THESIS APPROVAL

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LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Appendix Table Page B10 Acute toxicity of naphthalene contaminated-sediment to L. hoffmeisteri expressed as mortality (ind/beaker) 169 B11 Sublethal toxicity of naphthalene contaminated-sediment to L. hoffmeisteri expressed as autotomy (ind/beaker) 170 B12 Sublethal toxicity of naphthalene contaminated-sediment to L. hoffmeisteri expressed as sediment avoidance (ind/beaker) 171 B13 Naphthalene in the sediment from the study on the bioaccumulation of sediment-associated naphthalene in L. hoffmeisteri 172 B14 Naphthalene in the overlying water from the study on the bioaccumulation of sediment-associated naphthalene in L. hoffmeisteri 174 B15 Naphthalene in the oligochaete tissue from the study on the bioaccumulation of sediment-associated naphthalene in L. hoffmeisteri 175 B16 BAF values determined from the study on the bioaccumulation of sediment-associated naphthalene in L. hoffmeisteri 176 B17 Naphthalene in the fingerling muscle from the study on trophic transfer of naphthalene via the oligochaete diet (T-A) 177 B18 Naphthalene in the fingerling muscle from the study on trophic transfer of naphthalene via the oligochaete diet (T-B) 179 C1 Two-factor ANOVA determined in mean number of individual of oligochaete between level of food addition (E-WL, E-WH, E-WN) and test duration (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 d) 182 C2 S-N-K test of mean number of individual of oligochaete compared at each level of food addition(E-WL, E-WH, E-WN) 182 C3 Two-factor ANOVA determined in average weight of oligochaete between level of food addition (E-WL, E-WH, E-WN) and test duration (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 d) 183 iv
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Appendix Table Page C4 S-N-K test of average weight of oligochaete compared at each level of food addition (E-WL, E-WH, E-WN) 183 C5 Two-factor ANOVA determined in average TOM of the sediment between present of worm (E-WH, E-NH) and test duration (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 d) 184 C6 S-N-K test of average TOM of the sediment compared between present of worm (E-WH) and absent of worm (E-NH) C7 Two-factor ANOVA determined in average DO of the 184 overlying water between present of worm (E-WH, E-NH) and test duration (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 d) 185 C8 S-N-K test of average DO of the overlying water compared between present of worm (E-WH) and absent of worm (E-NH) C9 Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and significant level (p
Page 1 and 2: THESIS APPROVAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, KA
Page 3 and 4: Warucha Kanchana-Aksorn 2009: Use o
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CON
Page 7: LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Pa
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Aquat
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
Page 15 and 16: USE OF FRESHWATER OLIGOCHAETE (LIMN
Page 17 and 18: At this stage, laboratory study on
Page 19 and 20: LITERATURE REVIEW Methodology of To
Page 21 and 22: through development, such as hatchi
Page 23 and 24: ange of 0.15-1.5 is thus expected p
Page 25 and 26: on microcustaceans, insect larvae a
Page 27 and 28: Figure 4 Budding in oligochaete sho
Page 29 and 30: Thalassodrilus, Clitellio, Adelodri
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7 Tail protrusion and swayin
Page 33 and 34: Figure 8 Chemical structures of six
Page 35 and 36: oil and asphalt may contain several
Page 37 and 38: several PAHs in water and sediment,
Page 39 and 40: 5. Transformation by Microorganisms
Page 41 and 42: et al., 2005), while in shore crabs
Page 43 and 44: 7. Toxic Effects in Aquatic Organis
Page 45 and 46: Table 6 (Continued) PAHs Species LC
Page 47 and 48: their exposure to digestive fluids
Page 49 and 50: during the sediment aging process,
Page 51 and 52: Changes in bottom sediment in the l
Page 53 and 54: 1. Instruments MATERIALS AND METHOD
Page 55 and 56: the technique of mitochondrial 16s
Page 57 and 58: 2. Investigation on the Morphologic
Page 59 and 60:
and no worms placed to the sediment
Page 61 and 62:
3.4 Data Analysis All values were r
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Table 9). Spiked sediment was subsa
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Sediment avoidance in ij = (Σ anim
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3) Test Conditions The bioaccumulat
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uptake of naphthalene into fish, an
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4) Exposure Study Trophic transfer
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performed with 20 ml extraction flu
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results 1. B
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Figure 13 Morphological features of
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Living style of L. hoffmeisteri was
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Figure 17 Feeding behavior of L. ho
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worms in this old class whereas a l
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No. of ind No. of ind No. of ind No
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Figure 23 Adult worm (3.0-3.5 cm) i
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3.4 Relationship between Oligochaet
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Table 14 Lethal and sublethal effec
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Figure 29 Mortality of L. hoffmeist
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ioaccumulation test, respectively (
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Concentration (ug/g dwt) 2000 1500
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analysis from two-factor ANOVA show
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sediment particles and accumulated
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undulatory swimming. Also, the peri
Page 105 and 106:
The existence of L. hoffmeisteri in
Page 107 and 108:
Lumbriculus variegatus ceased at le
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low level of DO had thoroughly occu
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in water, and thus is available for
Page 113 and 114:
(1988) who investigated subacute re
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pollutants in aquatic ecosystems (M
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et al., 1994b), in dosed sediments
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(1997) said that naphthalene is mod
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107 various studies showed that fis
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(Dobroski and Epifano, 1980; Wolfe
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111 experiment, indicated the repro
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Recommendations 1. Limnodrilus hoff
Page 129 and 130:
Anderson, J. W., J. M. Neff, B. A.
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Bender, M. E. and R. J. Huggett. 19
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Broman, D., A. Colmjo and C. Naf. 1
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Collado, R. and R. M. Schmelz. 2001
Page 137 and 138:
Driscoll, K. S. B. and A. E. McElro
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Fromm, P. O. and R. C. Hunter. 1969
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Harrel, R. and S. T. Smith. 2002. M
Page 143 and 144:
James, M. O. 1989. Biotransformatio
Page 145 and 146:
Khan, A. N., D. Kamal, M. M. Mahmud
Page 147 and 148:
Lee, H. 1992. Models, muddles and m
Page 149 and 150:
Lotufo, G. R. 1998. Lethal and subl
Page 151 and 152:
McElroy, A. E., B. W. Tripp, J. W.
Page 153 and 154:
Neff, J. M. 1979. Polycyclic Aromat
Page 155 and 156:
Pearson, W. H. and B. L. Olla. 1980
Page 157 and 158:
143 Reichert, W. L., B-T. LeEberhar
Page 159 and 160:
Sarin, C. 1994. Distribution of Ali
Page 161 and 162:
Suedel, B. C., J. A. Boraczek, R. K
Page 163 and 164:
Watanabe, K. H., H. Lin, H. L. Bart
Page 165 and 166:
Yoshioka, Y and Y. Ose. 1993. A qua
Page 167 and 168:
Appendix A Methods of Preparation a
Page 169 and 170:
Dilution of Spiked Sediment 155 The
Page 171 and 172:
Naphthalene Standard Calibration Cu
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix Figure A2 HPLC chromatogra
Page 175 and 176:
Calculation of Naphthalene Concentr
Page 177 and 178:
Appendix Table B1 Characteristics o
Page 179 and 180:
Appendix Table B5 Length-class of L
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Appendix Table B7 Length-class of L
Page 183 and 184:
Appendix Table B10 Acute toxicity o
Page 185 and 186:
Appendix Table B12 Sublethal toxici
Page 187 and 188:
Appendix Table B13 (Continued) Dura
Page 189 and 190:
Appendix Table B15 Naphthalene in t
Page 191 and 192:
177 Appendix Table B17 Naphthalene
Page 193 and 194:
179 Appendix Table B18 Naphthalene
Page 195 and 196:
Appendix C Data Analysis 181
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Appendix Table C3 Two-factor ANOVA
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Probit Analysis of Mortality Equati
Page 203 and 204:
Probit Analysis of Autotomy Equatio
Page 205 and 206:
Probit Analysis of Sediment Avoidan
Page 207 and 208:
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