2008 edition - Fort Sam Houston - U.S. Army

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MANUAL FOR COURTS-MARTIAL UNITED STATES (2008 EDITION) The 2008 Edition of the MCM is a complete revision of the 2005 MCM incorporating all Executive Orders (EO) through 28 Sep 07 (EO 12473 promulgating the 1984 MCM; EO 12484, 15 Nov 84; EO 12550, 19 Feb 86; EO 12586, 3 Mar 87; EO 12708, 23 Mar 90; EO 12767, 27 Jun 91; EO 12888, 23 Dec 93; EO 12936, 10 Nov 94; EO 12960, 12 May 95; EO 13086, 27 May 98; EO 13140, 6 Oct 99; EO 13262, 11 Apr 02; EO 13365, 3 Dec 04; EO 13387, 14 Oct 05; EO 13430, 18 Apr 07; EO 13447, 28 Sep 07). Copies of each Executive Order can be found in Appendix 25.
PREFACE The Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM), United States (2008 Edition) updates the MCM, (2005 Edition). It is a complete reprinting and incorporates the MCM (2005 Edition), the 2005 amendments to the MCM Rules for Courts-Martial, Military Rules of Evidence, and Punitive Articles made by the President in Executive Order (EO) 13387, 14 October 2005, the 2007 amendments contained in EO 13430, 18 April 2007, and the further 2007 amendments contained in EO 13447, 28 September 2007. The EOs referenced above can be found at Appendix 25 of this MCM. This edition also contains amendments to the UCMJ made by the National Defense Authorization Acts for Fiscal Years 2006 and 2007. Some of the significant changes from the MCM (2005 Edition) are summarized and listed below. This summary is for quick reference only and should not be relied upon or cited by practitioners in lieu of the actual provisions of the MCM that have been amended. Rules for Courts-Martial (R.C.M.) in Part II of the MCM: R.C.M. 103(2) and R.C.M. 201(f)(1)(A)(iii)(b) changed the wording of rules requiring convening authorities to act affirmatively to refer a capital punishment eligible offense for trial as a capital case. R.C.M. 201(e)(2)(B), (e)(2)(C), (e)(3) and (e)(4), in their amended form, preclude commanders of joint organizations from trying service members not assigned to their joint command. The revision also clarified that implementing regulations of the accused’s service apply when trial is conducted under a joint command, and that members and counsel from different services may be detailed to a court-martial convened by a joint commander. R.C.M. 501(a) expressly requires 12 members and a military judge in all capital cases unless 12 members are not reasonably available because of military exigencies or physical conditions. R.C.M. 503(b)(3) and (c)(3) clarify that a military judge and/or counsel from any service may be detailed to a court-martial convened by a joint or combatant commander. R.C.M. 504(b)(2)(A) and (b)(2)(B) clarify that a joint command or task force is ordinarily considered to be separate or detached and that the general court-martial convening authority of a joint command determines whether or not a unit is separate or detached. R.C.M. 703(b)(1) authorizes the presiding military judge in a court-martial to allow any witness to testify on interlocutory questions by remote means (e.g. VTC) or similar technology if practical difficulties in producing 1
Page 1: MANUAL FOR COURTS-MARTIAL UNITED ST
Page 5 and 6: MRE 503 regarding the privilege att
Page 7 and 8: PART I PREAMBLE 1. Sources of milit
Page 9 and 10: MCM 2008 (l) Confinement after rele
Page 11 and 12: MCM 2008 (d) When charges may be re
Page 13 and 14: MCM 2008 (d) Effect of replacement
Page 15 and 16: MCM 2008 (b) Refusal to plead; irre
Page 17 and 18: MCM 2008 Rule 923. Impeachment of f
Page 19 and 20: MCM 2008 (c) Loss of record. . . .
Page 21 and 22: MCM 2008 (b) Petition by the accuse
Page 23 and 24: MCM 2008 SECTION III EXCLUSIONARY R
Page 25 and 26: MCM 2008 Rule 321. Eyewitness ident
Page 27 and 28: MCM 2008 Rule 509. Deliberations of
Page 29 and 30: MCM 2008 (15) Statements in documen
Page 31 and 32: MCM 2008 c. Explanation. . . . . .
Page 33 and 34: MCM 2008 a. Text of statute. . . .
Page 37 and 38: MCM 2008 f. Sample specification. .
Page 39 and 40: MCM 2008 d. Lesser included offense
Page 41 and 42: MCM 2008 d. Lesser included offense
Page 45 and 46: MCM 2008 b. Elements. . . . . . . .
Page 47 and 48: MCM 2008 f. Sample specification. .
Page 49 and 50: MCM 2008 a. Notice. . . . . . . . .
Page 51 and 52: 1. Sources of military jurisdiction
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Rule 101. Scope, title (a) In gener
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they remain possessions, but does n
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eviewing authority with respect to
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Discussion Complaints need not be m
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Rule 201. Jurisdiction in general (
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t h i s p o l i c y d o e s n o t a
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with respect to offenders or offens
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p e r s o n s u n d e r t h e l a w
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CHAPTER III. INITIATION OF CHARGES;
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(B) Under exigent circumstances des
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straint, including its terms or lim
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305(i)(1), or this subsection preve
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of evidence or of misconduct which,
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matter shall be forwarded to the ge
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essential to the offense, so they m
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CHAPTER IV. FORWARDING AND DISPOSIT
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the hour and date of receipt to be
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counsel. The investigating officer
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expenses to testify at a pretrial i
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in the Article 32 investigating off
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t h e m a t t e r ) t o a s u b o r
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court-martial without a military ju
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counsel. Responsibility for trial o
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efore assembly, request orally on t
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See also R.C.M. 401(c). Discussion
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is a member shall be reasonably ava
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vening authority may include proper
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withdrawn charges or specifications
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information which is under the cont
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gated the disadvantage caused by th
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forward it to the authority who ord
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shall grant a continuance or other
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attendance of civilian witnesses ma
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ney General of the United States or
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period of suspension of the sentenc
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Discussion Based on the report, fur
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CHAPTER VIII. TRIAL PROCEDURE GENER
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making the motion or raising the ob
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ight to be present. See also R.C.M.
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An assistant counsel who lacks the
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Rule 807. Oaths (a) Definition. “
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t h e m i l i t a r y j u d g e s h
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Rule 811. Stipulations (a) In gener
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CHAPTER IX. TRIAL PROCEDURES THROUG
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(1) “Proceeding” includes pretr
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Rule 905. Motions generally (a) Def
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determination and the grounds for i
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trial be tried separately. Such a r
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out trial of a deserter by a genera
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against them or to conduct or coope
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vening authority, or trial counsel,
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vening authority in the case, or ha
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cise a peremptory challenge before
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(5) Reopening case. The military ju
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good character, see Mil. R. Evid. 4
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Discussion The defense of accident
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(l) Not defenses generally. (1) Ign
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erly before the court-martial on th
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equested by a party or which the mi
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not for the purpose of rendering a
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“conviction” includes any dispo
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section (c)(3) of this rule, they m
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Discussion A fine is in the nature
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and desertion (see paragraph 9, Par
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( 4 ) N e c e s s a r y f i n d i n
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cused knowingly created a grave ris
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(d) Voting. (1) Duty of members. Ea
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(B) With a view to decreasing. Memb
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eported in the convening authority
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u n l e s s t h e s e n t e n c e p
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o n d e f e n s e c o u n s e l i n
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Appeals. Before review, if any, by
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the court-martial or in writing, th
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the period in which comments may be
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Discussion The method of service an
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mental capacity of the accused, the
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e o r d e r e d i f , i n t h e s a
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was disapproved or set aside. The c
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ence of the probationer or to preve
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one year, shall follow that set for
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ted, a waiver or withdrawal in comp
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Discussion A dismissal may not be o
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digency, unless the authority consi
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CHAPTER XII. APPEALS AND REVIEW Rul
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to request that the detailed appell
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T h e a c c u s e d m a y p e t i t
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shall take action under subsection
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e submitted by the accused personal
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CHAPTER XIII. SUMMARY COURTS-MARTIA
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substantial irregularity in the cha
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Discussion See Appendix 15 for a sa
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Rule 101. Scope ( a ) A p p l i c a
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Rule 301. Privilege concerning comp
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evidence would have been obtained e
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agent of a military unit or of a pe
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(3) Evidence that was obtained as a
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Rule 312. Body views and intrusions
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the time of the search. Under norma
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( e ) P o w e r t o s e a r c h . A
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(2) takes place outside the United
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tendency to make the existence of a
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(1) Evidence offered to prove that
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(2) contact between the mouth and t
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Rule 504. Husband-wife privilege (a
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judge to have access to the classif
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any order that the interests of jus
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(A) Finding of identifiable damage.
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sonable period of time disclosure i
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of evidence of a patient’s record
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inadmissible except that a convicti
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Rule 702. Testimony by experts If s
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with the provisions of paragraph (6
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ing in the death of the alleged vic
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and actually recorded or filed in a
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i n g s e x c e p t t h o s e i n w
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1.b.(2)(b)(ii) as a party, where th
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3.b.(2) robbery, but guilty of wron
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5.c.(3) agreement must, at least in
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6.f.(1) or committed, add the follo
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9.a.(a)(3) (3) without being regula
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9.c.(2)(c) ous duty or important se
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10.c.(4)(d) or duty section with th
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11.c. c. Explanation. (1) Movement.
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13.c.(1)(b) prevented. The victim i
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14.c.(2)(b) must be directed specif
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15.b.(3)(f) or was disrespectful to
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16.c.(1)(b) tains its character as
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17.c.(2) even though the duties are
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18.f.(3) with intent to cause the (
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19.c.(5)(c) without force or artifi
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20.e.(3) Dishonorable discharge, fo
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23.b.(2)(c) (c) That this act occur
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23.d.(6)(b) (b) Article 80—attemp
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24.f.(1) of , (to give up to the en
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27.b.(3)(a) otherwise dealt in or d
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28.c.(5)(a) i n f o r m a t i o n v
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30.a. commission and on conviction
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30a.c. c. Explanation. (1) Intent.
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32.c.(2) cludes: deliberate violati
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33.c.(2) this section, the destruct
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34.f.(3) w e e n a n d h o u r s on
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35.e.(1) discharge, forfeiture of a
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37.c.(2) the accused did not know t
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37.f.(3) aircraft, vehicle, or inst
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39.f.(1) (with ), using as weapons
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41.f.(1) w i t h ( a n d ) ( a n d
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43.c.(3)(b) members of the body, se
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44.e. e. Maximum punishment. ( 1 )
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44a.d.(2)(a) (a) Article 119a — k
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45.a.(o)(1) had not attained the ag
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45.a.(t)(12)(B) (B) that other pers
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45.b.(3)(c) ble of appraising the a
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45.b.(8)(c) stantially incapacitate
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45.e.(2)(a) - (f) (2)(a) - (f) Rape
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45.g.(2)(c) 16 years, by causing gr
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45.g.(7)(b)(i) wit: against (him)(h
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45.g.(14) indecent manner (his) (he
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46.c.(1)(c)(ii) ( i i ) O w n e r .
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46.c.(1)(h)(i) the general or speci
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47.c.(3) (3) Fear. For a robbery to
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48.f.(1) (1) Forgery—making or al
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49.c.(13) ( 1 3 ) U p o n i t s p r
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50.f. data, if required) on or abou
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52.f.(1)(b) T h e a t e r ) ( , t h
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54.c.(1)(b)(ii) r e a s o n a b l e
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54.c.(4)(b)(ii) as when the victim
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55.b.(1) ( 1 ) T h a t t h e a c c
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57.b.(1)(c) (c) That the oath or af
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58.b.(3) ( 3 ) M a k i n g o r u s
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58.f.(1) ( f a l s e a n d f r a u
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60.a. be guilty, shall be taken cog
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61. 61. Article 134—(Abusing publ
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64.c.(6) intent to commit sodomy. A
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67.b.(2) the intent to defraud a ce
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68a.f.(2) culpable negligence) (whi
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72.b.(5) discipline in the armed fo
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76.f. w a s , ( a t / o n b o a r d
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79.c.(1) ing under a lawful oath or
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83.c.(1) tion of the custom of the
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89.b.(3) discipline in the armed fo
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93.f.(1) (1) Taking. In that (perso
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96a.b.(2) tain person against whom
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97a.c.(2) role, such as paying rest
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100a.f. f. Sample specification. In
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104.c.(2)(a) graph 38c applies to l
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108.c. charge of wrongful to testif
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110.f. ( a c c u s e o f h a v i n
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PART V NONJUDICIAL PUNISHMENT PROCE
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authority is considering the imposi
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(ii) correctional custody for not m
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(2) a subsequent period of active d
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o f a n y w r i t t e n m a t t e r
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Art. 1, § 5 APPENDIX 1 Section 6.
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Art. 2, § 3 APPENDIX 1 them, with
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Amdt. XII APPENDIX 1 number of Elec
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Amdt. XXV, § 1 APPENDIX 1 shall ta
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§ 802. Art. 2.(a)(4) APPENDIX 2 (4
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§ 809. Art. 9.(b) APPENDIX 2 o f h
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SUBCHAPTER IV. APPENDIX 2 Sec. Art.
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§ 825. Art. 25.(b)(2) APPENDIX 2 (
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§ 832. Art. 32.(b) APPENDIX 2 prov
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§ 839. Art. 39.(a) APPENDIX 2 this
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§ 847. Art. 47. APPENDIX 2 § 847.
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§ 854. Art. 54.(a) APPENDIX 2 the
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SUBCHAPTER IX. APPENDIX 2 Sec. Art.
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§ 864. Art. 64.(b)(2) APPENDIX 2 (
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§ 869. Art. 69.(e) APPENDIX 2 (e)
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§ 876b. Art. 76b.(a)(4)(C) APPENDI
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§ 886. Art. 86.(1) APPENDIX 2 ( 1
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§ 906a. Art. 106a.(a)(1) APPENDIX
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§ 919a. Art. 119a. APPENDIX 2 § 9
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§ 920. Art. 120.(t)(4)(C) APPENDIX
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§ 924. Art. 124.(2) APPENDIX 2 (2)
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§ 938. Art. 138. APPENDIX 2 court-
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§ 943. Art. 143.(b) APPENDIX 2 (b)
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Department of Defense DIRECTIVE APP
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MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN
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Department of Justice determines th
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A4-2 APPENDIX 4
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A5-2 APPENDIX 5
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[ N o t e 8 . M e m b e r s m a y b
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A7-2 APPENDIX 7
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 [Note 10. See R.C
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Election to be tr
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 ACC: . Maximum pe
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 A8-8 [Note 33. If
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 AC: . MJ: Has any
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Assembly/prelimin
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Oath of witness [
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 Out of court hear
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 MJ: Which of thes
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 GCM subject to re
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App. 8 APPENDIX 8 A8-22 MJ: The cou
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 ACC: . Right to o
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 SCM: Do you under
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 SCM: By your plea
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Acceptance of gui
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Procedure if tota
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App. 9 APPENDIX 9 Entry on charge s
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a. Announcement of sentence APPENDI
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APPENDIX 12 MAXIMUM PUNISHMENT CHAR
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App. 12, Art. 120 This chart was co
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Receipt for rec
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Prior participa
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Note. If there
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 I don’t know
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App. 13 APPENDIX 13 Instructions Th
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APPENDIX 14 GUIDE FOR PREPARATION O
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of the exhibit, as appropriate, as
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SSEs, Reporter’s Notes and Gestur
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Bench conferences and Article 39(a)
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GUIDE FOR PREPARATION OF RECORD OF
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A15-2 APPENDIX 15
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App. 16 APPENDIX 16 Deferment of co
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App. 16 APPENDIX 16 certain rights,
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App. 16 APPENDIX 16 thority who may
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App. 17 APPENDIX 17 Specification:
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App. 17 APPENDIX 17 Remissions; sus
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APPENDIX 18 Report of Proceedings t
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APPENDIX 18 A18-3
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APPENDIX 19 Waiver/Withdrawal of Ap
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APPENDIX 20 Waiver/Withdrawal of Ap
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APPENDIX 21 ANALYSIS OF RULES FOR C
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this analysis was drafted, the spec
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previous Manuals. It is defined to
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straint may be necessary to ensure
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The Schooner Exchange v. McFaddon a
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220 (C.M.A. 1979); United States v.
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4 1 C . M . R . 2 9 ( 1 9 6 9 ) . S
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inconsistent with Fed.R. Crim. P. 4
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and to act. See Article 9(e). See a
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e m a i n i n g p r e t r i a l c o
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after trial. It is the responsibili
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( i ) P r i n c i p a l s — p a r
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third paragraph of paragraph 34 d o
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Rule 406 Pretrial advice ( a ) I n
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convening authority to avoid appoin
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Function section 3-3.9(a) (1979). C
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Providing broad discovery at an ear
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(f); paragraph 117 b(11) of MCM, 19
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u n d e r c o n t r a c t t o t h e
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(1964). See also United States v. S
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M.J. 354 (C.M.A. 1983), the Court s
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lish the outlines of their responsi
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make rulings at a 43(c)(2) conferen
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emains. Trial may not proceed with
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language of Article 48 applies only
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document is true. In this sense, a
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and 25, and United States v. Jeanba
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estrict the power of the convening
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to a court-martial. Cf. Lee v. Unit
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(a) In general. Subsection (1) is b
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v. Greene, 20 U.S.C.M.A. 232, 43 C.
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stituted for “in their possession
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least 16 years of age. The changes
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Cotten, 10 M.J. 260 (C.M.A. 1981);
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for in R.C.M. 918(a). But see Carro
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much information as the military ju
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e s t r i c t i o n , h a r d l a b
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the first of two “thresholds” b
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accused intended to affect national
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erence to the percentage of agreeme
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subsection implements Article 58b,
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the record. In subsection (A), the
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the defense may submit matters in i
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of showing lack of mental capacity
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President, remission or suspension
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the first paragraph of paragraph 98
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Rule 1202 Appellate counsel (a) In
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guilty, see Article 44; R.C.M. 905(
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(b) Contents. This subsection is ba
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App. 22, M.R.E. 101(a) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 105 APPENDIX 22 sta
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App. 22, M.R.E. 301(b)(1) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 302 APPENDIX 22 the
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App. 22, M.R.E. 304(d)(3) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 304(h)(3) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 305(e) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 311(b) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 312(c) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 314(c) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 315(h) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 412 APPENDIX 22 whi
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App. 22, M.R.E. 501 APPENDIX 22 app
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App. 22, M.R.E. 506 APPENDIX 22 Rul
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App. 22, M.R.E. 509 APPENDIX 22 Rul
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App. 22, M.R.E. 610 APPENDIX 22 ble
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App. 22, M.R.E. 701 APPENDIX 22 chi
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App. 22, M.R.E. 801(d)(1) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 803(4) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 803(19-20) APPENDIX
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App. 22, M.R.E. 1001(4) APPENDIX 22
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App. 22, M.R.E. 1102 APPENDIX 22 ne
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Pun. Art. 78 APPENDIX 23 on Article
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Pun. Art. 86 APPENDIX 23 (6) Inabil
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Pun. Art. 92 APPENDIX 23 e. Maximum
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Pun. Art. 95 APPENDIX 23 forces may
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Pun. Art. 108 APPENDIX 23 mum punis
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Pun. Art. 112 APPENDIX 23 wide Surv
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Pun. Art. 119 APPENDIX 23 slaughter
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Pun. Art. 122 APPENDIX 23 d. Lesser
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Pun. Art. 131 APPENDIX 23 1746 of t
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Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 United St
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Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 88. Artic
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Pun. Art. 134 APPENDIX 23 6c, no. 1
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APPENDIX 24 ANALYSIS OF NONJUDICIAL
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EXECUTIVE ORDER 12473 AS AMENDED BY
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THE WHITE HOUSE February 19, 1986 H
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investigation, referral of charges,
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EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12767 AMENDMENT
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EXECUTIVE ORDER 12888 AMENDMENTS TO
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this rule to have military counsel
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c r i m e t r i e d b y c o u r t -
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THE WHITE HOUSE December 23, 1993.
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fenses may not serve as the princip
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cials have a reasonable suspicion b
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EXECUTIVE ORDER 12960 AMENDMENTS TO
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postpone service of a sentence to c
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subsection (i)(3) reasonably could
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speed or erratic operation, but all
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which may properly or normally be e
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such as witness statements, investi
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However, the United States may not
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immediate need for the accused; the
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u. R.C.M. 1107(d)(3)(A) is amended
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have the authority to vacate any pu
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considered for its bearing on any m
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self from custody before being rele
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ta), having been placed in (post-tr
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EXECUTIVE ORDER 13140 1999 AMENDMEN
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(4) when a psychotherapist or assis
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Martial 502, 804, and 914A shall on
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HISTORICAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS A25-53
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Executive Order 13365 of December 3
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trait of character offered by an ac
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the effective date of this order th
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e conducted unless at least three m
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“In that (personal jurisdiction d
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lowing after the second sentence:
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emote means. At a minimum, all part
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property (known to be occupied by)
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d i c t i o n d a t a , i f r e q u
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ANNEX Section 1. Part II of the Man
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a person other than the accused was
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person subject to this chapter who
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(ii) a threat — (I) to accuse any
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(i) That the accused engaged in a s
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with or by a child or by another pe
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(8) Abusive sexual contact. (a) Art
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d r u g , i n t o x i c a n t , o r
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( b ) A g g r a v a t e d s e x u a
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(his)(her)( ) knowledge or permissi
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( n ) P a r a g r a p h 5 4 , A r t
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In that (personal jurisdiction data
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APPENDIX 26 THE JOINT SERVICE COMMI
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THE JOINT SERVICE COMMITTEE ON MILI
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ceased to resist only because of a
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wrongfully expose in an indecent ma
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page A
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page S
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page T
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page C
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page R
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Court-marti
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page D
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page O
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page W
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page P
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page H
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page j
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page M
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page M
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Jurisdictio
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page G
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page I
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page U
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page W
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MCM, 2008 INDEX Subject Ref. Page O
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Part I Preamble Part II Rules for C
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