2008 edition - Fort Sam Houston - U.S. Army

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MCM <strong>2008</strong> 12. Maximum Punishment Chart 13. Guide for Preparation of Record of Trial by General Court-Martial and by Special Court-Martial When a Verbatim Record is Not Required 14. Guide for Preparation of Record of Trial by General Court-Martial and by Special Court-Martial When a Verbatim Record is Required 15. Record of Trial by Summary Court-Martial (DD Form 2329) 16. Forms for Action 17. Forms for Court-Martial Orders 18. Report of Proceedings to Vacate Suspension of a General Court-Martial or of a Special Court-Martial Sentence Including a Bad-Conduct Discharge or Confinement for One Year Under Article 72, UCMJ, and R.C.M. 1109 (DD Form 455) 19. Waiver/Withdrawal of Appellate Rights in General and Special Courts-Martial Subject to Review by a Court of Military Review (DD Form 2330) 20. Waiver/Withdrawal of Appellate Rights in General Courts-Martial Subject to Examination in the Office of the Judge Advocate General (DD Form 2331) 21. Analysis of Rules for Courts-Martial 22. Analysis of the Military Rules of Evidence 23. Analysis of Punitive Articles 24. Analysis of Nonjudicial Punishment Procedure 25. Historical Executive Orders 26. The Joint Service Committee on Military Justice (JSC) 27. Punitive Articles Applicable to Sexual Assault Offenses Committed Prior to 1 October 2007 xliv
1. Sources of military jurisdiction The sources of military jurisdiction include the Constitution and international law. International law includes the law of war. 2. Exercise of military jurisdiction (a) Kinds. Military jurisdiction is exercised by: (1) A government in the exercise of that branch of the municipal law which regulates its military establishment. (Military law). (2) A government temporarily governing the civil population within its territory or a portion of its territory through its military forces as necessity may require. (Martial law). ( 3 ) A b e l l i g e r e n t o c c u p y i n g e n e m y t e r r i t o r y . (Military government). (4) A government with respect to offenses against the law of war. (b) Agencies. The agencies through which military jurisdiction is exercised include: (1) Courts-martial for the trial of offenses against military law and, in the case of general courts-martial, of persons who by the law of war are subject to trial by military tribunals. See Parts II, III, and IV of this Manual for rules governing courts-martial. (2) Military commissions and provost courts for the trial of cases within their respective jurisdictions. Subject to any applicable rule of international law or to any regulations prescribed by the President or by other competent authority, military commissions and provost courts shall be guided by the appropriate principles of law and rules of procedures and evidence prescribed for courts-martial. (3) Courts of inquiry for the investigation of any matter referred to such court by competent authority. See Article 135. The Secretary concerned may prescribe regulations governing courts of inquiry. ( 4 ) N o n j u d i c i a l p u n i s h m e n t p r o c e e d i n g s o f a commander under Article 15. See Part V of this Manual. 3. Nature and purpose of military law Military law consists of the statutes governing the military establishment and regulations issued thereunder, the constitutional powers of the President and regulations issued thereunder, and the inherent au- PART I PREAMBLE t h o r i t y o f m i l i t a r y c o m m a n d e r s . M i l i t a r y l a w i n - cludes jurisdiction exercised by courts-martial and t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n e x e r c i s e d b y c o m m a n d e r s w i t h respect to nonjudicial punishment. The purpose of military law is to promote justice, to assist in maint a i n i n g g o o d o r d e r a n d d i s c i p l i n e i n t h e a r m e d forces, to promote efficiency and effectiveness in the military establishment, and thereby to strengthen the national security of the United States. 4. Structure and application of the Manual for Courts-Martial The Manual for Courts-Martial shall consist of this Preamble, the Rules for Courts-Martial, the Military Rules of Evidence, the Punitive Articles, and Nonjudicial Punishment Procedures (Part I–V). This Manual shall be applied consistent with the purpose of military law. The Manual shall be identified as “Manual for Courts-Martial, United States (2007 <strong>edition</strong>).” Any amendments to the Manual made by Executive Order shall be identified as “2006” Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, “2006” being the year the Executive Order was signed. The Department of Defense Joint Service Committee (JSC) on Military Justice reviews the Manual for Courts-Martial and proposes amendments to the D e p a r t m e n t o f D e f e n s e f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y t h e President on an annual basis. In conducting its annual review, the JSC is guided by DoD Directive 5 5 0 0 . 1 7 , “ T h e R o l e s a n d R e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o f t h e Joint Service Committee (JSC) on Military Justice.” DoD Directive 5500.17 includes provisions allowing public participation in the annual review process. Discussion The Department of Defense, in conjunction with the Departm e n t o f H o m e l a n d S e c u r i t y , h a s p u b l i s h e d s u p p l e m e n t a r y materials to accompany the Manual for Courts-Martial. These materials consist of a Discussion (accompanying the Preamble, the Rules for Courts-Martial, and the Punitive Articles), an Analysis, and various appendices. These supplementary materials do not constitute the official views of the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, the military departments, the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, or any other authority of the Government of the United States, and they do not constitute rules. Cf., for example, 5 U.S.C.§ 551 (1982). The supplementary materials do not create rights or responsibilities that are binding on any person, party, or other entity (including any authority of the Government of the I-1
Page 1 and 2: MANUAL FOR COURTS-MARTIAL UNITED ST
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE The Manual for Courts-Marti
Page 5 and 6: MRE 503 regarding the privilege att
Page 7 and 8: PART I PREAMBLE 1. Sources of milit
Page 9 and 10: MCM 2008 (l) Confinement after rele
Page 11 and 12: MCM 2008 (d) When charges may be re
Page 13 and 14: MCM 2008 (d) Effect of replacement
Page 15 and 16: MCM 2008 (b) Refusal to plead; irre
Page 17 and 18: MCM 2008 Rule 923. Impeachment of f
Page 19 and 20: MCM 2008 (c) Loss of record. . . .
Page 21 and 22: MCM 2008 (b) Petition by the accuse
Page 23 and 24: MCM 2008 SECTION III EXCLUSIONARY R
Page 25 and 26: MCM 2008 Rule 321. Eyewitness ident
Page 27 and 28: MCM 2008 Rule 509. Deliberations of
Page 29 and 30: MCM 2008 (15) Statements in documen
Page 31 and 32: MCM 2008 c. Explanation. . . . . .
Page 33 and 34: MCM 2008 a. Text of statute. . . .
Page 37 and 38: MCM 2008 f. Sample specification. .
Page 39 and 40: MCM 2008 d. Lesser included offense
Page 41 and 42: MCM 2008 d. Lesser included offense
Page 45 and 46: MCM 2008 b. Elements. . . . . . . .
Page 47 and 48: MCM 2008 f. Sample specification. .
Page 49: MCM 2008 a. Notice. . . . . . . . .
Page 53 and 54: Rule 101. Scope, title (a) In gener
Page 55 and 56: they remain possessions, but does n
Page 57 and 58: eviewing authority with respect to
Page 59 and 60: Discussion Complaints need not be m
Page 61 and 62: Rule 201. Jurisdiction in general (
Page 63 and 64: t h i s p o l i c y d o e s n o t a
Page 65 and 66: with respect to offenders or offens
Page 67 and 68: p e r s o n s u n d e r t h e l a w
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER III. INITIATION OF CHARGES;
Page 71 and 72: (B) Under exigent circumstances des
Page 73 and 74: straint, including its terms or lim
Page 75 and 76: 305(i)(1), or this subsection preve
Page 77 and 78: of evidence or of misconduct which,
Page 79 and 80: matter shall be forwarded to the ge
Page 81 and 82: essential to the offense, so they m
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER IV. FORWARDING AND DISPOSIT
Page 85 and 86: the hour and date of receipt to be
Page 87 and 88: counsel. The investigating officer
Page 89 and 90: expenses to testify at a pretrial i
Page 91 and 92: in the Article 32 investigating off
Page 93 and 94: t h e m a t t e r ) t o a s u b o r
Page 95 and 96: court-martial without a military ju
Page 97 and 98: counsel. Responsibility for trial o
Page 99 and 100: efore assembly, request orally on t
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See also R.C.M. 401(c). Discussion
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is a member shall be reasonably ava
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vening authority may include proper
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withdrawn charges or specifications
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information which is under the cont
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gated the disadvantage caused by th
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forward it to the authority who ord
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shall grant a continuance or other
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attendance of civilian witnesses ma
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ney General of the United States or
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period of suspension of the sentenc
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Discussion Based on the report, fur
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CHAPTER VIII. TRIAL PROCEDURE GENER
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making the motion or raising the ob
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ight to be present. See also R.C.M.
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An assistant counsel who lacks the
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Rule 807. Oaths (a) Definition. “
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t h e m i l i t a r y j u d g e s h
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Rule 811. Stipulations (a) In gener
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CHAPTER IX. TRIAL PROCEDURES THROUG
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(1) “Proceeding” includes pretr
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Rule 905. Motions generally (a) Def
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determination and the grounds for i
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trial be tried separately. Such a r
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out trial of a deserter by a genera
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against them or to conduct or coope
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vening authority, or trial counsel,
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vening authority in the case, or ha
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cise a peremptory challenge before
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(5) Reopening case. The military ju
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good character, see Mil. R. Evid. 4
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Discussion The defense of accident
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(l) Not defenses generally. (1) Ign
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erly before the court-martial on th
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equested by a party or which the mi
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not for the purpose of rendering a
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“conviction” includes any dispo
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section (c)(3) of this rule, they m
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Discussion A fine is in the nature
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and desertion (see paragraph 9, Par
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( 4 ) N e c e s s a r y f i n d i n
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cused knowingly created a grave ris
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(d) Voting. (1) Duty of members. Ea
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(B) With a view to decreasing. Memb
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eported in the convening authority
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u n l e s s t h e s e n t e n c e p
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o n d e f e n s e c o u n s e l i n
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Appeals. Before review, if any, by
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the court-martial or in writing, th
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the period in which comments may be
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Discussion The method of service an
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mental capacity of the accused, the
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e o r d e r e d i f , i n t h e s a
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was disapproved or set aside. The c
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ence of the probationer or to preve
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one year, shall follow that set for
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ted, a waiver or withdrawal in comp
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Discussion A dismissal may not be o
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digency, unless the authority consi
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CHAPTER XII. APPEALS AND REVIEW Rul
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to request that the detailed appell
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T h e a c c u s e d m a y p e t i t
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shall take action under subsection
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e submitted by the accused personal
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CHAPTER XIII. SUMMARY COURTS-MARTIA
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substantial irregularity in the cha
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Discussion See Appendix 15 for a sa
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Rule 101. Scope ( a ) A p p l i c a
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Rule 301. Privilege concerning comp
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evidence would have been obtained e
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agent of a military unit or of a pe
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(3) Evidence that was obtained as a
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Rule 312. Body views and intrusions
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the time of the search. Under norma
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( e ) P o w e r t o s e a r c h . A
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(2) takes place outside the United
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tendency to make the existence of a
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(1) Evidence offered to prove that
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(2) contact between the mouth and t
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Rule 504. Husband-wife privilege (a
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judge to have access to the classif
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any order that the interests of jus
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(A) Finding of identifiable damage.
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sonable period of time disclosure i
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of evidence of a patient’s record
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inadmissible except that a convicti
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Rule 702. Testimony by experts If s
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with the provisions of paragraph (6
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ing in the death of the alleged vic
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and actually recorded or filed in a
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i n g s e x c e p t t h o s e i n w
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1.b.(2)(b)(ii) as a party, where th
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3.b.(2) robbery, but guilty of wron
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5.c.(3) agreement must, at least in
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6.f.(1) or committed, add the follo
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9.a.(a)(3) (3) without being regula
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9.c.(2)(c) ous duty or important se
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10.c.(4)(d) or duty section with th
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11.c. c. Explanation. (1) Movement.
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13.c.(1)(b) prevented. The victim i
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14.c.(2)(b) must be directed specif
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15.b.(3)(f) or was disrespectful to
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16.c.(1)(b) tains its character as
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17.c.(2) even though the duties are
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18.f.(3) with intent to cause the (
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19.c.(5)(c) without force or artifi
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20.e.(3) Dishonorable discharge, fo
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23.b.(2)(c) (c) That this act occur
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23.d.(6)(b) (b) Article 80—attemp
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24.f.(1) of , (to give up to the en
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27.b.(3)(a) otherwise dealt in or d
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28.c.(5)(a) i n f o r m a t i o n v
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30.a. commission and on conviction
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30a.c. c. Explanation. (1) Intent.
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32.c.(2) cludes: deliberate violati
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33.c.(2) this section, the destruct
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34.f.(3) w e e n a n d h o u r s on
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35.e.(1) discharge, forfeiture of a
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37.c.(2) the accused did not know t
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37.f.(3) aircraft, vehicle, or inst
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39.f.(1) (with ), using as weapons
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41.f.(1) w i t h ( a n d ) ( a n d
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43.c.(3)(b) members of the body, se
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44.e. e. Maximum punishment. ( 1 )
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44a.d.(2)(a) (a) Article 119a — k
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45.a.(o)(1) had not attained the ag
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45.a.(t)(12)(B) (B) that other pers
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45.b.(3)(c) ble of appraising the a
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45.b.(8)(c) stantially incapacitate
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45.e.(2)(a) - (f) (2)(a) - (f) Rape
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45.g.(2)(c) 16 years, by causing gr
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45.g.(7)(b)(i) wit: against (him)(h
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45.g.(14) indecent manner (his) (he
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46.c.(1)(c)(ii) ( i i ) O w n e r .
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46.c.(1)(h)(i) the general or speci
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47.c.(3) (3) Fear. For a robbery to
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48.f.(1) (1) Forgery—making or al
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49.c.(13) ( 1 3 ) U p o n i t s p r
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50.f. data, if required) on or abou
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52.f.(1)(b) T h e a t e r ) ( , t h
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54.c.(1)(b)(ii) r e a s o n a b l e
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54.c.(4)(b)(ii) as when the victim
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55.b.(1) ( 1 ) T h a t t h e a c c
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57.b.(1)(c) (c) That the oath or af
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58.b.(3) ( 3 ) M a k i n g o r u s
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58.f.(1) ( f a l s e a n d f r a u
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60.a. be guilty, shall be taken cog
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61. 61. Article 134—(Abusing publ
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64.c.(6) intent to commit sodomy. A
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67.b.(2) the intent to defraud a ce
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68a.f.(2) culpable negligence) (whi
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72.b.(5) discipline in the armed fo
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76.f. w a s , ( a t / o n b o a r d
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79.c.(1) ing under a lawful oath or
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83.c.(1) tion of the custom of the
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89.b.(3) discipline in the armed fo
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93.f.(1) (1) Taking. In that (perso
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96a.b.(2) tain person against whom
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97a.c.(2) role, such as paying rest
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100a.f. f. Sample specification. In
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104.c.(2)(a) graph 38c applies to l
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108.c. charge of wrongful to testif
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110.f. ( a c c u s e o f h a v i n
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PART V NONJUDICIAL PUNISHMENT PROCE
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authority is considering the imposi
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(ii) correctional custody for not m
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(2) a subsequent period of active d
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o f a n y w r i t t e n m a t t e r
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Art. 1, § 5 APPENDIX 1 Section 6.
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Art. 2, § 3 APPENDIX 1 them, with
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Amdt. XII APPENDIX 1 number of Elec
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Amdt. XXV, § 1 APPENDIX 1 shall ta
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§ 802. Art. 2.(a)(4) APPENDIX 2 (4
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§ 809. Art. 9.(b) APPENDIX 2 o f h
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SUBCHAPTER IV. APPENDIX 2 Sec. Art.
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§ 825. Art. 25.(b)(2) APPENDIX 2 (
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§ 832. Art. 32.(b) APPENDIX 2 prov
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§ 839. Art. 39.(a) APPENDIX 2 this
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§ 847. Art. 47. APPENDIX 2 § 847.
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§ 854. Art. 54.(a) APPENDIX 2 the
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SUBCHAPTER IX. APPENDIX 2 Sec. Art.
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§ 864. Art. 64.(b)(2) APPENDIX 2 (
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§ 869. Art. 69.(e) APPENDIX 2 (e)
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§ 876b. Art. 76b.(a)(4)(C) APPENDI
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§ 886. Art. 86.(1) APPENDIX 2 ( 1
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§ 906a. Art. 106a.(a)(1) APPENDIX
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§ 919a. Art. 119a. APPENDIX 2 § 9
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§ 920. Art. 120.(t)(4)(C) APPENDIX
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§ 924. Art. 124.(2) APPENDIX 2 (2)
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§ 938. Art. 138. APPENDIX 2 court-
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§ 943. Art. 143.(b) APPENDIX 2 (b)
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Department of Defense DIRECTIVE APP
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MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN
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Page 493:
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Department of Justice determines th
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A4-2 APPENDIX 4
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A5-2 APPENDIX 5
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[ N o t e 8 . M e m b e r s m a y b
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A7-2 APPENDIX 7
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 [Note 10. See R.C
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Election to be tr
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 ACC: . Maximum pe
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 A8-8 [Note 33. If
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 AC: . MJ: Has any
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Assembly/prelimin
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Oath of witness [
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Out of court hear
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 MJ: Which of thes
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 GCM subject to re
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 A8-22 MJ: The cou
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 ACC: . Right to o
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 SCM: Do you under
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 SCM: By your plea
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Acceptance of gui
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Procedure if tota
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Entry on charge s
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a. Announcement of sentence APPENDI
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APPENDIX 12 MAXIMUM PUNISHMENT CHAR
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App. 12, Art. 120 This chart was co
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Page 549:
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Receipt for rec
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Prior participa
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Note. If there
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 I don’t know
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Instructions Th
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APPENDIX 14 GUIDE FOR PREPARATION O
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of the exhibit, as appropriate, as
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SSEs, Reporter’s Notes and Gestur
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Bench conferences and Article 39(a)
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GUIDE FOR PREPARATION OF RECORD OF
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A15-2 APPENDIX 15
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App. 16 APPENDIX 16 Deferment of co
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App. 16 APPENDIX 16 certain rights,
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App. 16 APPENDIX 16 thority who may
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App. 17 APPENDIX 17 Specification:
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App. 17 APPENDIX 17 Remissions; sus
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APPENDIX 18 Report of Proceedings t
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APPENDIX 18 A18-3
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APPENDIX 19 Waiver/Withdrawal of Ap
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APPENDIX 20 Waiver/Withdrawal of Ap
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APPENDIX 21 ANALYSIS OF RULES FOR C
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this analysis was drafted, the spec
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previous Manuals. It is defined to
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straint may be necessary to ensure
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The Schooner Exchange v. McFaddon a
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220 (C.M.A. 1979); United States v.
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4 1 C . M . R . 2 9 ( 1 9 6 9 ) . S
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inconsistent with Fed.R. Crim. P. 4
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and to act. See Article 9(e). See a
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e m a i n i n g p r e t r i a l c o
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after trial. It is the responsibili
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( i ) P r i n c i p a l s — p a r
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third paragraph of paragraph 34 d o
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Rule 406 Pretrial advice ( a ) I n
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convening authority to avoid appoin
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Function section 3-3.9(a) (1979). C
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Providing broad discovery at an ear
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(f); paragraph 117 b(11) of MCM, 19
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u n d e r c o n t r a c t t o t h e
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(1964). See also United States v. S
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M.J. 354 (C.M.A. 1983), the Court s
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lish the outlines of their responsi
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make rulings at a 43(c)(2) conferen
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emains. Trial may not proceed with
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language of Article 48 applies only
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document is true. In this sense, a
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and 25, and United States v. Jeanba
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estrict the power of the convening
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to a court-martial. Cf. Lee v. Unit
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(a) In general. Subsection (1) is b
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v. Greene, 20 U.S.C.M.A. 232, 43 C.
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stituted for “in their possession
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least 16 years of age. The changes
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Cotten, 10 M.J. 260 (C.M.A. 1981);
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for in R.C.M. 918(a). But see Carro
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much information as the military ju
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e s t r i c t i o n , h a r d l a b
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the first of two “thresholds” b
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accused intended to affect national
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erence to the percentage of agreeme
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subsection implements Article 58b,
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the record. In subsection (A), the
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the defense may submit matters in i
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of showing lack of mental capacity
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President, remission or suspension
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the first paragraph of paragraph 98
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Rule 1202 Appellate counsel (a) In
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guilty, see Article 44; R.C.M. 905(
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(b) Contents. This subsection is ba
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App. 22, M.R.E. 101(a) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 105 APPENDIX 22 sta
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App. 22, M.R.E. 301(b)(1) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 302 APPENDIX 22 the
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App. 22, M.R.E. 304(d)(3) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 304(h)(3) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 305(e) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 311(b) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 312(c) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 314(c) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 315(h) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 412 APPENDIX 22 whi
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App. 22, M.R.E. 501 APPENDIX 22 app
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App. 22, M.R.E. 506 APPENDIX 22 Rul
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App. 22, M.R.E. 509 APPENDIX 22 Rul
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App. 22, M.R.E. 610 APPENDIX 22 ble
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App. 22, M.R.E. 701 APPENDIX 22 chi
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App. 22, M.R.E. 801(d)(1) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 803(4) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 803(19-20) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 1001(4) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 1102 APPENDIX 22 ne
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Pun. Art. 78 APPENDIX 23 on Article
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Pun. Art. 86 APPENDIX 23 (6) Inabil
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Pun. Art. 92 APPENDIX 23 e. Maximum
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Pun. Art. 95 APPENDIX 23 forces may
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Pun. Art. 108 APPENDIX 23 mum punis
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Pun. Art. 112 APPENDIX 23 wide Surv
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Pun. Art. 119 APPENDIX 23 slaughter
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Pun. Art. 122 APPENDIX 23 d. Lesser
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Pun. Art. 131 APPENDIX 23 1746 of t
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Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 United St
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Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 88. Artic
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Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 6c, no. 1
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APPENDIX 24 ANALYSIS OF NONJUDICIAL
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EXECUTIVE ORDER 12473 AS AMENDED BY
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THE WHITE HOUSE February 19, 1986 H
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investigation, referral of charges,
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EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12767 AMENDMENT
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EXECUTIVE ORDER 12888 AMENDMENTS TO
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this rule to have military counsel
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c r i m e t r i e d b y c o u r t -
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THE WHITE HOUSE December 23, 1993.
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fenses may not serve as the princip
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cials have a reasonable suspicion b
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EXECUTIVE ORDER 12960 AMENDMENTS TO
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postpone service of a sentence to c
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subsection (i)(3) reasonably could
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speed or erratic operation, but all
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which may properly or normally be e
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such as witness statements, investi
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However, the United States may not
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immediate need for the accused; the
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u. R.C.M. 1107(d)(3)(A) is amended
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have the authority to vacate any pu
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considered for its bearing on any m
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self from custody before being rele
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ta), having been placed in (post-tr
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EXECUTIVE ORDER 13140 1999 AMENDMEN
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(4) when a psychotherapist or assis
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Martial 502, 804, and 914A shall on
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HISTORICAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS A25-53
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Executive Order 13365 of December 3
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trait of character offered by an ac
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the effective date of this order th
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e conducted unless at least three m
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“In that (personal jurisdiction d
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lowing after the second sentence:
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emote means. At a minimum, all part
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property (known to be occupied by)
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d i c t i o n d a t a , i f r e q u
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ANNEX Section 1. Part II of the Man
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a person other than the accused was
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person subject to this chapter who
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(ii) a threat — (I) to accuse any
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(i) That the accused engaged in a s
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with or by a child or by another pe
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(8) Abusive sexual contact. (a) Art
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d r u g , i n t o x i c a n t , o r
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( b ) A g g r a v a t e d s e x u a
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(his)(her)( ) knowledge or permissi
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( n ) P a r a g r a p h 5 4 , A r t
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In that (personal jurisdiction data
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APPENDIX 26 THE JOINT SERVICE COMMI
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THE JOINT SERVICE COMMITTEE ON MILI
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ceased to resist only because of a
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wrongfully expose in an indecent ma
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page A
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page S
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page T
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page C
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page R
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Court-marti
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page D
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page O
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page W
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page P
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page H
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page j
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page M
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page M
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Jurisdictio
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page G
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page I
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page U
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page W
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page O
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Part I Preamble Part II Rules for C
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