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in significant differences in size distributions (p0.05; x2 goodness of fit and K-S tests, respectively). The greatest x2 difference, 32.8%, was due to the size class >0.40 0.47mm, i.e., there were fewer adults of this size in non-patch samples. However, this result could alternatively be viewed as fewer juveniles in patches compared with non-patches (see Figure 8.1(ii)). 0.13- 0.20 >0.20 0.27 x 2 goodness of fit >0.30 >0.37 >0.40 0.37 0.40 0.47 >0.47 0.53 >0.53 P value K-S P value April 23.8 12.9 0.1 14.2 25.9 12.6 10.6
5th Mir width OW seu ger width (hm) 80 (v) December 1997- Patch samples 70 60 100 90 80 70 20 100 10 0 90 80 70 40 30 20 (i) April 1997- Patch samples n = 520 (ti) April 1997- Non-patch samples n = 280 5th setiger width (non) (vi) December 1997 - Non -patch samples 5th seugcr width (mm) n = 331 7c; ra. 18 16 14 12 to (iii) August 1997- Patch samples 5th sop, width (mdd (iv) August 1997 - Non-patch samples 5th scuger width (rnm) (vii) August 1998 - Patch samples 50, saw,' width (rnrm (viti) August 1998- Non -patch samples 5th scup( width (hm) n = 338 Figures 8.2(i-viii) : Size-frequency histograms of P. elegans in patch and non-patch samples for each sampling occasion, 'n' denotes the total number of individuals measured for each plot type. The size-frequency distributions of C. capitata in patch and non-patch samples are presented in Figures 8.3(i-ii). There were statistical differences between these two distributions (p=0.002, p
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AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROCESSES
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ABSTRACT The spionid polychaete Pyg
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to m
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Results. . 65 Size distribution of
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CHAPTER 9. GENERAL DISCUSSION . . 2
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Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 6.1 Fi
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Statistica
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BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A
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The scales of observation, or the s
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systematic sampling design to inves
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aised sediment within an otherwise
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Fauchald and Jumars (1979) describe
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Dalmeny House and sewage discharged
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E 7— E 6-ac. MHWS MHWN t co 4 —
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variance (TTLQV) techniques (see Lu
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analysis using Moran's and Geary's
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Holme and McIntyre (1984). Percenta
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Pattern Analysis - Grid Surveys Sur
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57 64 1=1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0
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Maps produced by kriging and other
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200 180 1160 140 100 1-3 80 g 60 c.
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2.5 1.5 0.5 0 3 T (i) % Silt/clay%
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v : m pattern Id pattern Ip pattern
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" v : m pattern Id pattern Ip patte
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The results show that at the smalle
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Nephtys hombergii's spatial distrib
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(vii) G. duebeni (ix) % Organic con
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8m survey - spatial patterns Figure
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(1) P. elegans (iii) L. conchilega
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a) Ts 1.4 0.6 u 0.2 -0.2 1.4 'E5 0.
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200m 150m 100m 50m (ix) C. edule 56
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73 ‘a• el 1.4 (ix) G. duebeni 1
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DISCUSSION The main aims of this st
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formed patches less than 1m2 and th
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stutchbutyi, at Wirroa island, New
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exhibited by the tube-building poly
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CHAPTER 3 THE POPULATION STRUCTURE
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Asexual reproduction by fragmentati
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METHODS Survey design - It has been
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RESULTS The species abundances in e
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corresponds to 44 setigers using Eq
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1 0000000 00 rg 0 00 d- - Xauanbau
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Reproductive activity of Pygospio e
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P. elegans larvae at Drum Sands hav
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Pygospio elegans showed great seaso
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Previous studies have produced simi
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The sole reliance on a planktonic m
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abundance are highly seasonal, were
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CHAPTER 4 THE EFFECTS OF MACROALGAL
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studies may have been completely di
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METHODS Study site - The exact posi
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1 C N W 4----111" 1.5m 2 NW C Contr
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sediment sampling, together with re
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RESULTS Species abundances - The me
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; 15 35 — 30 — 25 — 10 — 5
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statistical difference from net plo
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Pygospio elegans size distribution
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used, approximately equivalent to t
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artefacts associated with the metho
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present in high numbers around sewa
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lack, hydrogen sulphide-smelling se
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CHAPTER 5 THE EFFECTS OF MACROALGAL
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METHODS Survey design - During late
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The sediments could not be sampled
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RESULTS Species abundances - Table
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90 — 80 — "-e-' 70 — 60 — 4
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35 — *** 30 25 — 1.) = .-c‘l
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Pygospio elegans size distributions
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which is difficult to compare with
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eason why some invertebrates showed
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This study did not set out to expli
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This reliance upon the early establ
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CHAPTER 6 INITIAL COLONISATION OF D
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esulting community at any stage of
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ambient sediment had been removed.
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emoved since they were the only tax
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All statistics were performed using
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RESULTS Univariate analysis of spec
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3.5 3 5 2 11 5 1 0.5 0 40 35 Ca 30
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of non-patch areas (Figure 6.3(vi))
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the individuals colonising patch az
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Multivariate analysis of community
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Month Sample statistic (Global R) N
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2NP 3NP 4NP .•,, 6NP 5NP 6P 1NP i
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Figure 6.8: Two-dimensional MDS ord
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- - 5P ... 4P . 6P • .‘2NP 1NP
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I 50. 1 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. BRAY-C
Page 176 and 177: 'P2-AZ P3-AZ N2-AZ .- - - " .„ ..
Page 178 and 179: o • o -o + 350 — 300 = 250 7 g
Page 180 and 181: The importance of the ambient commu
Page 182 and 183: In April, when P. elegans larval av
Page 184 and 185: not only for errant polychaetes, bu
Page 186 and 187: observed in this study. How crucial
Page 188 and 189: Micro-scale spatial patterns of mac
Page 190 and 191: METHODS Experimental design - A pre
Page 192 and 193: study. These individuals would not
Page 194 and 195: RESULTS Pilot survey - The pilot su
Page 196 and 197: Transect survey - Micro-scale patte
Page 198 and 199: Month v:m ratio pattern Id pattern
Page 200 and 201: (i) March 1997, replicate 1 -iAlmiA
Page 202 and 203: (xix) October 1997, replicate 1 (ra
Page 204 and 205: The new recruits were only sufficie
Page 206 and 207: The results of correlation analyses
Page 208 and 209: cf.) . crt N ,—, Cr) C,1 ,—, Cr
Page 210 and 211: 1.2 -0.4 "a 0.8 > (i) % Water conte
Page 212 and 213: examine the micro-scale spatial pat
Page 214 and 215: Invertebrate larvae, those of polyc
Page 216 and 217: laboratory observations are needed
Page 218 and 219: CHAPTER 8 THE FAUNAL COMMUNITIES OF
Page 220 and 221: Other theories have been postulated
Page 222 and 223: RESULTS Univariate analysis of spec
Page 224 and 225: -T. g 80 g 50 40 30 20 10 (i) Adult
Page 228 and 229: 8.2). This was mainly because of th
Page 230 and 231: 120 100 80 60 - 40 20 0. cn1 c.n (i
Page 232 and 233: 3NP 6NP 4NP 1 NP 5NP 2NP : 3P 1P 6P
Page 234 and 235: 4P 3P 5P 5NP 6P 2P 1P Figure 8.8: T
Page 236 and 237: Figure 8.10 shows the dendrogram pr
Page 238 and 239: NP1 NP2 NP2 NP2 NP1 NP1 NP2 NP2 NP2
Page 240 and 241: Sediment water, organic and silt/cl
Page 242 and 243: 5 350 — 300 250 200 — ISO — 1
Page 244 and 245: abundances of P. ciliata had more d
Page 246 and 247: levels of silt/clay and organics. S
Page 248 and 249: 1973; Noji and Noji, 1991). Competi
Page 250 and 251: shown to consume up to 68% of a 0-g
Page 252 and 253: In Chapter 7 the micro-scale spatia
Page 254 and 255: and positions of patches. Consequen
Page 256 and 257: epresent those found establishing i
Page 258 and 259: distribution at the micro-scale. Ad
Page 260 and 261: provide a rich food source for deme
Page 262 and 263: Armonies W., 1988. Active emergence
Page 264 and 265: Cha M.W., in prep. Macroalgal mats
Page 266 and 267: Dobbs F.C. and Vozarik J.M., 1983.
Page 268 and 269: Flach E.C., 1996. The influence of
Page 270 and 271: Hall SI, Raffaeni D.G., Basford DJ.
Page 272 and 273: Keckler D., 1997. Surfer for Window
Page 274 and 275: Levin L.A. and Creed E.L., 1986. Ef
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Mileikovsky S.A., 1971. Types of la
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Ong B. and Krishnan S., 1995. Chang
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Raffaelli D.G., Hildrew A.G. and Gi
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Scheltema R.S., 1974. Biological in
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Soulsby P.G., Lowthion D., Houston
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McArdle B.H., Morrisey D., Schneide
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Wharfe J.R., 1977. An ecological su
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Zajac R.N. and Whitlatch R.B., 1982
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- C'e) oc0000mooF,o•-ooNtn-coo-00
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APPENDIX 1.2: SPECIES ABUNDANCES FR
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ON In co In ° ken n00000N---0g0N-.
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o m000eno,-0-. 0 0000en ,-. 0.-00 o
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APPENDIX 2: SPECIES ABUNDANCES FROM
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0.- CV N - , .- CI E.104 ..r cv g.,
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cv en 0 a .- ,- .- .- g c', ,- ,- g
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PI — — — Pi n — — - R., .
Page 308 and 309:
P . en .2 Co in ,.. ne .- cq . -- -
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