THESIS APPROVAL

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Appendix Table C1 Two-factor ANOVA determined in mean number of individual of oligochaete between level of food addition (E-WL, E-WH, E-WN) and test duration (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 d). Source of variation Sum of squares df Mean sum of squares F Organic food level 2271.62 2 1135.81 66.38* Test duration 398.09 5 79.62 4.65* Interaction 1341.79 10 134.18 7.84* Error 616.00 36 17.11 Total 4627.50 53 182 Appendix Table C2 S-N-K test of mean number of individual of oligochaete compared at each level of food addition (E-WL, E-WH, E-WN). Duration Pair Different value p q Wp (d) 7 x2, x3 2 2 2.86 6.84 x2, x1 2.67 3 3.44 8.22 x3, x1 0.67 2 2.86 6.84 14 x2, x3 3 2 2.86 6.84 x2, x1 6 3 3.44 8.22 x3, x1 3 2 2.86 6.84 21 x2, x1 9.33 2 2.86 6.84 * x2, x3 11.33 3 3.44 8.22 * x1, x3 2 2 2.86 6.84 28 x2, x1 10.33 2 2.86 6.84 * x2, x3 13.66 3 3.44 8.22 * x1, x3 3.33 2 2.86 6.84 35 x2, x1 18.33 2 2.86 6.84 * x2, x3 27 3 3.44 8.22 * x1, x3 8.67 2 2.86 6.84 * 42 x2, x1 20 2 2.86 6.84 * x2, x3 35.33 3 3.44 8.22 * x1, x3 15.33 2 2.86 6.84 * Note: * Significant difference at p
Appendix Table C3 Two-factor ANOVA determined in average weight of oligochaete between level of food addition (E-WL, E-WH, E-WN) and test duration (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 d). Source of variation Sum of squares df Mean sum of squares F Organic food level 0.0731 2 0.0366 52.28* Test duration 0.0031 5 0.0006 0.86 Interaction 0.0042 10 0.0004 0.57 Error 0.0266 36 0.0007 Total 0.1070 53 Appendix Table C4 S-N-K test of average weight of oligochaete compared at each level of food addition (E-WL, E-WH, E-WN). Duration Pair Different value p q Wp (d) 7 x2, x1 0.0196 2 2.86 0.0429 x2, x3 0.0505 3 3.44 0.0516 x1, x3 0.0309 2 2.86 0.0429 14 x2, x1 0.0325 2 2.86 0.0429 x2, x3 0.0531 3 3.44 0.0516 * x1, x3 0.0206 2 2.86 0.0429 21 x2, x1 0.0465 2 2.86 0.0429 * x2, x3 0.0831 3 3.44 0.0516 * x1, x3 0.0366 2 2.86 0.0429 28 x2, x1 0.0509 2 2.86 0.0429 * x2, x3 0.0924 3 3.44 0.0516 * x1, x3 0.0415 2 2.86 0.0429 35 x2, x1 0.0608 2 2.86 0.0429 * x2, x3 0.1223 3 3.44 0.0516 * x1, x3 0.0615 2 2.86 0.0429 * 42 x2, x1 0.0559 2 2.86 0.0429 * x2, x3 0.1396 3 3.44 0.0516 * x1, x3 0.0837 2 2.86 0.0429 * Note: * Significant difference at p
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THESIS APPROVAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, KA
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Warucha Kanchana-Aksorn 2009: Use o
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CON
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Pa
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Appendix
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Aquat
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
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USE OF FRESHWATER OLIGOCHAETE (LIMN
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At this stage, laboratory study on
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LITERATURE REVIEW Methodology of To
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through development, such as hatchi
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ange of 0.15-1.5 is thus expected p
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on microcustaceans, insect larvae a
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Figure 4 Budding in oligochaete sho
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Thalassodrilus, Clitellio, Adelodri
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Figure 7 Tail protrusion and swayin
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Figure 8 Chemical structures of six
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oil and asphalt may contain several
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several PAHs in water and sediment,
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5. Transformation by Microorganisms
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et al., 2005), while in shore crabs
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7. Toxic Effects in Aquatic Organis
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Table 6 (Continued) PAHs Species LC
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their exposure to digestive fluids
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during the sediment aging process,
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Changes in bottom sediment in the l
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1. Instruments MATERIALS AND METHOD
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the technique of mitochondrial 16s
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2. Investigation on the Morphologic
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and no worms placed to the sediment
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3.4 Data Analysis All values were r
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Table 9). Spiked sediment was subsa
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Sediment avoidance in ij = (Σ anim
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3) Test Conditions The bioaccumulat
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uptake of naphthalene into fish, an
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4) Exposure Study Trophic transfer
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performed with 20 ml extraction flu
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results 1. B
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Figure 13 Morphological features of
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Living style of L. hoffmeisteri was
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Figure 17 Feeding behavior of L. ho
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worms in this old class whereas a l
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No. of ind No. of ind No. of ind No
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Figure 23 Adult worm (3.0-3.5 cm) i
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3.4 Relationship between Oligochaet
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Table 14 Lethal and sublethal effec
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Figure 29 Mortality of L. hoffmeist
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ioaccumulation test, respectively (
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Concentration (ug/g dwt) 2000 1500
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analysis from two-factor ANOVA show
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sediment particles and accumulated
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undulatory swimming. Also, the peri
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The existence of L. hoffmeisteri in
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Lumbriculus variegatus ceased at le
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low level of DO had thoroughly occu
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in water, and thus is available for
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(1988) who investigated subacute re
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pollutants in aquatic ecosystems (M
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et al., 1994b), in dosed sediments
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(1997) said that naphthalene is mod
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107 various studies showed that fis
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(Dobroski and Epifano, 1980; Wolfe
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111 experiment, indicated the repro
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Recommendations 1. Limnodrilus hoff
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Anderson, J. W., J. M. Neff, B. A.
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Bender, M. E. and R. J. Huggett. 19
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Broman, D., A. Colmjo and C. Naf. 1
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Collado, R. and R. M. Schmelz. 2001
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Driscoll, K. S. B. and A. E. McElro
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Fromm, P. O. and R. C. Hunter. 1969
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Harrel, R. and S. T. Smith. 2002. M
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James, M. O. 1989. Biotransformatio
Page 145 and 146: Khan, A. N., D. Kamal, M. M. Mahmud
Page 147 and 148: Lee, H. 1992. Models, muddles and m
Page 149 and 150: Lotufo, G. R. 1998. Lethal and subl
Page 151 and 152: McElroy, A. E., B. W. Tripp, J. W.
Page 153 and 154: Neff, J. M. 1979. Polycyclic Aromat
Page 155 and 156: Pearson, W. H. and B. L. Olla. 1980
Page 157 and 158: 143 Reichert, W. L., B-T. LeEberhar
Page 159 and 160: Sarin, C. 1994. Distribution of Ali
Page 161 and 162: Suedel, B. C., J. A. Boraczek, R. K
Page 163 and 164: Watanabe, K. H., H. Lin, H. L. Bart
Page 165 and 166: Yoshioka, Y and Y. Ose. 1993. A qua
Page 167 and 168: Appendix A Methods of Preparation a
Page 169 and 170: Dilution of Spiked Sediment 155 The
Page 171 and 172: Naphthalene Standard Calibration Cu
Page 173 and 174: Appendix Figure A2 HPLC chromatogra
Page 175 and 176: Calculation of Naphthalene Concentr
Page 177 and 178: Appendix Table B1 Characteristics o
Page 179 and 180: Appendix Table B5 Length-class of L
Page 181 and 182: Appendix Table B7 Length-class of L
Page 183 and 184: Appendix Table B10 Acute toxicity o
Page 185 and 186: Appendix Table B12 Sublethal toxici
Page 187 and 188: Appendix Table B13 (Continued) Dura
Page 189 and 190: Appendix Table B15 Naphthalene in t
Page 191 and 192: 177 Appendix Table B17 Naphthalene
Page 193 and 194: 179 Appendix Table B18 Naphthalene
Page 195: Appendix C Data Analysis 181
Page 199 and 200: Appendix Table C7 Two-factor ANOVA
Page 201 and 202: Probit Analysis of Mortality Equati
Page 203 and 204: Probit Analysis of Autotomy Equatio
Page 205 and 206: Probit Analysis of Sediment Avoidan
Page 207 and 208: Appendix Table C16 Two-factor ANOVA
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