THESIS APPROVAL

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small with the range decreasing from 2.86% to 0.43%. The decline of naphthalene in the sediment from this study corresponded to the release and transfer of naphthalene from sediment to water and worm, respectively. Table 15 Change in naphthalene concentration in the different compartments during the bioaccumulation period. Duration (h) Change in naphthalene concentrations (%) Sediment Water Worm 0 100.00 - - 24 64.73 27.89 2.86 48 48.99 40.41 1.85 72 30.89 61.80 1.46 96 5.89 88.61 0.43 5.2 Trophic Transfer of Naphthalene in an Aquatic Food Chain Throughout the trophic transfer experiment, mortality and other toxic effects were not observed in the fingerlings of the treatment and the control units. Background naphthalene concentration in fish determined prior to experiment was not detected from this study. During the 12 h exposed period, the result showed that fish in T-A and T-B bioaccumulated naphthalene in their tissues (Figure 36). In T-A, the residue gradually increased after 2 h of the exposure with the highest peak at 6 h, and dramatically decreased after 8 h until the end of exposure. The average residue in T-A was ranged between 1.40±0.07 and 12.28±0.98 µg/g dwt. On the contrary with T-B, fish residues changed with the same trend as found in T-A except the second increase of tissue concentration when the time reached 12 exposed hours. The highest concentration was 11.66±1.10 µg/g dwt at 6 h exposure, followed by 10.52±0.57 and 9.98±0.46 µg/g dwt after 8 and 12 h of the experiment, respectively. Statistical 84
analysis from two-factor ANOVA showed significant difference of fish tissue concentrations compared between T-A and T-B, accompanied with the comparison at each of the exposure time (p
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THESIS APPROVAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, KA
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Warucha Kanchana-Aksorn 2009: Use o
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CON
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Pa
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Appendix
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Aquat
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
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USE OF FRESHWATER OLIGOCHAETE (LIMN
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At this stage, laboratory study on
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LITERATURE REVIEW Methodology of To
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through development, such as hatchi
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ange of 0.15-1.5 is thus expected p
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on microcustaceans, insect larvae a
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Figure 4 Budding in oligochaete sho
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Thalassodrilus, Clitellio, Adelodri
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Figure 7 Tail protrusion and swayin
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Figure 8 Chemical structures of six
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oil and asphalt may contain several
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several PAHs in water and sediment,
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5. Transformation by Microorganisms
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et al., 2005), while in shore crabs
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7. Toxic Effects in Aquatic Organis
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Table 6 (Continued) PAHs Species LC
Page 47 and 48: their exposure to digestive fluids
Page 49 and 50: during the sediment aging process,
Page 51 and 52: Changes in bottom sediment in the l
Page 53 and 54: 1. Instruments MATERIALS AND METHOD
Page 55 and 56: the technique of mitochondrial 16s
Page 57 and 58: 2. Investigation on the Morphologic
Page 59 and 60: and no worms placed to the sediment
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Data Analysis All values were r
Page 63 and 64: Table 9). Spiked sediment was subsa
Page 65 and 66: Sediment avoidance in ij = (Σ anim
Page 67 and 68: 3) Test Conditions The bioaccumulat
Page 69 and 70: uptake of naphthalene into fish, an
Page 71 and 72: 4) Exposure Study Trophic transfer
Page 73 and 74: performed with 20 ml extraction flu
Page 75 and 76: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results 1. B
Page 77 and 78: Figure 13 Morphological features of
Page 79 and 80: Living style of L. hoffmeisteri was
Page 81 and 82: Figure 17 Feeding behavior of L. ho
Page 83 and 84: worms in this old class whereas a l
Page 85 and 86: No. of ind No. of ind No. of ind No
Page 87 and 88: Figure 23 Adult worm (3.0-3.5 cm) i
Page 89 and 90: 3.4 Relationship between Oligochaet
Page 91 and 92: Table 14 Lethal and sublethal effec
Page 93 and 94: Figure 29 Mortality of L. hoffmeist
Page 95 and 96: ioaccumulation test, respectively (
Page 97: Concentration (ug/g dwt) 2000 1500
Page 101 and 102: sediment particles and accumulated
Page 103 and 104: undulatory swimming. Also, the peri
Page 105 and 106: The existence of L. hoffmeisteri in
Page 107 and 108: Lumbriculus variegatus ceased at le
Page 109 and 110: low level of DO had thoroughly occu
Page 111 and 112: in water, and thus is available for
Page 113 and 114: (1988) who investigated subacute re
Page 115 and 116: pollutants in aquatic ecosystems (M
Page 117 and 118: et al., 1994b), in dosed sediments
Page 119 and 120: (1997) said that naphthalene is mod
Page 121 and 122: 107 various studies showed that fis
Page 123 and 124: (Dobroski and Epifano, 1980; Wolfe
Page 125 and 126: 111 experiment, indicated the repro
Page 127 and 128: Recommendations 1. Limnodrilus hoff
Page 129 and 130: Anderson, J. W., J. M. Neff, B. A.
Page 131 and 132: Bender, M. E. and R. J. Huggett. 19
Page 133 and 134: Broman, D., A. Colmjo and C. Naf. 1
Page 135 and 136: Collado, R. and R. M. Schmelz. 2001
Page 137 and 138: Driscoll, K. S. B. and A. E. McElro
Page 139 and 140: Fromm, P. O. and R. C. Hunter. 1969
Page 141 and 142: Harrel, R. and S. T. Smith. 2002. M
Page 143 and 144: James, M. O. 1989. Biotransformatio
Page 145 and 146: Khan, A. N., D. Kamal, M. M. Mahmud
Page 147 and 148: Lee, H. 1992. Models, muddles and m
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Lotufo, G. R. 1998. Lethal and subl
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McElroy, A. E., B. W. Tripp, J. W.
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Neff, J. M. 1979. Polycyclic Aromat
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Pearson, W. H. and B. L. Olla. 1980
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143 Reichert, W. L., B-T. LeEberhar
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Sarin, C. 1994. Distribution of Ali
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Suedel, B. C., J. A. Boraczek, R. K
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Watanabe, K. H., H. Lin, H. L. Bart
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Yoshioka, Y and Y. Ose. 1993. A qua
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Appendix A Methods of Preparation a
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Dilution of Spiked Sediment 155 The
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Naphthalene Standard Calibration Cu
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Appendix Figure A2 HPLC chromatogra
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Calculation of Naphthalene Concentr
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Appendix Table B1 Characteristics o
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Appendix Table B5 Length-class of L
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Appendix Table B7 Length-class of L
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Appendix Table B10 Acute toxicity o
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Appendix Table B12 Sublethal toxici
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Appendix Table B13 (Continued) Dura
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Appendix Table B15 Naphthalene in t
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177 Appendix Table B17 Naphthalene
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179 Appendix Table B18 Naphthalene
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Appendix C Data Analysis 181
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Appendix Table C3 Two-factor ANOVA
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Probit Analysis of Mortality Equati
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Probit Analysis of Autotomy Equatio
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Probit Analysis of Sediment Avoidan
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