UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs
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UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs UPGRADING REPAIRING PCs

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x Contents Using Windows Keys 215 Keyboard-Only Commands for Windows 9x/NT4/2000/Me with Any Keyboard 216 Standard Versus Portable Keyboards 219 Keyswitch Types 219 Cleaning a Foam-Element Keyswitch 220 Adjusting Keyboard Parameters in Windows 221 Keyboard Layouts and Scan Codes 221 Keyboard Connectors 225 Keyboard Connector Signals 226 USB Keyboard Requirements 227 Keyboard Troubleshooting and Repair 227 Keyboard Connector Voltage and Signal Specifications 229 Keyboard Error Codes 229 Mice and Pointing Devices 230 Mouse Motion Detection Methods 230 Pointing Device Interface Types 230 Wireless Mouse Types 231 Software Drivers for the Mouse 231 Alternative Pointing Devices 232 Mouse Troubleshooting 233 10 Video and Audio 237 Selecting a Monitor Size 237 Monitor Resolution 238 CRTs Versus LCDs 238 Common Monitor Resolutions 238 LCD Versus CRT Display Size 239 Monitor Power Management Modes 239 VGA Video Connector Pinouts 241 VGA DB-15 Analog Connector Pinout 241 Digital Flat Panel Pinouts 242 Digital Visual Interface Pinouts 243 VGA Video Display Modes 244 Video RAM 246 Memory, Resolution, and Color Depth 247 Determining the Amount of RAM on Your Display Card 249 Local-Bus Video Standards 249 RAMDAC 251 Refresh Rates 252 Adjusting the Refresh Rate of the Video Card 252 Comparing Video Cards with the Same Chipset 253 Setting Up Multiple Monitor Support in Windows 98/Me/2000 253 System Configuration Issues for Multiple-Monitor Support 256 Video Card and Chipset Makers Model Reference 256 3-D Chipsets 256 Multimedia Devices 256 Troubleshooting Video Capture Devices 257 Testing a Monitor with Common Applications 258 Audio I/O Connectors 260 Connectors for Advanced Features 262

Contents xi Sound Quality Standards 263 Configuring Sound Cards 263 PCI Versus ISA Sound Cards 264 Multifunction (Modem and Sound) Cards 264 Troubleshooting Audio Hardware 265 Hardware (Resource) Conflicts 265 Detecting Resource Conflicts 265 Most Common Causes of Hardware Conflicts with Sound Card 266 Freeing Up IRQ 5 for Sound Card Use While Still Printing 267 Other Sound Card Problems 267 11 Networking 271 Client/Server Versus Peer-to-Peer Networking 271 Choosing Network Hardware and Software 272 NIC 272 UTP Cable 273 Hub 273 Software 273 Network Protocols 275 IP and TCP/IP 275 Selecting a Network Data-Link Protocol (Specification) 276 Network Cable Connectors 277 Wire Pairing for Twisted-Pair Cabling 278 Making Your Own UTP Cables 278 Network Cabling Distance Limitations 280 Cabling Standards for Fast Ethernet 281 Specialized Network Options 281 What About Home Networking? 281 Wireless Networking Standards 282 Wireless Network Configuration and Selection Issues 284 TCP/IP Network Protocol Settings 284 TCP/IP Protocol Worksheet 285 Troubleshooting Networks 287 Troubleshooting Network Software Setup 287 Troubleshooting Networks in Use 288 Troubleshooting TCP/IP 289 Direct Cable Connections 290 Null Modem and Parallel Data-Transfer Cables 290 Direct Connect Software 291 Troubleshooting Direct Cable Connections 295 12 Operating System Installation and Diagnostic Testing 299 Installing an Operating System on an Empty Drive 299 Installing MS-DOS 299 Installing Windows 9x 300 Installing Windows Me 300 Installing Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 301 Upgrading an Operating System 302 Installing to the Same Folder 302 Installing to a Different Folder 302 Installing to a Different Partition 302

x<br />

Contents<br />

Using Windows Keys 215<br />

Keyboard-Only Commands for Windows<br />

9x/NT4/2000/Me with Any Keyboard 216<br />

Standard Versus Portable Keyboards 219<br />

Keyswitch Types 219<br />

Cleaning a Foam-Element Keyswitch 220<br />

Adjusting Keyboard Parameters in Windows 221<br />

Keyboard Layouts and Scan Codes 221<br />

Keyboard Connectors 225<br />

Keyboard Connector Signals 226<br />

USB Keyboard Requirements 227<br />

Keyboard Troubleshooting and Repair 227<br />

Keyboard Connector Voltage and Signal Specifications 229<br />

Keyboard Error Codes 229<br />

Mice and Pointing Devices 230<br />

Mouse Motion Detection Methods 230<br />

Pointing Device Interface Types 230<br />

Wireless Mouse Types 231<br />

Software Drivers for the Mouse 231<br />

Alternative Pointing Devices 232<br />

Mouse Troubleshooting 233<br />

10 Video and Audio 237<br />

Selecting a Monitor Size 237<br />

Monitor Resolution 238<br />

CRTs Versus LCDs 238<br />

Common Monitor Resolutions 238<br />

LCD Versus CRT Display Size 239<br />

Monitor Power Management Modes 239<br />

VGA Video Connector Pinouts 241<br />

VGA DB-15 Analog Connector Pinout 241<br />

Digital Flat Panel Pinouts 242<br />

Digital Visual Interface Pinouts 243<br />

VGA Video Display Modes 244<br />

Video RAM 246<br />

Memory, Resolution, and Color Depth 247<br />

Determining the Amount of RAM on Your Display Card 249<br />

Local-Bus Video Standards 249<br />

RAMDAC 251<br />

Refresh Rates 252<br />

Adjusting the Refresh Rate of the Video Card 252<br />

Comparing Video Cards with the Same Chipset 253<br />

Setting Up Multiple Monitor Support in Windows<br />

98/Me/2000 253<br />

System Configuration Issues for Multiple-Monitor<br />

Support 256<br />

Video Card and Chipset Makers Model Reference 256<br />

3-D Chipsets 256<br />

Multimedia Devices 256<br />

Troubleshooting Video Capture Devices 257<br />

Testing a Monitor with Common Applications 258<br />

Audio I/O Connectors 260<br />

Connectors for Advanced Features 262

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