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; 15 35 — 30 — 25 — 10 — 5 — 0 50 — 40 — 3(:) 20 10 — 0 ( i ) Initial • Control El Net DWeed P. elcgans C. cdul M. balthica C. capitata oligochactes P. elcgans P. eke ns (ii) 6 Weeks C. cdule (iii) 20 Weeks M. balthica 90.2 1€3 * •Control El Net El Weed C. capitata Gammaru spp. oligochactcs •Control DNet El Weed * + ICI: SITI1 I ===_.._. I--I—MI I I rf C. cdule M. balthica C. capitata oligochaetes A. mucosa Smaninensis Gammarus Figures 4.3(i-iii) : Mean abundances per core for initial, 6 week and 20 week results (± S.E.Mean, n=6). * Denotes a statistical difference from net plot values using One- way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison test at 5% level of significance. 95 sPP• 1
25 — 20 — 5 — 30 — 25 — 20 — 15 — 10 — 5 — 30 — 25 — 20 — 15 — 10 — 5 — % Water % Water (i) Initial (ii) 6 Weeks (iii) 20 Weeks ,T1flT1 , I % Organics % Silt/clay Md phi • Control 0 Net Weed _rl I_ , U1E171 % Organics % Silt/clay Md phi Sort. coeff. • Control 0 Net 0 Weed % Water % Organics % Silt/clay Md phi Sort. coeff. • Control CI Net 0 Weed Sort. coeff. Figures 4.4(i-iii) : Sediment water, organic and silt/clay contents and granulometry results for initial values, and after 6 and 20 weeks (± S.E.Mean, n=6). * Denotes a I I
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AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROCESSES
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ABSTRACT The spionid polychaete Pyg
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to m
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Results. . 65 Size distribution of
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CHAPTER 9. GENERAL DISCUSSION . . 2
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Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 6.1 Fi
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Statistica
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BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A
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The scales of observation, or the s
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systematic sampling design to inves
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aised sediment within an otherwise
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Fauchald and Jumars (1979) describe
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Dalmeny House and sewage discharged
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E 7— E 6-ac. MHWS MHWN t co 4 —
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variance (TTLQV) techniques (see Lu
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analysis using Moran's and Geary's
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Holme and McIntyre (1984). Percenta
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Pattern Analysis - Grid Surveys Sur
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57 64 1=1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0
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Maps produced by kriging and other
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200 180 1160 140 100 1-3 80 g 60 c.
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2.5 1.5 0.5 0 3 T (i) % Silt/clay%
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v : m pattern Id pattern Ip pattern
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" v : m pattern Id pattern Ip patte
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The results show that at the smalle
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Nephtys hombergii's spatial distrib
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(vii) G. duebeni (ix) % Organic con
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8m survey - spatial patterns Figure
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(1) P. elegans (iii) L. conchilega
Page 60 and 61: a) Ts 1.4 0.6 u 0.2 -0.2 1.4 'E5 0.
Page 62 and 63: 200m 150m 100m 50m (ix) C. edule 56
Page 64 and 65: 73 ‘a• el 1.4 (ix) G. duebeni 1
Page 66 and 67: DISCUSSION The main aims of this st
Page 68 and 69: formed patches less than 1m2 and th
Page 70 and 71: stutchbutyi, at Wirroa island, New
Page 72 and 73: exhibited by the tube-building poly
Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER 3 THE POPULATION STRUCTURE
Page 76 and 77: Asexual reproduction by fragmentati
Page 78 and 79: METHODS Survey design - It has been
Page 80 and 81: RESULTS The species abundances in e
Page 82 and 83: corresponds to 44 setigers using Eq
Page 84 and 85: 1 0000000 00 rg 0 00 d- - Xauanbau
Page 86 and 87: Reproductive activity of Pygospio e
Page 88 and 89: P. elegans larvae at Drum Sands hav
Page 90 and 91: Pygospio elegans showed great seaso
Page 92 and 93: Previous studies have produced simi
Page 94 and 95: The sole reliance on a planktonic m
Page 96 and 97: abundance are highly seasonal, were
Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER 4 THE EFFECTS OF MACROALGAL
Page 100 and 101: studies may have been completely di
Page 102 and 103: METHODS Study site - The exact posi
Page 104 and 105: 1 C N W 4----111" 1.5m 2 NW C Contr
Page 106 and 107: sediment sampling, together with re
Page 108 and 109: RESULTS Species abundances - The me
Page 112 and 113: statistical difference from net plo
Page 114 and 115: Pygospio elegans size distribution
Page 116 and 117: used, approximately equivalent to t
Page 118 and 119: artefacts associated with the metho
Page 120 and 121: present in high numbers around sewa
Page 122 and 123: lack, hydrogen sulphide-smelling se
Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER 5 THE EFFECTS OF MACROALGAL
Page 126 and 127: METHODS Survey design - During late
Page 128 and 129: The sediments could not be sampled
Page 130 and 131: RESULTS Species abundances - Table
Page 132 and 133: 90 — 80 — "-e-' 70 — 60 — 4
Page 134 and 135: 35 — *** 30 25 — 1.) = .-c‘l
Page 136 and 137: Pygospio elegans size distributions
Page 138 and 139: which is difficult to compare with
Page 140 and 141: eason why some invertebrates showed
Page 142 and 143: This study did not set out to expli
Page 144 and 145: This reliance upon the early establ
Page 146 and 147: CHAPTER 6 INITIAL COLONISATION OF D
Page 148 and 149: esulting community at any stage of
Page 150 and 151: ambient sediment had been removed.
Page 152 and 153: emoved since they were the only tax
Page 154 and 155: All statistics were performed using
Page 156 and 157: RESULTS Univariate analysis of spec
Page 158 and 159: 3.5 3 5 2 11 5 1 0.5 0 40 35 Ca 30
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of non-patch areas (Figure 6.3(vi))
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the individuals colonising patch az
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Multivariate analysis of community
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Month Sample statistic (Global R) N
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2NP 3NP 4NP .•,, 6NP 5NP 6P 1NP i
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Figure 6.8: Two-dimensional MDS ord
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- - 5P ... 4P . 6P • .‘2NP 1NP
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I 50. 1 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. BRAY-C
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'P2-AZ P3-AZ N2-AZ .- - - " .„ ..
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o • o -o + 350 — 300 = 250 7 g
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The importance of the ambient commu
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In April, when P. elegans larval av
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not only for errant polychaetes, bu
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observed in this study. How crucial
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Micro-scale spatial patterns of mac
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METHODS Experimental design - A pre
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study. These individuals would not
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RESULTS Pilot survey - The pilot su
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Transect survey - Micro-scale patte
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Month v:m ratio pattern Id pattern
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(i) March 1997, replicate 1 -iAlmiA
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(xix) October 1997, replicate 1 (ra
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The new recruits were only sufficie
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The results of correlation analyses
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cf.) . crt N ,—, Cr) C,1 ,—, Cr
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1.2 -0.4 "a 0.8 > (i) % Water conte
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examine the micro-scale spatial pat
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Invertebrate larvae, those of polyc
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laboratory observations are needed
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CHAPTER 8 THE FAUNAL COMMUNITIES OF
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Other theories have been postulated
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RESULTS Univariate analysis of spec
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-T. g 80 g 50 40 30 20 10 (i) Adult
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in significant differences in size
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8.2). This was mainly because of th
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120 100 80 60 - 40 20 0. cn1 c.n (i
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3NP 6NP 4NP 1 NP 5NP 2NP : 3P 1P 6P
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4P 3P 5P 5NP 6P 2P 1P Figure 8.8: T
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Figure 8.10 shows the dendrogram pr
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NP1 NP2 NP2 NP2 NP1 NP1 NP2 NP2 NP2
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Sediment water, organic and silt/cl
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5 350 — 300 250 200 — ISO — 1
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abundances of P. ciliata had more d
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levels of silt/clay and organics. S
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1973; Noji and Noji, 1991). Competi
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shown to consume up to 68% of a 0-g
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In Chapter 7 the micro-scale spatia
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and positions of patches. Consequen
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epresent those found establishing i
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distribution at the micro-scale. Ad
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provide a rich food source for deme
Page 262 and 263:
Armonies W., 1988. Active emergence
Page 264 and 265:
Cha M.W., in prep. Macroalgal mats
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Dobbs F.C. and Vozarik J.M., 1983.
Page 268 and 269:
Flach E.C., 1996. The influence of
Page 270 and 271:
Hall SI, Raffaeni D.G., Basford DJ.
Page 272 and 273:
Keckler D., 1997. Surfer for Window
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Levin L.A. and Creed E.L., 1986. Ef
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Mileikovsky S.A., 1971. Types of la
Page 278 and 279:
Ong B. and Krishnan S., 1995. Chang
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Raffaelli D.G., Hildrew A.G. and Gi
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Scheltema R.S., 1974. Biological in
Page 284 and 285:
Soulsby P.G., Lowthion D., Houston
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McArdle B.H., Morrisey D., Schneide
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Wharfe J.R., 1977. An ecological su
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Zajac R.N. and Whitlatch R.B., 1982
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- C'e) oc0000mooF,o•-ooNtn-coo-00
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APPENDIX 1.2: SPECIES ABUNDANCES FR
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ON In co In ° ken n00000N---0g0N-.
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o m000eno,-0-. 0 0000en ,-. 0.-00 o
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APPENDIX 2: SPECIES ABUNDANCES FROM
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0.- CV N - , .- CI E.104 ..r cv g.,
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cv en 0 a .- ,- .- .- g c', ,- ,- g
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PI — — — Pi n — — - R., .
Page 308 and 309:
P . en .2 Co in ,.. ne .- cq . -- -
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