2008 edition - Fort Sam Houston - U.S. Army
2008 edition - Fort Sam Houston - U.S. Army 2008 edition - Fort Sam Houston - U.S. Army
R.C.M. 913(b) opening statement to the court-martial before presentation of evidence has begun. The defense may elect to make its statement after the prosecution has rested, before the presentation of evidence for the def e n s e . T h e m i l i t a r y j u d g e m a y , a s a m a t t e r o f discretion, permit the parties to address the courtmartial at other times. Discussion Counsel should confine their remarks to evidence they expect to be offered which they believe in good faith will be available and admissible and a brief statement of the issues in the case. (c) Presentation of evidence. Each party shall have full opportunity to present evidence. (1) Order of presentation. Ordinarily the following sequence shall be followed: ( A ) P r e s e n t a t i o n o f e v i d e n c e f o r t h e prosecution; (B) Presentation of evidence for the defense; ( C ) P r e s e n t a t i o n o f p r o s e c u t i o n e v i d e n c e i n rebuttal; ( D ) P r e s e n t a t i o n o f d e f e n s e e v i d e n c e i n surrebuttal; (E) Additional rebuttal evidence in the discretion of the military judge; and (F) Presentation of evidence requested by the military judge or members. Discussion See R.C.M. 801(a) and Mil. R. Evid. 611 concerning control by the military judge over the order of proceedings. (2) Taking testimony. The testimony of witnesses shall be taken orally in open session, unless otherwise provided in this Manual. Discussion Each witness must testify under oath. See R.C.M. 807(b)(1)(B); Mil. R. Evid. 603. After a witness is sworn, the witness should be identified for the record (full name, rank, and unit, if military, or full name and address, if civilian). The party calling the witness conducts direct examination of the witness, followed by crossexamination of the witness by the opposing party. Redirect and re-cross-examination are conducted as necessary, followed by any questioning by the military judge and members. See Mil. R. Evid. 611; 614. All documentary and real evidence (except marks or wounds on a person’s body) should be marked for identification when first referred to in the proceedings and should be included in the II-106 record of trial whether admitted in evidence or not. See R.C.M. 1103(b)(2)(C), (c). “Real evidence” include physical objects, such as clothing, weapons, and marks or wounds on a person’s body. If it is impracticable to attach an item of real evidence to the record, the item should be clearly and accurately described by testimony, photographs, or other means so that it may be considered on review. Similarly, when documentary evidence is used, if the document cannot be attached to the record (as in the case of an original official record or a large map), a legible copy or accurate extract should be included in the record. When a witness points to or otherwise refers to certain parts of a map, photograph, diagram, chart, or other exhibit, the place to which the witness pointed or referred should be clearly identified for the record, either by marking the exhibit or by an accurate description of the witness’ actions with regard to the exhibit. ( 3 ) V i e w s a n d i n s p e c t i o n s . T h e m i l i t a r y j u d g e may, as a matter of discretion, permit the courtmartial to view or inspect premises or a place or an article or object. Such a view or inspection shall take place only in the presence of all parties, the members (if any), and the military judge. A person familiar with the scene may be designated by the military judge to escort the court-martial. Such person shall perform the duties of escort under oath. The escort shall not testify, but may point out particular features prescribed by the military judge. Any statement made at the view or inspection by the escort, a party, the military judge, or any member shall be made part of the record. Discussion A view or inspection should be permitted only in extraordinary circumstances. The fact that a view or inspection has been made does not necessarily preclude the introduction in evidence of photographs, diagrams, maps, or sketches of the place or item viewed, if these are otherwise admissible. (4) Evidence subject to exclusion. When offered evidence would be subject to exclusion upon objection, the military judge may, as a matter of discretion, bring the matter to the attention of the parties and may, in the interest of justice, exclude the evidence without an objection by a party. Discussion The military judge should not exclude evidence which is not objected to by a party except in extraordinary circumstances. Counsel should be permitted to try the case and present the evidence without unnecessary interference by the military judge. See also Mil. R. Evid. 103.
(5) Reopening case. The military judge may, as a matter of discretion, permit a party to reopen its case after it has rested. Rule 914. Production of statements of witnesses ( a ) M o t i o n f o r p r o d u c t i o n . A f t e r a w i t n e s s o t h e r than the accused has testified on direct examination, the military judge, on motion of a party who did not call the witness, shall order the party who called the witness to produce, for examination and use by the moving party, any statement of the witness that relates to the subject matter concerning which the witness has testified, and that is: (1) In the case of a witness called by the trial counsel, in the possession of the United States; or (2) In the case of a witness called by the defense, in the possession of the accused or defense counsel. Discussion See also R.C.M. 701 (Discovery). Counsel should anticipate legitimate demands for statements under this and similar rules and avoid delays in the proceedings by voluntary disclosure before arraignment. This rule does not apply to investigations under Article 32. As to procedures for certain government information as to which a privilege is asserted, see Mil. R. Evid. 505; 506. (b) Production of entire statement. If the entire contents of the statement relate to the subject matter concerning which the witness has testified, the military judge shall order that the statement be delivered to the moving party. ( c ) P r o d u c t i o n o f e x c i s e d s t a t e m e n t . I f t h e p a r t y who called the witness claims that the statement contains matter that does not relate to the subject matter concerning which the witness has testified, the military judge shall order that it be delivered to t h e m i l i t a r y j u d g e . U p o n i n s p e c t i o n , t h e m i l i t a r y judge shall excise the portions of the statement that do not relate to the subject matter concerning which the witness has testified, and shall order that the statement, with such material excised, be delivered to the moving party. Any portion of a statement that is withheld from an accused over objection shall be preserved by the trial counsel, and, in the event of a conviction, shall be made available to the reviewing authorities for the purpose of determining the cor- R.C.M. 914A(a)(3) rectness of the decision to excise the portion of the statement. (d) Recess for examination of the statement. Upon delivery of the statement to the moving party, the military judge may recess the trial for the examination of the statement and preparation for its use in the trial. (e) Remedy for failure to produce statement. If the other party elects not to comply with an order to deliver a statement to the moving party, the military judge shall order that the testimony of the witness be disregarded by the trier of fact and that the trial proceed, or, if it is the trial counsel who elects not to comply, shall declare a mistrial if required in the interest of justice. (f) Definition. As used in this rule, a “statement” of a witness means: (1) A written statement made by the witness that is signed or otherwise adopted or approved by the witness; ( 2 ) A s u b s t a n t i a l l y v e r b a t i m r e c i t a l o f a n o r a l statement made by the witness that is recorded contemporaneously with the making of the oral statement and contained in a stenolineart, mechanical, electrical, or other recording or a transcription thereof; or (3) A statement, however taken or recorded, or a transcription thereof, made by the witness to a Federal grand jury. Rule 914A. Use of remote live testimony of a child (a) General procedures. A child shall be allowed to testify out of the presence of the accused after the military judge has determined that the requirements of Mil. R. Evid. 611(d)(3) have been satisfied. The procedure used to take such testimony will be determined by the military judge based upon the exigencies of the situation. At a minimum, the following procedures shall be observed: (1) The witness shall testify from a remote location outside the courtroom; (2) Attendance at the remote location shall be limited to the child, counsel for each side (not including an accused pro se), equipment operators, and other persons, such as an attendant for the child, whose presence is deemed necessary by the military judge; ( 3 ) S u f f i c i e n t m o n i t o r s s h a l l b e p l a c e d i n t h e II-107
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(5) Reopening case. The military judge may, as a<br />
matter of discretion, permit a party to reopen its case<br />
after it has rested.<br />
Rule 914. Production of statements of<br />
witnesses<br />
( a ) M o t i o n f o r p r o d u c t i o n . A f t e r a w i t n e s s o t h e r<br />
than the accused has testified on direct examination,<br />
the military judge, on motion of a party who did not<br />
call the witness, shall order the party who called the<br />
witness to produce, for examination and use by the<br />
moving party, any statement of the witness that relates<br />
to the subject matter concerning which the witness<br />
has testified, and that is:<br />
(1) In the case of a witness called by the trial<br />
counsel, in the possession of the United States; or<br />
(2) In the case of a witness called by the defense,<br />
in the possession of the accused or defense counsel.<br />
Discussion<br />
See also R.C.M. 701 (Discovery).<br />
Counsel should anticipate legitimate demands for statements<br />
under this and similar rules and avoid delays in the proceedings<br />
by voluntary disclosure before arraignment.<br />
This rule does not apply to investigations under Article 32.<br />
As to procedures for certain government information as to<br />
which a privilege is asserted, see Mil. R. Evid. 505; 506.<br />
(b) Production of entire statement. If the entire contents<br />
of the statement relate to the subject matter<br />
concerning which the witness has testified, the military<br />
judge shall order that the statement be delivered<br />
to the moving party.<br />
( c ) P r o d u c t i o n o f e x c i s e d s t a t e m e n t . I f t h e p a r t y<br />
who called the witness claims that the statement<br />
contains matter that does not relate to the subject<br />
matter concerning which the witness has testified,<br />
the military judge shall order that it be delivered to<br />
t h e m i l i t a r y j u d g e . U p o n i n s p e c t i o n , t h e m i l i t a r y<br />
judge shall excise the portions of the statement that<br />
do not relate to the subject matter concerning which<br />
the witness has testified, and shall order that the<br />
statement, with such material excised, be delivered<br />
to the moving party. Any portion of a statement that<br />
is withheld from an accused over objection shall be<br />
preserved by the trial counsel, and, in the event of a<br />
conviction, shall be made available to the reviewing<br />
authorities for the purpose of determining the cor-<br />
R.C.M. 914A(a)(3)<br />
rectness of the decision to excise the portion of the<br />
statement.<br />
(d) Recess for examination of the statement. Upon<br />
delivery of the statement to the moving party, the<br />
military judge may recess the trial for the examination<br />
of the statement and preparation for its use in<br />
the trial.<br />
(e) Remedy for failure to produce statement. If the<br />
other party elects not to comply with an order to<br />
deliver a statement to the moving party, the military<br />
judge shall order that the testimony of the witness be<br />
disregarded by the trier of fact and that the trial<br />
proceed, or, if it is the trial counsel who elects not to<br />
comply, shall declare a mistrial if required in the<br />
interest of justice.<br />
(f) Definition. As used in this rule, a “statement” of<br />
a witness means:<br />
(1) A written statement made by the witness that<br />
is signed or otherwise adopted or approved by the<br />
witness;<br />
( 2 ) A s u b s t a n t i a l l y v e r b a t i m r e c i t a l o f a n o r a l<br />
statement made by the witness that is recorded contemporaneously<br />
with the making of the oral statement<br />
and contained in a stenolineart, mechanical,<br />
electrical, or other recording or a transcription thereof;<br />
or<br />
(3) A statement, however taken or recorded, or a<br />
transcription thereof, made by the witness to a Federal<br />
grand jury.<br />
Rule 914A. Use of remote live testimony of a<br />
child<br />
(a) General procedures. A child shall be allowed to<br />
testify out of the presence of the accused after the<br />
military judge has determined that the requirements<br />
of Mil. R. Evid. 611(d)(3) have been satisfied. The<br />
procedure used to take such testimony will be determined<br />
by the military judge based upon the exigencies<br />
of the situation. At a minimum, the following<br />
procedures shall be observed:<br />
(1) The witness shall testify from a remote location<br />
outside the courtroom;<br />
(2) Attendance at the remote location shall be<br />
limited to the child, counsel for each side (not including<br />
an accused pro se), equipment operators, and<br />
other persons, such as an attendant for the child,<br />
whose presence is deemed necessary by the military<br />
judge;<br />
( 3 ) S u f f i c i e n t m o n i t o r s s h a l l b e p l a c e d i n t h e<br />
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