THESIS APPROVAL

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No. of ind (ind/beaker) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 7 14 21 Duration (d) 28 35 42 E-WL E-WH E-WN Figure 18 Number of individual of L. hoffmeisteri in E-WL, E-WH and E-WN. Weight (g wwt/beaker) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 7 14 21 Duration (d) 28 35 42 E-WL E-WH E-WN Figure 19 Weight of L. hoffmeisteri in E-WL, E-WH and E-WN. Length frequency of L. hoffmeisteri of E-WL, E-WH and E-WN was recorded as shown in Figure 20, 21 and 22, respectively. Size of the worms was categorized into 4 length classes varying from 0.3-0.5, 1.0-1.5, 2.0-2.5 and 3.0-3.5 cm. Immature worms established at the start of the experiment were categorized in the length class of 2.0-2.5 cm. In E-WH, the result showed a small number of individual 68
worms in this old class whereas a large number of big and long in size of adult group (3.0-3.5 cm) was rather present when growth and reproduction were determined around 35-42 days of the experiment (Figure 23). In addition, sign of reproduction was obviously noticed due to the occurrence of a few numbers of tiny and newly hatched worms (0.3-0.5 cm) in E-WH (Figure 24), while such condition was not found in E-WL and E-WN. However, either indication of sexual maturity or evidence of cocoon production was not observed. 3.2 Total Organic Matter of the Sediments Mean TOM of the sediment in the test vessels were shown in Figure 25. In E-NH, the levels of TOM were slowly increased from the start (0 d) through the end (42 d) of the experiment. The levels of organic matter were between 1.84±0.06 and 2.64±0.03%. On the contrary of E-WH with L. hoffmeisteri colonies, the levels of organic matter of the sediment slightly increased and kept constant from 1.83±0.13 to 2.27±0.02% until 28 d, and these levels were obviously decreased from 35 d to 42 d after the start of the experiment to the level of 1.83±0.04%. Mean percentage of organic matter thoroughly measured the experiment in E-NH (2.37±0.27%) was significantly higher than that of E-WH (2.10±0.19%). Two-factor ANOVA estimated the difference of TOM of the sediments in each of the test duration (7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 d) was also shown significantly (p
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THESIS APPROVAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, KA
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Warucha Kanchana-Aksorn 2009: Use o
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CON
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Pa
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Appendix
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Aquat
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
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USE OF FRESHWATER OLIGOCHAETE (LIMN
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At this stage, laboratory study on
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LITERATURE REVIEW Methodology of To
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through development, such as hatchi
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ange of 0.15-1.5 is thus expected p
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on microcustaceans, insect larvae a
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Figure 4 Budding in oligochaete sho
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Thalassodrilus, Clitellio, Adelodri
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7 Tail protrusion and swayin
Page 33 and 34: Figure 8 Chemical structures of six
Page 35 and 36: oil and asphalt may contain several
Page 37 and 38: several PAHs in water and sediment,
Page 39 and 40: 5. Transformation by Microorganisms
Page 41 and 42: et al., 2005), while in shore crabs
Page 43 and 44: 7. Toxic Effects in Aquatic Organis
Page 45 and 46: Table 6 (Continued) PAHs Species LC
Page 47 and 48: their exposure to digestive fluids
Page 49 and 50: during the sediment aging process,
Page 51 and 52: Changes in bottom sediment in the l
Page 53 and 54: 1. Instruments MATERIALS AND METHOD
Page 55 and 56: the technique of mitochondrial 16s
Page 57 and 58: 2. Investigation on the Morphologic
Page 59 and 60: and no worms placed to the sediment
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Data Analysis All values were r
Page 63 and 64: Table 9). Spiked sediment was subsa
Page 65 and 66: Sediment avoidance in ij = (Σ anim
Page 67 and 68: 3) Test Conditions The bioaccumulat
Page 69 and 70: uptake of naphthalene into fish, an
Page 71 and 72: 4) Exposure Study Trophic transfer
Page 73 and 74: performed with 20 ml extraction flu
Page 75 and 76: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results 1. B
Page 77 and 78: Figure 13 Morphological features of
Page 79 and 80: Living style of L. hoffmeisteri was
Page 81: Figure 17 Feeding behavior of L. ho
Page 85 and 86: No. of ind No. of ind No. of ind No
Page 87 and 88: Figure 23 Adult worm (3.0-3.5 cm) i
Page 89 and 90: 3.4 Relationship between Oligochaet
Page 91 and 92: Table 14 Lethal and sublethal effec
Page 93 and 94: Figure 29 Mortality of L. hoffmeist
Page 95 and 96: ioaccumulation test, respectively (
Page 97 and 98: Concentration (ug/g dwt) 2000 1500
Page 99 and 100: analysis from two-factor ANOVA show
Page 101 and 102: sediment particles and accumulated
Page 103 and 104: undulatory swimming. Also, the peri
Page 105 and 106: The existence of L. hoffmeisteri in
Page 107 and 108: Lumbriculus variegatus ceased at le
Page 109 and 110: low level of DO had thoroughly occu
Page 111 and 112: in water, and thus is available for
Page 113 and 114: (1988) who investigated subacute re
Page 115 and 116: pollutants in aquatic ecosystems (M
Page 117 and 118: et al., 1994b), in dosed sediments
Page 119 and 120: (1997) said that naphthalene is mod
Page 121 and 122: 107 various studies showed that fis
Page 123 and 124: (Dobroski and Epifano, 1980; Wolfe
Page 125 and 126: 111 experiment, indicated the repro
Page 127 and 128: Recommendations 1. Limnodrilus hoff
Page 129 and 130: Anderson, J. W., J. M. Neff, B. A.
Page 131 and 132: Bender, M. E. and R. J. Huggett. 19
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Broman, D., A. Colmjo and C. Naf. 1
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Collado, R. and R. M. Schmelz. 2001
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Driscoll, K. S. B. and A. E. McElro
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Fromm, P. O. and R. C. Hunter. 1969
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Harrel, R. and S. T. Smith. 2002. M
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James, M. O. 1989. Biotransformatio
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Khan, A. N., D. Kamal, M. M. Mahmud
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Lee, H. 1992. Models, muddles and m
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Lotufo, G. R. 1998. Lethal and subl
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McElroy, A. E., B. W. Tripp, J. W.
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Neff, J. M. 1979. Polycyclic Aromat
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Pearson, W. H. and B. L. Olla. 1980
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143 Reichert, W. L., B-T. LeEberhar
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Sarin, C. 1994. Distribution of Ali
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Suedel, B. C., J. A. Boraczek, R. K
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Watanabe, K. H., H. Lin, H. L. Bart
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Yoshioka, Y and Y. Ose. 1993. A qua
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Appendix A Methods of Preparation a
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Dilution of Spiked Sediment 155 The
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Naphthalene Standard Calibration Cu
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Appendix Figure A2 HPLC chromatogra
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Calculation of Naphthalene Concentr
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Appendix Table B1 Characteristics o
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Appendix Table B5 Length-class of L
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Appendix Table B7 Length-class of L
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Appendix Table B10 Acute toxicity o
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Appendix Table B12 Sublethal toxici
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Appendix Table B13 (Continued) Dura
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Appendix Table B15 Naphthalene in t
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177 Appendix Table B17 Naphthalene
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179 Appendix Table B18 Naphthalene
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Appendix C Data Analysis 181
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Appendix Table C3 Two-factor ANOVA
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Page 201 and 202:
Probit Analysis of Mortality Equati
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Probit Analysis of Autotomy Equatio
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Probit Analysis of Sediment Avoidan
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THESIS APPROVAL

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