2008 edition - Fort Sam Houston - U.S. Army

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App. 21, R.C.M. 202(b) APPENDIX 21 Courts-Martial governs courts-martial for offenses under the law of war as well as under the code. See e.g., R.C.M. 301(b); 302(c); 304(c); 305(d). In such contexts, the phrase does not include a requirement for a jurisdictional determination. (c) Attachment of jurisdiction over the person. This subsection is based on paragraph 11d of MCM, 1969 (Rev.), and states the basic principle that once the jurisdiction of a court-martial attaches, it continues until the process of trial, appeal, and punishment is complete. See generally United States v. Douse, 12 M.J. 473 (C.M.A. 1982); United States v. Sippel, 4 U.S.C.M.A. 50, 15 C.M.R. 50 (1954). The discussion clarifies the distinction between the existence of personal jurisdiction and the attachment of jurisdiction.Compare United States v. Douse, supra at 479 (Everett, C.J., concurring in the result); United States v. Wheeley, 6 M.J. 220 (C.M.A. 1979); United States v. Hutchins, 4 M.J. 190 (C.M.A. 1978); and United States v. Hout, supra (opinion of Quinn, C.J.) with United States v. Douse, supra (opinion of Cook, J.); United States v. Smith, 4 M.J. 265 (C.M.A. 1978); United States v. Hout, supra at 302; 41 C.M.R. 299, 302 (1970) (Darden, J., concurring in the result); and United States v. Rubenstein, 7 U.S.C.M.A. 523, 22 C.M.R. 313 (1957). See also W. Winthrop, supra at 90–91. Subsection (2) includes examples of means by which jurisdiction may attach. They are taken from paragraph 11 d of MCM, 1969 (Rev.) although “filing of charges” has been clarified to mean preferral of charges. See United States v. Hout, supra. This list is not exhaustive. See United States v. Self, 13 M.J. 132 (C.M.A. 1982); United States v. Douse, supra; United States v. Smith, supra. See also United States v. Fitzpatrick, 14 M.J. 394 (C.M.A. 1983); United States v. Handy, 14 M.J. 202 (C.M.A. 1 9 8 2 ) ; U n i t e d S t a t e s v . W h e e l e y , s u p r a ; U n i t e d S t a t e s v . Rubenstein, supra; United States v. Mansbarger, 20 C.M.R. 449 (A.B.R. 1955). Rule 203 Jurisdiction over the offense This rule is intended to provide for the maximum possible court-martial jurisdiction over offenses. Since the constitutional limits of subject-matter jurisdiction are matters of judicial interpretation, specific rules are of limited value and may unnecessarily restrict jurisdiction more than is constitutionally required. Specific standards derived from current case law are treated in the discussion. The discussion begins with a brief description of the rule under O’Callahan v. Parker, 395 U.S. 258 (1969). It also describes the requirements established in United States v. Alef, 3 M.J. 414 (C.M.A. 1977) to plead and prove jurisdiction. See also R.C.M. 907(b)(1)(A). The last three sentences in subsection (b) of the discussion are based onUnited States v. Lockwood, 15 M.J. 1 ( C . M . A . 1 9 8 3 ) . T h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e d i s c u s s i o n r e f l e c t s t h e Working Group’s analysis of the application of service-connection as currently construed in judicial decisions. It is not intended as endorsement or criticism of that construction. Subsection (c) of the discussion lists theRelford factors, which are starting points in service-connection analysis, although the n i n e a d d i t i o n a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s i n R e l f o r d a r e a l s o s i g n i f i c a n t . These factors are not exhaustive. United States v. Lockwood, supra. See also United States v. Trottier, 9 M.J. 337 (C.M.A. 1980). Relford itself establishes the basis for (c)(2) and (c)(3) of the discussion. It has never been seriously contended that purely A21-12 military offenses are not service-connected per se. See Relford factor number 12. Decisions uniformly have held that offenses committed on a military installation are service-connected. See, e.g., United States v. Hedlund, supra; United States v. Daniels, 19 U.S.C.M.A. 529, 42 C.M.R. 131 (1970). See Relford factors 2, 3, 10, and 11. As to the third sentence in (c)(3), see United States v. Seivers, 8 M.J. 63 (C.M.A. 1979); United States v. Escobar, 7 M.J. 197 (C.M.A. 1979); United States v. Crapo, 18 U.S.C.M.A. 594, 40 C.M.R. 306 (1969); Harkcom v. Parker, 439 F.2d 265 (3d Cir. 1971). With respect to the fourth sentence of (c)(3), see United States v. Hedlund, supra; United States v. Riehle, 18 U.S.C.M.A. 603, 40 C.M.R. 315 (1969). But cf. United States v. Lockwood, supra. Although much of the reasoning in United States v. McCarthy, 2 M.J. 26 (C.M.A. 1976) has been repudiated by United States v. Trottier, supra, the holding of McCarthy still appears to support the penultimate sentence in (c)(3). See also United States v. Lockwood, supra; United States v. Gladue, 4 M.J. 1 (C.M.A. 1977). The last sentence is based on United States v. Lockwood, supra. The discussion of drug offenses in (c)(4) is taken from United States v. Trottier, supra. As to (c)(5), the first sentence is based on United States v. Lockwood, supra. Whether the military status of the victim or the accused’s use of military identification card can independently support service-connection is not established by the holding in Lockwood. The second sentence is based on United States v. Whatley, 5 M.J. 39 (C.M.A. 1978); United States v. Moore, 1 M.J. 448 (C.M.A. 1976). The last sentence is based on United States v. Conn, supra; United States v. Borys, 18 U.S.C.M.A. 547, 40 C.M.R. 259 (1969) (officer status of accused does not establish service-connection under Article 134) (note: serviceconnection of Article 133 offenses has not been judicially determined); United States v. Saulter, 5 M.J. 281 (C.M.A. 1978); United States v. Conn, supra (fact that accused was military policeman did not establish service-connection); United States v. Armes, 19 U.S.C.M.A. 15, 41 C.M.R. 15 (1969) (wearing uniform during commission of offense does not establish service-connection). Subsection (c)(6) of the discussion indicates that virtually all offenses by servicemembers in time of declared war are serviceconnected. There is little case authority on this point. The issue was apparently not addressed during the conflict in Vietnam; of course, the overseas exception provided jurisdiction over offenses committed in the theater of hostilities. The emphasis in O’Callahan on the fact that the offenses occurred in peacetime (see Relford factor number 5) strongly suggests a different balance in time of war. Furthermore, in Warner v. Flemings, a companion case decided with Gosa v. Mayden, 413 U.S. 665 (1973), Justices Douglas and Stewart concurred in the result in upholding Flemings’ court-martial conviction for stealing an automobile while off post and absent without authority in 1944, on grounds that such an offense, during a congressionally declared war, is serviceconnected. The other Justices did not reach this question. Assigning Relford factor number 5 such extensive, indeed controlling, weight during time of declared war is appropriate in view of the need for broad and clear jurisdictional lines in such a period. Subsection (d) of the discussion lists recognized exceptions to the service-connection requirement. The overseas exception was first recognized in United States v. Weinstein, 19 U.S.C.M.A. 29,

4 1 C . M . R . 2 9 ( 1 9 6 9 ) . S e e a l s o U n i t e d S t a t e s v . K e a t o n , 1 9 U.S.C.M.A. 64, 41 C.M.R. 64 (1969). The overseas exception flows from O’Callahan’s basic premise: that the service-connection requirement is necessary to protect the constitutional right of service members to indictment by grand jury and trial by jury. While this premise might not be evident from a reading of O’Callahan alone, the Supreme Court subsequently confirmed that this was the basis of the O’Callahan rule. See Gosa v. Mayden, supra at 677. Since normally no civilian court in which the accused would have those rights is available in the foreign setting, the service-connection limitation does not apply, The situs of the offense, not the trial, determines whether the exception may apply. United States v. Newvine, 23 U.S.C.M.A. 208, 48 C.M.R. 960 (1974); United States v. Bowers, 47 C.M.R. 516 (A.C.M.R. 1973). The last sentence in the discussion of the overseas exception is based on United States v. Black, 1 M.J. 340 ( C . M . A . 1 9 7 6 ) . S e e a l s o U n i t e d S t a t e s v . G l a d u e , 4 M . J . 1(C.M.A. 1977); United States v. Lazzaro, 2 M.J. 76 (C.M.A. 1976). Some federal courts have suggested that the existence of c o u r t - m a r t i a l j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r a n o v e r s e a s o f f e n s e d o e s n o t depend solely on the fact that the offense is not cognizable in the United States civilian courts. See Hemphill v. Moseley, 443 F.2d 322 (10th Cir. 1971). See also United States v. King, 6 M.J. 553 (A.C.M.R. 1978), pet. denied, 6 M.J. 290 (1979). Several Federal courts which have addressed this issue have also held that the foreign situs of a trial is sufficient to support court-martial jurisdiction, although the rationale for this result has not been uniform. See e.g., Williams v. Froehlke, 490 F.2d 998 (2d Cir. 1974); Wimberly v. Laird, 472 F.2d 923 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 413 U.S. 921 (1973); Gallagher v. United States, 423 F.2d 1371 (Ct. Cl.), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 849 (1970); Bell v. Clark, 308 F.Supp. 384(E.D. Va. 1970), aff’d, 437 F.2d 200 (4th Cir. 1971). As several of these decisions recognize, the foreign situs of an offense is a factor weighing heavily in favor of service-connection even without an exception for overseas offenses. See Relford factors 4 and 8. The logistical difficulties, the disruptive effect on military activities, the delays in disposing of offenses, and the need for an armed force in a foreign country to control its own members all militate toward service-connection for offenses committed abroad. Another consideration, often cited by the courts, is the likelihood that if the service-connection rule were applied overseas as it is in the United States, the practical effect would be far more frequent exercise of jurisdiction by host nations, thus depriving the individual of constitutional protections the rule is designed to protect. The petty offenses exception rests on a similar doctrinal foundation as the overseas exception. Because there is no constitutional right to indictment by grand jury or trial by jury for petty offenses (see Baldwin v. New York, 399 U.S. 66 (1970);Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968); Duke v. United States, 301 U.S. 492 (1937)); the service-connection requirement does not apply to them. United States v. Sharkey, 19 U.S.C.M.A. 26, 41 C.M.R. 26 (1969). Under Baldwin v. New York, supra, a petty offense is one in which the maximum sentence is six months confinement or less. Any time a punitive discharge is included in the maximum punishment, the offense is not petty. See United States v. Smith, 9 M.J. 359, 360 n. 1 (C.M.A. 1980); United States v. Brown, 13 U.S.C.M.A. 333, 32 C.M.R. 333 (1962). Sharkey relied on the maximum punishment under the table of ANALYSIS App. 21, R.C.M. 302(a) maximum punishments in determining whether an offense is petty. It is the view of the Working Group that offenses tried by summary courts-martial and special courts-martial at which no punitive discharge may be adjudged are “petty offenses” for purposes of O’Callahan, in view of the jurisdictional limitations of such courts. Whether the jurisdictional limits of a summary of such special court-martial makes an offense referred to such a court-martial petty has not been judicially determined. 1995 Amendment : The discussion was amended in light of Solorio v. United States, 483 U.S. 435 (1987). O’Callahan v. Parker, 395 U.S. 258 (1969), held that an offense under the code could not be tried by court-martial unless the offense was “service connected.” Solorio overruled O’Callahan. Rule 204 Jurisdiction over certain reserve component personnel 1987 Amendment: R.C.M. 204 and its discussion were added to implement the amendments to Articles 2 and 3, UCMJ, contained in the “Military Justice Amendments of 1986,” tit. VIII, § 804, National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 1987, Pub. L. No. 99-661, 100 Stat. 3905 (1986). Use of the term “member of a reserve component” in Article 3(d) means membership in the reserve component at the time disciplinary action is initiated. The l i m i t a t i o n i n s u b s e c t i o n ( b ) ( 1 ) r e s t r i c t i n g g e n e r a l a n d s p e c i a l courts-martial to periods of active duty is based upon the practical problems associated with conducting a court-martial only during periods of scheduled inactive-duty training, and ensures that the exercise of court-martial jurisdiction is consistent with the policies set forth in Article 2(d). The last sentence of subsection (d) r e f l e c t s l e g i s l a t i v e i n t e n t “ n o t t o d i s t u r b t h e j u r i s p r u d e n c e o f United States ex rel. Hirshberg v. Cooke, 336 U.S. 210 (1949)” (H.R. Rep. No. 718, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. at 227 (1986)). CHAPTER III. INITIATION OF CHARGES; APPREHENSION;PRETRIAL RESTRAINT; RELATED MATTERS Rule 301 Report of offense The primary sources of this rule are paragraphs 29 a and 31 of MCM, 1969 (Rev.). Those provisions were adopted in substance except that subsection (b) provides that reports be conveyed to the “immediate commander” of suspects, meaning the “commander exercising immediate jurisdiction. . . under Article 15.” The language was changed because the previous language was cumbersome and legalistic. There is no corresponding provision in the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. the most closely analogous provision of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure is Rule 3 (complaints). However, “[w]ith respect to the complaint, in general, it should be noted that its principle purpose is to serve as the basis for an arrest warrant.” J. Moore, Moore’s Federal Practice, Rules Pamphlet (part 3) 10 (1982). That purpose is not the same as the purpose of R.C.M. 301. R.C.M. 301 is simply to assure t h a t o r d i n a r i l y i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o o f f e n s e s i s c o n v e y e d promptly to the suspect’s immediate commander. Rule 302 Apprehension (a) Definition and scope. The definition of “apprehension” in A21-13

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Page 25 and 26: MCM 2008 Rule 321. Eyewitness ident

Page 27 and 28: MCM 2008 Rule 509. Deliberations of

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Page 31 and 32: MCM 2008 c. Explanation. . . . . .

Page 33 and 34: MCM 2008 a. Text of statute. . . .


Page 37 and 38: MCM 2008 f. Sample specification. .

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Page 45 and 46: MCM 2008 b. Elements. . . . . . . .

Page 47 and 48: MCM 2008 f. Sample specification. .

Page 49 and 50: MCM 2008 a. Notice. . . . . . . . .

Page 51 and 52: 1. Sources of military jurisdiction

Page 53 and 54: Rule 101. Scope, title (a) In gener

Page 55 and 56: they remain possessions, but does n

Page 57 and 58: eviewing authority with respect to

Page 59 and 60: Discussion Complaints need not be m

Page 61 and 62: Rule 201. Jurisdiction in general (

Page 63 and 64: t h i s p o l i c y d o e s n o t a

Page 65 and 66: with respect to offenders or offens

Page 67 and 68: p e r s o n s u n d e r t h e l a w

Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER III. INITIATION OF CHARGES;

Page 71 and 72: (B) Under exigent circumstances des

Page 73 and 74: straint, including its terms or lim

Page 75 and 76: 305(i)(1), or this subsection preve

Page 77 and 78: of evidence or of misconduct which,

Page 79 and 80: matter shall be forwarded to the ge

Page 81 and 82: essential to the offense, so they m

Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER IV. FORWARDING AND DISPOSIT

Page 85 and 86: the hour and date of receipt to be

Page 87 and 88: counsel. The investigating officer

Page 89 and 90: expenses to testify at a pretrial i

Page 91 and 92: in the Article 32 investigating off

Page 93 and 94: t h e m a t t e r ) t o a s u b o r

Page 95 and 96: court-martial without a military ju

Page 97 and 98: counsel. Responsibility for trial o

Page 99 and 100: efore assembly, request orally on t

Page 101 and 102: See also R.C.M. 401(c). Discussion

Page 103 and 104: is a member shall be reasonably ava

Page 105 and 106: vening authority may include proper

Page 107 and 108: withdrawn charges or specifications

Page 109 and 110: information which is under the cont

Page 111 and 112: gated the disadvantage caused by th

Page 113 and 114: forward it to the authority who ord

Page 115 and 116: shall grant a continuance or other

Page 117 and 118: attendance of civilian witnesses ma

Page 119 and 120: ney General of the United States or

Page 121 and 122: period of suspension of the sentenc

Page 123 and 124: Discussion Based on the report, fur

Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER VIII. TRIAL PROCEDURE GENER

Page 127 and 128: making the motion or raising the ob

Page 129 and 130: ight to be present. See also R.C.M.

Page 131 and 132: An assistant counsel who lacks the

Page 133 and 134: Rule 807. Oaths (a) Definition. “

Page 135 and 136: t h e m i l i t a r y j u d g e s h

Page 137 and 138: Rule 811. Stipulations (a) In gener

Page 139 and 140: CHAPTER IX. TRIAL PROCEDURES THROUG

Page 141 and 142: (1) “Proceeding” includes pretr

Page 143 and 144: Rule 905. Motions generally (a) Def

Page 145 and 146: determination and the grounds for i

Page 147 and 148: trial be tried separately. Such a r

Page 149 and 150: out trial of a deserter by a genera

Page 151 and 152: against them or to conduct or coope

Page 153 and 154: vening authority, or trial counsel,

Page 155 and 156: vening authority in the case, or ha

Page 157 and 158: cise a peremptory challenge before

Page 159 and 160: (5) Reopening case. The military ju

Page 161 and 162: good character, see Mil. R. Evid. 4

Page 163 and 164: Discussion The defense of accident

Page 165 and 166: (l) Not defenses generally. (1) Ign

Page 167 and 168: erly before the court-martial on th

Page 169 and 170: equested by a party or which the mi

Page 171 and 172: not for the purpose of rendering a

Page 173 and 174: “conviction” includes any dispo

Page 175 and 176: section (c)(3) of this rule, they m

Page 177 and 178: Discussion A fine is in the nature

Page 179 and 180: and desertion (see paragraph 9, Par

Page 181 and 182: ( 4 ) N e c e s s a r y f i n d i n

Page 183 and 184: cused knowingly created a grave ris

Page 185 and 186: (d) Voting. (1) Duty of members. Ea

Page 187 and 188: (B) With a view to decreasing. Memb

Page 189 and 190: eported in the convening authority

Page 191 and 192: u n l e s s t h e s e n t e n c e p

Page 193 and 194: o n d e f e n s e c o u n s e l i n

Page 195 and 196: Appeals. Before review, if any, by

Page 197 and 198: the court-martial or in writing, th

Page 199 and 200: the period in which comments may be

Page 201 and 202: Discussion The method of service an

Page 203 and 204: mental capacity of the accused, the

Page 205 and 206: e o r d e r e d i f , i n t h e s a

Page 207 and 208: was disapproved or set aside. The c

Page 209 and 210: ence of the probationer or to preve

Page 211 and 212: one year, shall follow that set for

Page 213 and 214: ted, a waiver or withdrawal in comp

Page 215 and 216: Discussion A dismissal may not be o

Page 217 and 218: digency, unless the authority consi

Page 219 and 220: CHAPTER XII. APPEALS AND REVIEW Rul

Page 221 and 222: to request that the detailed appell

Page 223 and 224: T h e a c c u s e d m a y p e t i t

Page 225 and 226: shall take action under subsection

Page 227 and 228: e submitted by the accused personal

Page 229 and 230: CHAPTER XIII. SUMMARY COURTS-MARTIA

Page 231 and 232: substantial irregularity in the cha

Page 233 and 234: Discussion See Appendix 15 for a sa

Page 235 and 236: Rule 101. Scope ( a ) A p p l i c a

Page 237 and 238: Rule 301. Privilege concerning comp

Page 239 and 240: evidence would have been obtained e

Page 241 and 242: agent of a military unit or of a pe

Page 243 and 244: (3) Evidence that was obtained as a

Page 245 and 246: Rule 312. Body views and intrusions

Page 247 and 248: the time of the search. Under norma

Page 249 and 250: ( e ) P o w e r t o s e a r c h . A

Page 251 and 252: (2) takes place outside the United

Page 253 and 254: tendency to make the existence of a

Page 255 and 256: (1) Evidence offered to prove that

Page 257 and 258: (2) contact between the mouth and t

Page 259 and 260: Rule 504. Husband-wife privilege (a

Page 261 and 262: judge to have access to the classif

Page 263 and 264: any order that the interests of jus

Page 265 and 266: (A) Finding of identifiable damage.

Page 267 and 268: sonable period of time disclosure i

Page 269 and 270: of evidence of a patient’s record

Page 271 and 272: inadmissible except that a convicti

Page 273 and 274: Rule 702. Testimony by experts If s

Page 275 and 276: with the provisions of paragraph (6

Page 277 and 278: ing in the death of the alleged vic

Page 279 and 280: and actually recorded or filed in a

Page 281: i n g s e x c e p t t h o s e i n w

Page 284 and 285: 1.b.(2)(b)(ii) as a party, where th

Page 286 and 287: 3.b.(2) robbery, but guilty of wron

Page 288 and 289: 5.c.(3) agreement must, at least in

Page 290 and 291: 6.f.(1) or committed, add the follo

Page 292 and 293: 9.a.(a)(3) (3) without being regula

Page 294 and 295: 9.c.(2)(c) ous duty or important se

Page 296 and 297: 10.c.(4)(d) or duty section with th

Page 298 and 299: 11.c. c. Explanation. (1) Movement.

Page 300 and 301: 13.c.(1)(b) prevented. The victim i

Page 302 and 303: 14.c.(2)(b) must be directed specif

Page 304 and 305: 15.b.(3)(f) or was disrespectful to

Page 306 and 307: 16.c.(1)(b) tains its character as

Page 308 and 309: 17.c.(2) even though the duties are

Page 310 and 311: 18.f.(3) with intent to cause the (

Page 312 and 313: 19.c.(5)(c) without force or artifi

Page 314 and 315: 20.e.(3) Dishonorable discharge, fo

Page 316 and 317: 23.b.(2)(c) (c) That this act occur

Page 318 and 319: 23.d.(6)(b) (b) Article 80—attemp

Page 320 and 321: 24.f.(1) of , (to give up to the en

Page 322 and 323: 27.b.(3)(a) otherwise dealt in or d

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Page 326 and 327: 30.a. commission and on conviction

Page 328 and 329: 30a.c. c. Explanation. (1) Intent.

Page 330 and 331: 32.c.(2) cludes: deliberate violati

Page 332 and 333: 33.c.(2) this section, the destruct

Page 334 and 335: 34.f.(3) w e e n a n d h o u r s on

Page 336 and 337: 35.e.(1) discharge, forfeiture of a

Page 338 and 339: 37.c.(2) the accused did not know t

Page 340 and 341: 37.f.(3) aircraft, vehicle, or inst

Page 342 and 343: 39.f.(1) (with ), using as weapons

Page 344 and 345: 41.f.(1) w i t h ( a n d ) ( a n d

Page 346 and 347: 43.c.(3)(b) members of the body, se

Page 348 and 349: 44.e. e. Maximum punishment. ( 1 )

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Page 352 and 353: 45.a.(o)(1) had not attained the ag

Page 354 and 355: 45.a.(t)(12)(B) (B) that other pers

Page 356 and 357: 45.b.(3)(c) ble of appraising the a

Page 358 and 359: 45.b.(8)(c) stantially incapacitate

Page 360 and 361: 45.e.(2)(a) - (f) (2)(a) - (f) Rape

Page 362 and 363: 45.g.(2)(c) 16 years, by causing gr

Page 364 and 365: 45.g.(7)(b)(i) wit: against (him)(h

Page 366 and 367: 45.g.(14) indecent manner (his) (he

Page 368 and 369: 46.c.(1)(c)(ii) ( i i ) O w n e r .

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Page 372 and 373: 47.c.(3) (3) Fear. For a robbery to

Page 374 and 375: 48.f.(1) (1) Forgery—making or al

Page 376 and 377: 49.c.(13) ( 1 3 ) U p o n i t s p r

Page 378 and 379: 50.f. data, if required) on or abou

Page 380 and 381: 52.f.(1)(b) T h e a t e r ) ( , t h

Page 382 and 383: 54.c.(1)(b)(ii) r e a s o n a b l e

Page 384 and 385: 54.c.(4)(b)(ii) as when the victim

Page 386 and 387: 55.b.(1) ( 1 ) T h a t t h e a c c

Page 388 and 389: 57.b.(1)(c) (c) That the oath or af

Page 390 and 391: 58.b.(3) ( 3 ) M a k i n g o r u s

Page 392 and 393: 58.f.(1) ( f a l s e a n d f r a u

Page 394 and 395: 60.a. be guilty, shall be taken cog

Page 396 and 397: 61. 61. Article 134—(Abusing publ

Page 398 and 399: 64.c.(6) intent to commit sodomy. A

Page 400 and 401: 67.b.(2) the intent to defraud a ce

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Page 404 and 405: 72.b.(5) discipline in the armed fo

Page 406 and 407: 76.f. w a s , ( a t / o n b o a r d

Page 408 and 409: 79.c.(1) ing under a lawful oath or

Page 410 and 411: 83.c.(1) tion of the custom of the

Page 412 and 413: 89.b.(3) discipline in the armed fo

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Page 416 and 417: 96a.b.(2) tain person against whom

Page 418 and 419: 97a.c.(2) role, such as paying rest

Page 420 and 421: 100a.f. f. Sample specification. In

Page 422 and 423: 104.c.(2)(a) graph 38c applies to l

Page 424 and 425: 108.c. charge of wrongful to testif

Page 426 and 427: 110.f. ( a c c u s e o f h a v i n

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Page 431 and 432: authority is considering the imposi

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Page 435 and 436: (2) a subsequent period of active d

Page 437: o f a n y w r i t t e n m a t t e r

Page 440 and 441: Art. 1, § 5 APPENDIX 1 Section 6.

Page 442 and 443: Art. 2, § 3 APPENDIX 1 them, with

Page 444 and 445: Amdt. XII APPENDIX 1 number of Elec

Page 446 and 447: Amdt. XXV, § 1 APPENDIX 1 shall ta

Page 448 and 449: § 802. Art. 2.(a)(4) APPENDIX 2 (4

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Page 462 and 463: § 854. Art. 54.(a) APPENDIX 2 the

Page 464 and 465: SUBCHAPTER IX. APPENDIX 2 Sec. Art.

Page 466 and 467: § 864. Art. 64.(b)(2) APPENDIX 2 (

Page 468 and 469: § 869. Art. 69.(e) APPENDIX 2 (e)

Page 470 and 471: § 876b. Art. 76b.(a)(4)(C) APPENDI

Page 472 and 473: § 886. Art. 86.(1) APPENDIX 2 ( 1

Page 474 and 475: § 906a. Art. 106a.(a)(1) APPENDIX

Page 476 and 477: § 919a. Art. 119a. APPENDIX 2 § 9

Page 478 and 479: § 920. Art. 120.(t)(4)(C) APPENDIX

Page 480 and 481: § 924. Art. 124.(2) APPENDIX 2 (2)

Page 482 and 483: § 938. Art. 138. APPENDIX 2 court-

Page 484 and 485: § 943. Art. 143.(b) APPENDIX 2 (b)

Page 487 and 488: Department of Defense DIRECTIVE APP

Page 489 and 490: MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN

Page 491 and 492: MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN

Page 493: MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN

Page 496 and 497: Department of Justice determines th

Page 498 and 499: A4-2 APPENDIX 4


Page 502 and 503: [ N o t e 8 . M e m b e r s m a y b


Page 506 and 507: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 [Note 10. See R.C

Page 508 and 509: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Election to be tr

Page 510 and 511: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 ACC: . Maximum pe

Page 512 and 513: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 A8-8 [Note 33. If

Page 514 and 515: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 AC: . MJ: Has any

Page 516 and 517: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Assembly/prelimin

Page 518 and 519: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Oath of witness [

Page 520 and 521: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Out of court hear

Page 522 and 523: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 MJ: Which of thes

Page 524 and 525: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 GCM subject to re

Page 526 and 527: App. 8 APPENDIX 8 A8-22 MJ: The cou

Page 528 and 529: App. 9 APPENDIX 9 ACC: . Right to o

Page 530 and 531: App. 9 APPENDIX 9 SCM: Do you under

Page 532 and 533: App. 9 APPENDIX 9 SCM: By your plea

Page 534 and 535: App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Acceptance of gui

Page 536 and 537: App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Procedure if tota

Page 538 and 539: App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Entry on charge s

Page 541 and 542: a. Announcement of sentence APPENDI

Page 543 and 544: APPENDIX 12 MAXIMUM PUNISHMENT CHAR

Page 545 and 546: App. 12, Art. 120 This chart was co

Page 547 and 548: App. 12, Art. 134 This chart was co

Page 549: App. 12, Art. 134 This chart was co

Page 552 and 553: App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Receipt for rec

Page 554 and 555: App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Prior participa

Page 556 and 557: App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Note. If there

Page 558 and 559: App. 13 APPENDIX 13 I don’t know

Page 560 and 561: App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Instructions Th

Page 563 and 564: APPENDIX 14 GUIDE FOR PREPARATION O

Page 565 and 566: of the exhibit, as appropriate, as

Page 567 and 568: SSEs, Reporter’s Notes and Gestur

Page 569 and 570: Bench conferences and Article 39(a)

Page 571: GUIDE FOR PREPARATION OF RECORD OF


Page 576 and 577: App. 16 APPENDIX 16 Deferment of co

Page 578 and 579: App. 16 APPENDIX 16 certain rights,

Page 580 and 581: App. 16 APPENDIX 16 thority who may

Page 582 and 583: App. 17 APPENDIX 17 Specification:

Page 584 and 585: App. 17 APPENDIX 17 Remissions; sus

Page 587 and 588: APPENDIX 18 Report of Proceedings t

Page 589 and 590: APPENDIX 18 A18-3

Page 591 and 592: APPENDIX 19 Waiver/Withdrawal of Ap

Page 593 and 594: APPENDIX 20 Waiver/Withdrawal of Ap

Page 595 and 596: APPENDIX 21 ANALYSIS OF RULES FOR C

Page 597 and 598: this analysis was drafted, the spec

Page 599 and 600: previous Manuals. It is defined to

Page 601 and 602: straint may be necessary to ensure

Page 603 and 604: The Schooner Exchange v. McFaddon a

Page 605: 220 (C.M.A. 1979); United States v.

Page 609 and 610: inconsistent with Fed.R. Crim. P. 4

Page 611 and 612: and to act. See Article 9(e). See a

Page 613 and 614: e m a i n i n g p r e t r i a l c o

Page 615 and 616: after trial. It is the responsibili

Page 617 and 618: ( i ) P r i n c i p a l s — p a r

Page 619 and 620: third paragraph of paragraph 34 d o

Page 621 and 622: Rule 406 Pretrial advice ( a ) I n

Page 623 and 624: convening authority to avoid appoin

Page 625 and 626: Function section 3-3.9(a) (1979). C

Page 627 and 628: Providing broad discovery at an ear

Page 629 and 630: (f); paragraph 117 b(11) of MCM, 19

Page 631 and 632: u n d e r c o n t r a c t t o t h e

Page 633 and 634: (1964). See also United States v. S

Page 635 and 636: M.J. 354 (C.M.A. 1983), the Court s

Page 637 and 638: lish the outlines of their responsi

Page 639 and 640: make rulings at a 43(c)(2) conferen

Page 641 and 642: emains. Trial may not proceed with

Page 643 and 644: language of Article 48 applies only

Page 645 and 646: document is true. In this sense, a

Page 647 and 648: and 25, and United States v. Jeanba

Page 649 and 650: estrict the power of the convening

Page 651 and 652: to a court-martial. Cf. Lee v. Unit

Page 653 and 654: (a) In general. Subsection (1) is b

Page 655 and 656: v. Greene, 20 U.S.C.M.A. 232, 43 C.

Page 657 and 658: stituted for “in their possession

Page 659 and 660: least 16 years of age. The changes

Page 661 and 662: Cotten, 10 M.J. 260 (C.M.A. 1981);

Page 663 and 664: for in R.C.M. 918(a). But see Carro

Page 665 and 666: much information as the military ju

Page 667 and 668: e s t r i c t i o n , h a r d l a b

Page 669 and 670: the first of two “thresholds” b

Page 671 and 672: accused intended to affect national

Page 673 and 674: erence to the percentage of agreeme

Page 675 and 676: subsection implements Article 58b,

Page 677 and 678: the record. In subsection (A), the

Page 679 and 680: the defense may submit matters in i

Page 681 and 682: of showing lack of mental capacity

Page 683 and 684: President, remission or suspension

Page 685 and 686: the first paragraph of paragraph 98

Page 687 and 688: Rule 1202 Appellate counsel (a) In

Page 689 and 690: guilty, see Article 44; R.C.M. 905(

Page 691: (b) Contents. This subsection is ba

Page 694 and 695: App. 22, M.R.E. 101(a) APPENDIX 22

Page 696 and 697: App. 22, M.R.E. 105 APPENDIX 22 sta

Page 698 and 699: App. 22, M.R.E. 301(b)(1) APPENDIX

Page 700 and 701: App. 22, M.R.E. 302 APPENDIX 22 the


Page 704 and 705: App. 22, M.R.E. 304(d)(3) APPENDIX

Page 706 and 707: App. 22, M.R.E. 304(h)(3) APPENDIX

Page 708 and 709: App. 22, M.R.E. 305(e) APPENDIX 22

Page 710 and 711: App. 22, M.R.E. 311(b) APPENDIX 22

Page 712 and 713: App. 22, M.R.E. 312(c) APPENDIX 22



Page 718 and 719: App. 22, M.R.E. 314(c) APPENDIX 22


Page 722 and 723: App. 22, M.R.E. 315(h) APPENDIX 22



Page 728 and 729: App. 22, M.R.E. 412 APPENDIX 22 whi

Page 730 and 731: App. 22, M.R.E. 501 APPENDIX 22 app


Page 734 and 735: App. 22, M.R.E. 506 APPENDIX 22 Rul

Page 736 and 737: App. 22, M.R.E. 509 APPENDIX 22 Rul


Page 740 and 741: App. 22, M.R.E. 610 APPENDIX 22 ble

Page 742 and 743: App. 22, M.R.E. 701 APPENDIX 22 chi

Page 744 and 745: App. 22, M.R.E. 801(d)(1) APPENDIX

Page 746 and 747: App. 22, M.R.E. 803(4) APPENDIX 22

Page 748 and 749: App. 22, M.R.E. 803(19-20) APPENDIX


Page 752 and 753: App. 22, M.R.E. 1001(4) APPENDIX 22

Page 754 and 755: App. 22, M.R.E. 1102 APPENDIX 22 ne

Page 756 and 757: Pun. Art. 78 APPENDIX 23 on Article

Page 758 and 759: Pun. Art. 86 APPENDIX 23 (6) Inabil

Page 760 and 761: Pun. Art. 92 APPENDIX 23 e. Maximum

Page 762 and 763: Pun. Art. 95 APPENDIX 23 forces may

Page 764 and 765: Pun. Art. 108 APPENDIX 23 mum punis

Page 766 and 767: Pun. Art. 112 APPENDIX 23 wide Surv

Page 768 and 769: Pun. Art. 119 APPENDIX 23 slaughter

Page 770 and 771: Pun. Art. 122 APPENDIX 23 d. Lesser

Page 772 and 773: Pun. Art. 131 APPENDIX 23 1746 of t

Page 774 and 775: Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 United St

Page 776 and 777: Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 88. Artic

Page 778 and 779: Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 6c, no. 1

Page 781 and 782: APPENDIX 24 ANALYSIS OF NONJUDICIAL

Page 783 and 784: EXECUTIVE ORDER 12473 AS AMENDED BY

Page 785 and 786: THE WHITE HOUSE February 19, 1986 H

Page 787 and 788: investigation, referral of charges,

Page 789 and 790: EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12767 AMENDMENT

Page 791 and 792: EXECUTIVE ORDER 12888 AMENDMENTS TO

Page 793 and 794: this rule to have military counsel

Page 795 and 796: c r i m e t r i e d b y c o u r t -

Page 797 and 798: THE WHITE HOUSE December 23, 1993.

Page 799 and 800: fenses may not serve as the princip

Page 801 and 802: cials have a reasonable suspicion b

Page 803 and 804: EXECUTIVE ORDER 12960 AMENDMENTS TO

Page 805 and 806: postpone service of a sentence to c

Page 807 and 808: subsection (i)(3) reasonably could

Page 809 and 810: speed or erratic operation, but all

Page 811 and 812: which may properly or normally be e

Page 813 and 814: such as witness statements, investi

Page 815 and 816: However, the United States may not

Page 817 and 818: immediate need for the accused; the

Page 819 and 820: u. R.C.M. 1107(d)(3)(A) is amended

Page 821 and 822: have the authority to vacate any pu

Page 823 and 824: considered for its bearing on any m

Page 825 and 826: self from custody before being rele

Page 827 and 828: ta), having been placed in (post-tr

Page 829 and 830: EXECUTIVE ORDER 13140 1999 AMENDMEN

Page 831 and 832: (4) when a psychotherapist or assis

Page 833 and 834: Martial 502, 804, and 914A shall on

Page 835 and 836: HISTORICAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS A25-53










Page 855 and 856: Executive Order 13365 of December 3

Page 857 and 858: trait of character offered by an ac

Page 859 and 860: the effective date of this order th

Page 861 and 862: e conducted unless at least three m

Page 863 and 864: “In that (personal jurisdiction d

Page 865 and 866: lowing after the second sentence:

Page 867 and 868: emote means. At a minimum, all part

Page 869 and 870: property (known to be occupied by)

Page 871 and 872: d i c t i o n d a t a , i f r e q u

Page 873 and 874: ANNEX Section 1. Part II of the Man

Page 875 and 876: a person other than the accused was

Page 877 and 878: person subject to this chapter who

Page 879 and 880: (ii) a threat — (I) to accuse any

Page 881 and 882: (i) That the accused engaged in a s

Page 883 and 884: with or by a child or by another pe

Page 885 and 886: (8) Abusive sexual contact. (a) Art

Page 887 and 888: d r u g , i n t o x i c a n t , o r

Page 889 and 890: ( b ) A g g r a v a t e d s e x u a

Page 891 and 892: (his)(her)( ) knowledge or permissi

Page 893 and 894: ( n ) P a r a g r a p h 5 4 , A r t

Page 895 and 896: In that (personal jurisdiction data

Page 897 and 898: APPENDIX 26 THE JOINT SERVICE COMMI

Page 899 and 900: THE JOINT SERVICE COMMITTEE ON MILI



Page 905: THE JOINT SERVICE COMMITTEE ON MILI

Page 908 and 909: ceased to resist only because of a

Page 910 and 911: wrongfully expose in an indecent ma

Page 912 and 913: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page A

Page 914 and 915: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page S


Page 918 and 919: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page T

Page 920 and 921: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page C

Page 922 and 923: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page R

Page 924 and 925: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Court-marti

Page 926 and 927: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page D



Page 932 and 933: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page O


Page 936 and 937: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page W

Page 938 and 939: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page P


Page 942 and 943: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page H

Page 944 and 945: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page j


Page 948 and 949: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page M



Page 954 and 955: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page M



Page 960 and 961: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Jurisdictio

Page 962 and 963: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page G


Page 966 and 967: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page I

Page 968 and 969: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page U

Page 970 and 971: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page W


Page 974 and 975: MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page O


Page 978 and 979: Part I Preamble Part II Rules for C

Page 980: USAPD ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING SYSTEM

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