type Media Brands Mfrs Capacity Flash memory SmartMedia, ATA Data Various 2MB–512MB, depend Flash, Compact Flash, Memory Stick on brand and model Flexible magnetic disk Clik!, Zip, LS-120 Various 40MB–250MB, depen SuperDisk, Sony HiFD, Caleb it on brand and model Hard disk MicroDrive IBM 170MB and 340MB Hard disk DataPak Kingston 520MB and 1GB High-performance, flexible magnetic disk Jaz Iomega 1GB and 2GB High-performance, hard disk cartridge Orb Castlewood 2.2GB .315'' magnetic Travan and Travan NS Various Up to 10GB1 , depend tape cartridge on brand & model ADR magnetic ADR 30GB and 50GB OnStream 15GB1 and 25GB1 tape cartridge DAT, Exabyte 8MM, Various Various Up to 50GB 1 AIT magnetic tape 1. Uncompressed capacity: Tape drives are usually rated at 2:1 compression; multiply uncompres ing capacity.
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UPGRADING AND REPAIRING PCs TECHNIC
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Associate Publisher Greg Wiegand Se
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Contents 1 General Technical Refere
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Contents vii IDE Hard Drive Identif
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Serial Port Configuration 172 Avoid
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Contents xi Sound Quality Standards
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About the Authors Scott Mueller is
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watch, photograph, and (occasionall
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Tell Us What You Think! As the read
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Chapter 1 General Technical Referen
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Understanding Bits, Nibbles, and By
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Note Glossary of Essential Terms 5
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Glossary of Essential Terms 7 Table
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Glossary of Essential Terms 9 Table
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Table 1.5 Hexadecimal/ASCII Convers
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Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 13 Ta
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Table 1.5 Hexadecimal/ASCII Convers
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Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions 17 Ta
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20 Chapter 2—System Components an
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36 Caution Chapter 2—System Compo
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38 Table 2.15 Troubleshooting Power
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44 modules can be divided by 9, but
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50 Other Add-On Card Configuration
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Chapter 3 3 BIOS Configurations and
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Where BIOS Updates Come From 71 Tab
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How to Recover from a Failed BIOS U
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Note A complete list of PnP device
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Other BIOS Troubleshooting Tips 77
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Determining the Motherboard Manufac
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Determining the Motherboard Manufac
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Table 3.8 Common Keystrokes Used to
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Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes The followi
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Port 80h Beep Code Codes Error Mess
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet 89 BIO
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet 91 Sha
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4 SCSI and IDE Hard Drives and Opti
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Cable key prevents improperly plugg
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Breaking the 504MB (528-Million-Byt
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.3 Using LBA Mode Operating
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Page 121 and 122: Using LBA Mode 103 Table 4.6 Why ID
Page 123 and 124: Sources for BIOS Upgrades 105 Table
Page 125 and 126: Improving Hard Disk Speed 107 Figur
Page 127 and 128: Bus-Mastering Chipsets for IDE 109
Page 129 and 130: Table 4.13 Bus-Mastering Chipsets b
Page 131 and 132: Table 4.14 Other IDE Drive Installa
Page 133 and 134: standard single-ended SCSI devices
Page 135 and 136: SCSI Drive and Device Configuration
Page 137 and 138: SCSI Drive and Device Configuration
Page 139 and 140: Following these tips will help mini
Page 141 and 142: SCSI Configuration Troubleshooting
Page 143 and 144: Using FDISK 125 Using FDISK FDISK i
Page 145 and 146: Benefits of Hard Disk Partitioning
Page 147 and 148: How FDISK and the Operating System
Page 149 and 150: How FDISK and the Operating System
Page 151 and 152: Now, the operating system can use t
Page 153 and 154: The command switches are explained
Page 155 and 156: MS-DOS Command-Line Access to CD-RO
Page 157 and 158: • Make sure the drive shows up as
Page 159: Troubleshooting Optical Drives 141
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Page 178 and 179: 160 Table 5.13 High-Performance Tap
Page 184 and 185: 166 Chapter 6—Serial Ports and Mo
Page 186 and 187: 168 Table 6.2 25-Pin (PC, XT, and P
Page 188 and 189: 170 Table 6.4 Overview of UART Chip
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Page 208 and 209: 190 Chapter 7—Parallel Ports, Pri
Page 210 and 211: 192 Building a Parallel Loopback Pl
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200 Chapter 7—Parallel Ports, Pri
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