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Manquiladora Attitudes METHODOLOGY USED IN THE SURVEY The survey was conducted in the summer of 2002 and consisted of 27 questions—21 objective questions and six subjective, open-ended questions. The questions were designed to elicit information about respondents’ knowledge of emissions trading, willingness to participate in emissions trading programs, as well as information about the institutional framework in which emissions trading will take place, such as the prevalence of environmental committees. It is unusual to include so many open-ended questions in a questionnaire of this type; however, it was thought that open-ended questions were necessary to elicit the information desired. A total of 200 maquilas were surveyed. Ciudad Juárez, having the most maquilas among the three Mexican border cities surveyed, was allocated a sample size of 80 maquilas. Reynosa and Matamoros were each allocated a sample of 60 maquilas. Local contacts from each city were used to administer the survey, including Lic. Patricia Vázquez Zarate of the Instituto Tecnológico de Matamoros, Ing. Esperanza Rosales Gutiérrez of the Instituto Tecnológico de Reynosa, and Ing. Cesar Nuñez of the Departamento de Ecologia del Estado (Chihuahua) in Ciudad Juárez. Each of these individuals consulted with at least one of the authors and supervised the students who conducted the survey. In Reynosa and Matamoros, surveys were sent to all maquiladoras. After a few weeks, students followed up by making calls to individual plants. This process was continued until all 60 surveys were collected. In Ciudad Juárez, all maquiladoras registered with the state’s environmental agency were contacted. The same procedure of follow-up calls was performed until the 80 surveys were collected. The individual students were handed a random list of maquiladoras to contact, thus attempting to eliminate any bias in terms of which were contacted by phone. The instrument itself was written in Spanish. A copy of the instrument is included as an appendix to this chapter. 79
Improving Transboundary Air Quality with Binational Emission Reduction Credit Trading RESPONSES TO INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONS ON THE SURVEY This section presents several tables that review various aspects of the survey according to the distribution of the responses. Basic characteristics of the respondents and the firms are presented in Table 1. Ciudad Juárez accounted for 40% of the responses and Reynosa and Matamoros for 30% each. Environmental manager was the most common position of the individuals who responded to the survey. Human resources was the second most common occupation indicated, followed by engineer and manager. The majority of these individuals have been with the firm 10 years or less. The sample included firms of all sizes ranging from less than 250 employees to more than 1,500. These firms are relatively lean with few managers; most firms report that 85% of workers are directly involved in production. Most of the maquilas in the survey sell their output primarily to U.S. customers. Table 1. Basic Information on Respondents and Firms Question Cities where survey was conducted Missing Observations None Respondent 27 Tenure with the firm None 80 Results (%) Ciudad Juárez 40.00 Reynosa 30.00 Matamoros 30.00 Manager 8.09 Environmental Manager 39.88 Engineer 13.87 Other1 38.15 Human Resources 23.07 Less than 5 years 31.50 6 to 10 years 28.00 11 to 15 years 23.50 16 years or more 17.00
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THE SCERP MISSION The Southwest Con
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Authors SCERP Monograph Series, no.
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Published by San Diego State Univer
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Contents Foreword v Prefacio ix Pre
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Improving Transboundary Air Quality
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Prefacio “Si vale la pena tener u
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Prefacio pudiera ser difícil, cost
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I Introduction THE VIEW FROM EL PAS
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Introduction Resource Conservation
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Introduction approaches to correcti
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Introduction into the environment.
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Introduction maquiladoras, to hire
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Introduction (PM 10 and PM 2.5 )—
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Introduction installing scrubbers,
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Introduction The existence of emiss
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Introduction would require an initi
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Introduction EPE generated emission
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OVERVIEW Introduction This volume i
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II A Snapshot of the Border THE MEA
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A Snapshot of the Border states—B
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A Snapshot of the Border Table 1. U
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abatement activities, 4, 6-7, 16, 1
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