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upgrading and repairing PCs technicians ... - 400 Bad Request upgrading and repairing PCs technicians ... - 400 Bad Request
252 Chapter 10—Video and Audio Refresh Rates The speed of the RAMDAC affects the vertical refresh rate. The refresh rate (also called the vertical scan frequency) is the rate at which the screen display is rewritten. This is measured in hertz (Hz). A refresh rate of 72Hz means that the screen is refreshed 72 times per second. A refresh rate that is too low causes the screen to flicker, contributing to eyestrain. A flicker-free refresh rate is a refresh rate high enough to prevent you from seeing any flicker; eliminating flicker reduces eyestrain. The flicker-free refresh rate varies with the resolution of your monitor setting (higher resolutions require a higher refresh rate) and must be matched by both your monitor and your display card. Low-cost monitors often have refresh rates that are too low to achieve flicker-free performance for most users, and thus can lead to eyestrain. Table 10.20 compares two typical 17-inch CRT monitors and a typical mid-range graphics card. Although the Matrox Millennium G200 video card supports higher refresh rates than either monitor, rates higher than the monitor can support cannot be used safely because rates in excess of the monitor’s maximum refresh rate can damage the monitor. Table 10.20 Refresh Rates Comparison LG 760SC (17”) LG 790SC (17”) G200 Video Card Monitor Vertical Monitor Vertical Resolution Vertical Refresh Refresh (Maximum) Refresh (Maximum) 1024×768 60–140 87Hz1 124Hz1 1,280×1024 60–100Hz 1 65Hz 93Hz 1 1,600×1200 52–85Hz 1 Not supported 80Hz 1 1. Rates above 72Hz will be flicker free for many users; the VESA standard for flicker-free refresh is 85Hz or above. For a user who wants to run at resolutions above 1,024×768, the monitor with the higher refresh rate is preferable. Adjusting the Refresh Rate of the Video Card The refresh rate of the video card can be adjusted in several ways: • With older cards, a command-line program or separate Windows program was often provided. • With recent and new cards, the standard display properties sheet offers a selection of refresh rates. In any case, you need to know the allowable refresh rates for the monitor before you can make an appropriate selection. If your
Setting Up Multiple Monitor Support in Windows 98/Me/2000 253 Windows installation uses an unknown, Default Monitor, or Super VGA display type, rather than a particular brand and model of monitor, you will be prevented from selecting the higher, flickerfree refresh rates. Install the correct driver for your monitor model to get the highest refresh rates. Comparing Video Cards with the Same Chipset Many manufacturers create a line of video cards with the same chipset to sell at different pricing points. Why not save some dollars and get the cheapest model? Why not say “price is no object” and get the most expensive one? When you’re faced with various cards in the chipsetX family, look for differences such as those shown in Table 10.21. Table 10.21 Comparing Video Cards with the Features You Need Feature Effect on You RAMDAC speed Less-expensive cards in a family often use a slower RAMDAC. Buy the card with the fastest RAMDAC, especially for use with 17-inch or larger monitors. Faster RAMDACs are often paired with SGRAM or DDR SRAM, which are the fastest types of RAM currently found on video cards. Amount of RAM Although AGP video cards can use AGP memory (a section of main memory borrowed for texturing), performing as much work as possible on the card’s own memory is still faster. PCI cards must perform all functions within their own memory. Less-expensive cards in a chipset family often have lower amounts of memory onboard, and most current model cards aren’t expandable. Buy a card with enough memory (8MB–16MB or more) for your games or applications—today and tomorrow. Memory type High-end video cards frequently use the new SGRAM (Synchronous Graphics RAM) or DDR SRAM (Double-Data-Rate Synchronous DRAM), with regular SDRAM as a popular choice for mid-range video cards. Choose DDR SRAM, SGRAM, and then SDRAM, in order of preference when possible. Memory and core Many suppliers adjust the recommended speed of graphics controllers in an effort to provide users with maximum performance. If you have questions about the rated speed of a controller, check the chip supplier’s Web site. Many reputable companies do use overclocked parts, but the best vendors supply large heat sinks or even powered fans to avoid overheating. TV tuner You can save some money by having it built in, but it’s not as important as the other issues listed earlier. Setting Up Multiple Monitor Support in Windows 98/Me/2000 Windows 98 was the first version of Windows to include a video display feature that Macintosh systems have had for years: the capability to use multiple monitors on one system. Windows 98
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252<br />
Chapter 10—Video <strong>and</strong> Audio<br />
Refresh Rates<br />
The speed of the RAMDAC affects the vertical refresh rate. The<br />
refresh rate (also called the vertical scan frequency) is the rate at<br />
which the screen display is rewritten. This is measured in hertz<br />
(Hz). A refresh rate of 72Hz means that the screen is refreshed 72<br />
times per second. A refresh rate that is too low causes the screen to<br />
flicker, contributing to eyestrain. A flicker-free refresh rate is a refresh<br />
rate high enough to prevent you from seeing any flicker; eliminating<br />
flicker reduces eyestrain. The flicker-free refresh rate varies with<br />
the resolution of your monitor setting (higher resolutions require a<br />
higher refresh rate) <strong>and</strong> must be matched by both your monitor<br />
<strong>and</strong> your display card.<br />
Low-cost monitors often have refresh rates that are too low to<br />
achieve flicker-free performance for most users, <strong>and</strong> thus can lead<br />
to eyestrain.<br />
Table 10.20 compares two typical 17-inch CRT monitors <strong>and</strong> a typical<br />
mid-range graphics card.<br />
Although the Matrox Millennium G200 video card supports higher<br />
refresh rates than either monitor, rates higher than the monitor<br />
can support cannot be used safely because rates in excess of the<br />
monitor’s maximum refresh rate can damage the monitor.<br />
Table 10.20 Refresh Rates Comparison<br />
LG 760SC (17”) LG 790SC (17”)<br />
G200 Video Card Monitor Vertical Monitor Vertical<br />
Resolution Vertical Refresh Refresh (Maximum) Refresh (Maximum)<br />
1024×768 60–140 87Hz1 124Hz1 1,280×1024 60–100Hz 1 65Hz 93Hz 1<br />
1,600×1200 52–85Hz 1 Not supported 80Hz 1<br />
1. Rates above 72Hz will be flicker free for many users; the VESA st<strong>and</strong>ard for flicker-free refresh<br />
is 85Hz or above.<br />
For a user who wants to run at resolutions above 1,024×768, the<br />
monitor with the higher refresh rate is preferable.<br />
Adjusting the Refresh Rate of the Video Card<br />
The refresh rate of the video card can be adjusted in several ways:<br />
• With older cards, a comm<strong>and</strong>-line program or separate<br />
Windows program was often provided.<br />
• With recent <strong>and</strong> new cards, the st<strong>and</strong>ard display properties<br />
sheet offers a selection of refresh rates.<br />
In any case, you need to know the allowable refresh rates for the<br />
monitor before you can make an appropriate selection. If your
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