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Introduction would require an initial capital allocation of $3 million. This cost was based on the use of water or steam injection, flue gas recirculation, and boiler tuning. Due to the significant cost of reducing NO x emissions at Newman Station, and taking into consideration that the three grandfathered units are scheduled for retirement within the next 15 years, EPE determined that it was more cost-effective to obtain additional allowances rather than install on-site abatement technology. A Texas law (30 TAC § 101.337) allows EGFs in El Paso to meet emissions allowances by using credits generated in Ciudad Juárez. 2 Located in Ciudad Juárez are approximately 350 primitive kilns used to manufacture bricks (Figure 2). These kilns are open-top structures in which so-called green bricks are stacked. A fire is maintained at the base of the kiln by burning wood, sawdust, tires, refuse, or other fuel. The kilns emit large clouds of soot, carbon monoxide (CO), NO x , and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Figure 3). Source: El Paso Electric Company Figure 2. A Brick Kiln 17
Improving Transboundary Air Quality with Binational Emission Reduction Credit Trading Figure 3. Emissions from a Brick Kiln Source: El Paso Electric Company The Marquez kiln is an alternative technology, developed by Roberto Marquez of New Mexico State University with funding from the Southwest Consortium for Environmental Research and Policy (SCERP), which substantially reduces emissions. The Marquez kiln consists of two identical kilns built adjacent to each other and connected by an underground tunnel. One kiln is fired and its effluent is vented through the connecting tunnel into the second kiln, which has been filled with green bricks. The clays in the green bricks serve as a filter, substantially reducing emissions. Moreover, the waste heat helps cure the second kiln’s bricks. The Marquez kiln is cleaner, more efficient, less costly to operate, and construction involves materials and techniques already used in the construction of primitive kilns. 18
Page 1 and 2: THE SCERP MISSION The Southwest Con
Page 3 and 4: Authors SCERP Monograph Series, no.
Page 5 and 6: Published by San Diego State Univer
Page 8: Contents Foreword v Prefacio ix Pre
Page 11 and 12: Improving Transboundary Air Quality
Page 14 and 15: Prefacio “Si vale la pena tener u
Page 16: Prefacio pudiera ser difícil, cost
Page 22 and 23: I Introduction THE VIEW FROM EL PAS
Page 24 and 25: Introduction Resource Conservation
Page 26 and 27: Introduction approaches to correcti
Page 28 and 29: Introduction into the environment.
Page 30 and 31: Introduction maquiladoras, to hire
Page 32 and 33: Introduction (PM 10 and PM 2.5 )—
Page 34 and 35: Introduction installing scrubbers,
Page 36 and 37: Introduction The existence of emiss
Page 40 and 41: Introduction EPE generated emission
Page 42 and 43: OVERVIEW Introduction This volume i
Page 44 and 45: II A Snapshot of the Border THE MEA
Page 46 and 47: A Snapshot of the Border states—B
Page 48 and 49: A Snapshot of the Border Table 1. U
Page 50 and 51: A Snapshot of the Border Interestin
Page 52 and 53: Table 3. Percentage Change in Borde
Page 54 and 55: A Snapshot of the Border Another so
Page 56 and 57: A Snapshot of the Border plants tha
Page 58 and 59: A Snapshot of the Border Air Qualit
Page 60 and 61: A Snapshot of the Border quality. T
Page 62 and 63: A Snapshot of the Border million in
Page 64: A Snapshot of the Border THE ENVIRO
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Improving Transboundary Air Quality
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Appendix A Excerpts from the Border
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Environmental Regulation and the Bo
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Environmental Regulation and the Bo
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Nearly 90% think Mexican environmen
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Appendix B Survey Instrument Encues
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Manquiladora Attitudes 13) ¿Tu com
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Manquiladora Attitudes 22)¿Habías
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V Designing a Transborder Trading S
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Designing a Transborder Trading Sch
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abatement activities, 4, 6-7, 16, 1
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automobile and truck, 47 banking, 2
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nitrogen oxide (NO x), 9-10, 16-18,
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