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Improving Transboundary Air Quality with
Binational Emission Reduction Credit Trading
ENDNOTES
1 The status of Nogales, Sonora, was determined by the authors
using data obtained at the U.S.-Mexico Border Information Center
on Air Pollution (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/cica).
2 Several detailed summaries of the U.S. CAAA are available (see, for
example, EPA 1993).
3 EPA is also required to consider the effect of air pollution on the
public welfare by limiting the effect of air pollution on visibility
and by limiting damage to agriculture and private property.
4 The La Paz Agreement is formally referred to as the Agreement
Between the United States of America and the United States of
Mexico on Cooperation for the Protection and Improvement of the
Environment in the Border Area.
5 A full discussion of Border 2012 is beyond the scope of this monograph.
Excerpts from the Border 2012 Program are included in the
appendix to this chapter. Included are the mission statement, guiding
principles, and a summary of the goals and objectives. The full
Border 2012 document is available at http://www.epa.gov/usmexicoborder/.
6 The vague wording of the goal is made more obvious when compared
to the other objectives of Border 2012. Take, for example, the
objectives for water quality, which set specific numeric objectives
(see Appendix, Goal #1).
7 Nonattainment areas are determined by the extent of the pollution
being considered and do not correspond to county borders. Thus, a
nonattainment area may be an entire state (i.e., Connecticut for
ozone and PM 10 ), several counties located in different states (i.e.,
New York City-North New Jersey-Long Island for ozone, carbon
monoxide, and PM 10 ), or several nonattainment areas could be
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