CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 13
764 Chapter 13 Optical Storage In a war that brings back unhappy memories of the VHS/Beta struggle of the 1980s, even with the DVD Forum attempting to create unified standards, the computer and movie industries are locked in a struggle to see which enhancements to the basic DVD standard will win out. Table 13.26 compares the competing recordable DVD standards, and Table 13.27 breaks down the compatibilities between the drives and media. Table 13.26 Recordable DVD Standards Format Type Capacity Compatibility DVD-R Recordable Up to 4.7GB/side Most existing DVD drives can read DVD-RAM Rewritable Up to 4.7GB/side Incompatible with existing DVD drives unless they support the MultiRead2 standard DVD-RW Rewritable 4.7GB/side Most existing DVD drives can read DVD+RW Rewritable 4.7GB/side The most compatible for video and data recording Table 13.27 DVD Drive and Media Compatibility Drives CD- CD- DVD- Media (Discs) DVD- DVD- DVD- ROM CD-R RW Video ROM DVD-R RAM RW DVD+RW DVD-Video Player R ? ? R — R ? R R DVD-ROM Drive R R R R R R ? R R DVD-R Drive R R/W R/W R R R/W — R DVD-RAM Drive R R R R R R R/W R R DVD-RW Drive R R/W R/W R R R/W — R/W R DVD+RW Drive R R/W R/W R R R R R R/W R = Read — = Will not read or write W = Write ? = MultiRead/MultiPlay drives will read DVD-R and DVD-RAM have been available the longest, but DVD-R is not rewritable, and DVD-RAM is not fully compatible with existing DVD-ROM drives. DVD+RW looks to be the standard that will win out in the industry among all of these because it is among the least expensive, easiest to use, and the most compatible with existing formats. DVD-RAM DVD-RAM is the rewritable DVD standard endorsed by Panasonic, Hitachi, and Toshiba. DVD-RAM uses a phase-change technology similar to that of CD-RW. Unfortunately, DVD-RAM discs can’t be read by most standard DVD-ROM drives because of differences in both reflectivity of the media and the data format. (DVD-R, by comparison, is backward compatible with DVD-ROM.) DVD-ROM drives that can read DVD-RAM discs began to come on the market in early 1999 and follow the MultiRead2
Recordable DVD Standards Chapter 13 765 specification. DVD-ROM drives and DVD-Video players labeled as MultiRead2 compliant are capable of reading DVD-RAM discs. See the section “MultiRead Specifications,” earlier in this chapter, for more information. The first DVD-RAM drives were introduced in Spring 1998 and had a capacity of 2.6GB (single-sided) or 5.2GB (double-sided). DVD-RAM Version 2 discs with 4.7GB arrived in late 1999, and double-sided 9.4GB discs arrived in 2000. DVD-RAM drives typically read DVD-Video, DVD-ROM, and CD media. The current installed base of DVD-ROM drives and DVD-Video players can’t read DVD-RAM media. DVD-RAM uses what is called the wobbled land and groove recording method, which records signals on both the lands (the areas between grooves) and inside the grooves that are preformed on the disc. The tracks wobble, which provides clock data for the drive. Special sector header pits are prepressed into the disc during the manufacturing process as well. See Figure 13.14, which shows the wobbled tracks (lands and grooves) with data recorded both on the lands and in the grooves. This is unlike CD-R or CD-RW, in which data is recorded on the groove only. Groove spacing 1.48 microns (0.74x2) User data field Address information (Header) Land Recording mark Groove Figure 13.14 DVD-RAM wobbled land and groove recording. Track wobbling The disc is recorded using phase-change recording, in which data is written by selectively heating spots in the grooves or on the lands with a high-powered laser. The DVD-RAM drive write laser transforms the film from a crystalline to an amorphous state by heating a spot, which is then rendered less reflective than the remaining crystalline portions. The signal is read as the difference of the laser reflection rate between the crystalline and amorphous states. The modulation and error correction codes are the same as for DVD-Video and DVD-ROM, ensuring compatibility with other DVD formats. For rewriting, a lower-powered laser reheats the spot to a lower temperature, where it recrystallizes. Disc cartridges or caddies originally were required for both single- and double-sided discs but have now been made optional for single-sided discs. Double-sided discs must remain inside the caddy at all times for protection; however, single-sided discs can be taken out of the cartridge if necessary. Pit
- Page 27 and 28: Compact Disc and Drive Formats Chap
- Page 29 and 30: Table 13.16 CD File System Formats
- Page 31 and 32: Figure 13.6 A diagram of basic ISO
- Page 33 and 34: DVD Chapter 13 719 video or more. T
- Page 35 and 36: DVD Chapter 13 721 The DVD disc’s
- Page 37 and 38: Table 13.17 Continued Media bit cel
- Page 39 and 40: DVD Chapter 13 725 Unlike CDs, DVDs
- Page 41 and 42: Figure 13.9 DVD disk types and cons
- Page 43 and 44: Table 13.19 Continued MPEG-2 video
- Page 45 and 46: DVD Chapter 13 731 2.7x CD drive. M
- Page 47 and 48: Table 13.21 Continued Data Video Fo
- Page 49 and 50: DVD Chapter 13 735 Regional Playbac
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- Page 65 and 66: Writable CDs Chapter 13 751 small-d
- Page 67 and 68: Figure 13.12 CD-RW media layers. Wr
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764 Chapter <strong>13</strong> Optical Storage<br />
In a war that brings back unhappy memories of the VHS/Beta struggle of the 1980s, even with the<br />
DVD Forum attempting to create unified standards, the computer and movie industries are locked in<br />
a struggle to see which enhancements to the basic DVD standard will win out. Table <strong>13</strong>.26 compares<br />
the competing recordable DVD standards, and Table <strong>13</strong>.27 breaks down the compatibilities between<br />
the drives and media.<br />
Table <strong>13</strong>.26 Recordable DVD Standards<br />
Format Type Capacity Compatibility<br />
DVD-R Recordable Up to 4.7GB/side Most existing DVD drives can read<br />
DVD-RAM Rewritable Up to 4.7GB/side Incompatible with existing DVD drives unless they<br />
support the MultiRead2 standard<br />
DVD-RW Rewritable 4.7GB/side Most existing DVD drives can read<br />
DVD+RW Rewritable 4.7GB/side The most compatible for video and data recording<br />
Table <strong>13</strong>.27 DVD Drive and Media Compatibility<br />
Drives CD- CD- DVD-<br />
Media (Discs)<br />
DVD- DVD- DVD-<br />
ROM CD-R RW Video ROM DVD-R RAM RW DVD+RW<br />
DVD-Video<br />
Player<br />
R ? ? R — R ? R R<br />
DVD-ROM<br />
Drive<br />
R R R R R R ? R R<br />
DVD-R<br />
Drive<br />
R R/W R/W R R R/W — R<br />
DVD-RAM<br />
Drive<br />
R R R R R R R/W R R<br />
DVD-RW<br />
Drive<br />
R R/W R/W R R R/W — R/W R<br />
DVD+RW<br />
Drive<br />
R R/W R/W R R R R R R/W<br />
R = Read — = Will not read or write<br />
W = Write ? = MultiRead/MultiPlay drives will read<br />
DVD-R and DVD-RAM have been available the longest, but DVD-R is not rewritable, and DVD-RAM is<br />
not fully compatible with existing DVD-ROM drives. DVD+RW looks to be the standard that will win<br />
out in the industry among all of these because it is among the least expensive, easiest to use, and the<br />
most compatible with existing formats.<br />
DVD-RAM<br />
DVD-RAM is the rewritable DVD standard endorsed by Panasonic, Hitachi, and Toshiba. DVD-RAM<br />
uses a phase-change technology similar to that of CD-RW. Unfortunately, DVD-RAM discs can’t be<br />
read by most standard DVD-ROM drives because of differences in both reflectivity of the media and<br />
the data format. (DVD-R, by comparison, is backward compatible with DVD-ROM.) DVD-ROM drives<br />
that can read DVD-RAM discs began to come on the market in early 1999 and follow the MultiRead2
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