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3.5 3 5 2 11 5 1 0.5 0 40 35 Ca 30 — 25 Apnl (i) Adult P. cicgans August (iii) Total P. clegans • Patch ▪ Non-patch December • Patch 0 Non-patch Apnl August December (v) C. cdule • Patch 0 Non-patch Apnl August December 40 35 a 25 5 30 25 20 15 (vii) Oligochaetes • Patch 5 Apnl • Patch 0 Non-patch Apnl August December 2 0 Non-patch • (ii) Juvenile P. cicgans August (iv) C. capitata • Patch 0 Non-patch December Apnl August December (vi) M. balthica • Patch 0 Non-patch April August December Figures 6.2(i-vii): Mean faunal densities of the taxa sufficiently abundant for statistical analysis after 3 weeks colonisation of azoic sediments (± S.E. Mean, n=6). * Denotes a statistical difference between the means of patch and non-patch plots with p
Size-frequency analysis - Only 2 species were considered sufficiently abundant to carry out size-frequency measurements, these were P. elegans and C. capitata. The sizes of the bivalves C. edule and M. balthica were examined and it appeared that for both these species colonisation was via adults and that no differences between patches and non-patches were apparent. Figures 6.3(i-vi) show the size-frequencies of the P. elegans individuals after 3 weeks colonisation for each of the 3 experiments. In April, colonisation of azoic sediments in patches and non-patches produced similar size-frequency distributions (p=0.389, p>0.05; x2 goodness of fit and K-S tests, respectively; see Table 6.1(i)). Colonisation of azoic sediments occurred predominantly via larval settlement with very low numbers of adults appearing in the azoic sediments after 3 weeks, even within P. elegans patches. Since the size-frequency distributions of juveniles in the azoic sediments were very similar to those from ambient sediments at this time (see Chapter 8, Figure 8.2(i-ii)), the beginning of intense larval settlement at Drum Sands probably started at approximately the same time as the azoic sediments were implanted, i.e., 18th April 1997. In contrast to the results from April, in August there were statistical differences between the P. elegans size-frequencies in the patch and non-patch azoic samples (p=0.001, p
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AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROCESSES
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ABSTRACT The spionid polychaete Pyg
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to m
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Results. . 65 Size distribution of
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CHAPTER 9. GENERAL DISCUSSION . . 2
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Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 6.1 Fi
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Statistica
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BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A
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The scales of observation, or the s
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systematic sampling design to inves
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aised sediment within an otherwise
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Fauchald and Jumars (1979) describe
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Dalmeny House and sewage discharged
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E 7— E 6-ac. MHWS MHWN t co 4 —
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variance (TTLQV) techniques (see Lu
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analysis using Moran's and Geary's
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Holme and McIntyre (1984). Percenta
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Pattern Analysis - Grid Surveys Sur
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57 64 1=1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0
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Maps produced by kriging and other
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200 180 1160 140 100 1-3 80 g 60 c.
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2.5 1.5 0.5 0 3 T (i) % Silt/clay%
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v : m pattern Id pattern Ip pattern
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" v : m pattern Id pattern Ip patte
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The results show that at the smalle
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Nephtys hombergii's spatial distrib
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(vii) G. duebeni (ix) % Organic con
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8m survey - spatial patterns Figure
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(1) P. elegans (iii) L. conchilega
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a) Ts 1.4 0.6 u 0.2 -0.2 1.4 'E5 0.
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200m 150m 100m 50m (ix) C. edule 56
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73 ‘a• el 1.4 (ix) G. duebeni 1
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DISCUSSION The main aims of this st
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formed patches less than 1m2 and th
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stutchbutyi, at Wirroa island, New
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exhibited by the tube-building poly
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CHAPTER 3 THE POPULATION STRUCTURE
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Asexual reproduction by fragmentati
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METHODS Survey design - It has been
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RESULTS The species abundances in e
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corresponds to 44 setigers using Eq
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1 0000000 00 rg 0 00 d- - Xauanbau
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Reproductive activity of Pygospio e
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P. elegans larvae at Drum Sands hav
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Pygospio elegans showed great seaso
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Previous studies have produced simi
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The sole reliance on a planktonic m
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abundance are highly seasonal, were
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CHAPTER 4 THE EFFECTS OF MACROALGAL
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studies may have been completely di
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METHODS Study site - The exact posi
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1 C N W 4----111" 1.5m 2 NW C Contr
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sediment sampling, together with re
Page 108 and 109: RESULTS Species abundances - The me
Page 110 and 111: ; 15 35 — 30 — 25 — 10 — 5
Page 112 and 113: statistical difference from net plo
Page 114 and 115: Pygospio elegans size distribution
Page 116 and 117: used, approximately equivalent to t
Page 118 and 119: artefacts associated with the metho
Page 120 and 121: present in high numbers around sewa
Page 122 and 123: lack, hydrogen sulphide-smelling se
Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER 5 THE EFFECTS OF MACROALGAL
Page 126 and 127: METHODS Survey design - During late
Page 128 and 129: The sediments could not be sampled
Page 130 and 131: RESULTS Species abundances - Table
Page 132 and 133: 90 — 80 — "-e-' 70 — 60 — 4
Page 134 and 135: 35 — *** 30 25 — 1.) = .-c‘l
Page 136 and 137: Pygospio elegans size distributions
Page 138 and 139: which is difficult to compare with
Page 140 and 141: eason why some invertebrates showed
Page 142 and 143: This study did not set out to expli
Page 144 and 145: This reliance upon the early establ
Page 146 and 147: CHAPTER 6 INITIAL COLONISATION OF D
Page 148 and 149: esulting community at any stage of
Page 150 and 151: ambient sediment had been removed.
Page 152 and 153: emoved since they were the only tax
Page 154 and 155: All statistics were performed using
Page 156 and 157: RESULTS Univariate analysis of spec
Page 160 and 161: of non-patch areas (Figure 6.3(vi))
Page 162 and 163: the individuals colonising patch az
Page 164 and 165: Multivariate analysis of community
Page 166 and 167: Month Sample statistic (Global R) N
Page 168 and 169: 2NP 3NP 4NP .•,, 6NP 5NP 6P 1NP i
Page 170 and 171: Figure 6.8: Two-dimensional MDS ord
Page 172 and 173: - - 5P ... 4P . 6P • .‘2NP 1NP
Page 174 and 175: I 50. 1 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. BRAY-C
Page 176 and 177: 'P2-AZ P3-AZ N2-AZ .- - - " .„ ..
Page 178 and 179: o • o -o + 350 — 300 = 250 7 g
Page 180 and 181: The importance of the ambient commu
Page 182 and 183: In April, when P. elegans larval av
Page 184 and 185: not only for errant polychaetes, bu
Page 186 and 187: observed in this study. How crucial
Page 188 and 189: Micro-scale spatial patterns of mac
Page 190 and 191: METHODS Experimental design - A pre
Page 192 and 193: study. These individuals would not
Page 194 and 195: RESULTS Pilot survey - The pilot su
Page 196 and 197: Transect survey - Micro-scale patte
Page 198 and 199: Month v:m ratio pattern Id pattern
Page 200 and 201: (i) March 1997, replicate 1 -iAlmiA
Page 202 and 203: (xix) October 1997, replicate 1 (ra
Page 204 and 205: The new recruits were only sufficie
Page 206 and 207: The results of correlation analyses
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cf.) . crt N ,—, Cr) C,1 ,—, Cr
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1.2 -0.4 "a 0.8 > (i) % Water conte
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examine the micro-scale spatial pat
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Invertebrate larvae, those of polyc
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laboratory observations are needed
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CHAPTER 8 THE FAUNAL COMMUNITIES OF
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Other theories have been postulated
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RESULTS Univariate analysis of spec
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-T. g 80 g 50 40 30 20 10 (i) Adult
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in significant differences in size
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8.2). This was mainly because of th
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120 100 80 60 - 40 20 0. cn1 c.n (i
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3NP 6NP 4NP 1 NP 5NP 2NP : 3P 1P 6P
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4P 3P 5P 5NP 6P 2P 1P Figure 8.8: T
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Figure 8.10 shows the dendrogram pr
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NP1 NP2 NP2 NP2 NP1 NP1 NP2 NP2 NP2
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Sediment water, organic and silt/cl
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5 350 — 300 250 200 — ISO — 1
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abundances of P. ciliata had more d
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levels of silt/clay and organics. S
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1973; Noji and Noji, 1991). Competi
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shown to consume up to 68% of a 0-g
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In Chapter 7 the micro-scale spatia
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and positions of patches. Consequen
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epresent those found establishing i
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distribution at the micro-scale. Ad
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provide a rich food source for deme
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Armonies W., 1988. Active emergence
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Cha M.W., in prep. Macroalgal mats
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Dobbs F.C. and Vozarik J.M., 1983.
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Flach E.C., 1996. The influence of
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Hall SI, Raffaeni D.G., Basford DJ.
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Keckler D., 1997. Surfer for Window
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Levin L.A. and Creed E.L., 1986. Ef
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Mileikovsky S.A., 1971. Types of la
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Ong B. and Krishnan S., 1995. Chang
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Raffaelli D.G., Hildrew A.G. and Gi
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Scheltema R.S., 1974. Biological in
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Soulsby P.G., Lowthion D., Houston
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McArdle B.H., Morrisey D., Schneide
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Wharfe J.R., 1977. An ecological su
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Zajac R.N. and Whitlatch R.B., 1982
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- C'e) oc0000mooF,o•-ooNtn-coo-00
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APPENDIX 1.2: SPECIES ABUNDANCES FR
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ON In co In ° ken n00000N---0g0N-.
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o m000eno,-0-. 0 0000en ,-. 0.-00 o
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APPENDIX 2: SPECIES ABUNDANCES FROM
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0.- CV N - , .- CI E.104 ..r cv g.,
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cv en 0 a .- ,- .- .- g c', ,- ,- g
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PI — — — Pi n — — - R., .
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P . en .2 Co in ,.. ne .- cq . -- -
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