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Appendix Table E1 Degree of pullulanase hydrolysis of 0 to 48 hr debranched Hydrolysis HARS preheated at 75°C, 95°C and 121 o C for 30 min. Preheated treatments* time (hr) 75 ° C 95°C 121°C 0 0.14±0.38 0.15±0.05 0.17±0.07 2 0.23±0.39 0.18±0.06 0.54±0.03 4 0.31±0.43 0.21±0.09 1.29±0.15 8 0.42±0.35 0.36±0.12 2.09±0.09 16 0.80±0.10 0.42±0.15 2.37±0.03 24 1.21±0.67 0.46±0.06 2.79±0.07 48 1.55±0.49 0.50±0.14 3.10±0.15 * Each value in the Table represents the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations. Appendix Table E2 Degree of syneresis of 0 to 48 hr debranched HARS Hydrolysis preheated at 75°C , 95°C and 121 o C for 30 min. Preheated treatments* time (hr) 75°C 95 ° C 121 ° C 0 28.10±1.77 29.96±3.23 35.01±2.42 2 37.67±2.19 35.53±0.86 40.14±1.17 4 40.92±1.23 40.74±3.12 42.99±1.19 8 43.54±1.69 41.15±2.22 47.02±2.02 16 45.92±1.42 42.44±2.13 56.91±2.30 24 51.45±2.01 44.27±3.67 57.78±1.86 48 54.53±2.70 45.55±3.32 58.88±0.26 * Each value in the Table represents the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations. 225
Appendix Table E3 X-ray diffraction profile and degree of crystallinity of the native RS III samples HARS and RS III samples from 0, 4, 16, 24 and 48 hr hydrolysis of 75 o C and 121 o C preheated 15% HARS * Each value in the Table represents the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations. X-ray diffraction profile Peak area Total area Crystallinity Degree (%) native HARS 96356 731100 13.17±9.59 0 hr DB of 75 °C preheated 16 hr DB of 75 C° preheated 48 hr DB of 75 °C preheated 4 hr DB of 121 °C preheated 16 hr DB of 121 °C preheated 24 hr DB of 121 °C preheated 48 hr DB of 121 °C preheated 19010 736252 2.58±9.96 77309 724823 10.66±5.91 93313 722840 12.90±9.22 51187 356178 14.37±1.19 56384 361748 15.58±6.54 62915 372959 16.86±9.15 71413 366313 19.49±5.08 226
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THESIS ENZYME-RESISTANT STARCH TYPE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Classif
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Pa
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (Continued) R
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een used to produce a sample with l
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Overall objectives: OBJECTIVES 1. T
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However, it was discovered that a r
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Cassidy et al. (1994), in an intern
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fed both the 45 and 63g/100g rice s
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only about 3 g. The physiological b
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(Brown et al. 1995). This product,
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Figure 1 A detailed structure of th
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2.3 Chemical composition of rice st
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helix with only the ring oxygen poi
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Figure 5 Idealized diagram of the c
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2.5 Rice starch gelatinization Gela
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in excess water. The loss of birefr
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morphological changes occurring at
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amylose is the linear fraction of s
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units are known to inhibit retrogra
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(-1 to 43 o C) on concentrated star
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Figure 10 Schematic diagram showing
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ice due to the various cooking and
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Recently, there has been a flurry o
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3.1 Processing condition on improve
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of RS overall, 60%, among the three
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chains but liberates longer chains
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4.1 Amylolytic enzymes Three groups
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Structure and properties of β- amy
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Structure and properties: The pullu
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Action pattern: The amyloglucosidas
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methods, for instance in scanning e
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6. Low glycemic butter cake product
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Sugar increases cake volume by decr
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cereals, and baked potatoes. Low gl
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way to achieve a healthy food produ
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complexes. In the meantime, and inv
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would be only 2. In comparison, the
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ecause of an absolute decrease in t
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enhanced fat oxidation at the expen
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1. Raw Materials MATERIALS AND METH
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Methods 1. Production of resistant
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1.2.3 Degree of syneresis Degree of
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1.2.9 Starch hydrolysis rate and es
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1.3.3 Resistant starch content, sta
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2.1.1 Cake sample preparation Cake
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Nevertheless, the former refers to
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3. Experimental Design and Statisti
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essentially linear polymer of α-(1
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hydrolysis of the rice starch prehe
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a) b) Figure 15 Scanning electron m
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amylose content of starch had a har
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Degree of syneresis (%) 70.0 60.0 5
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1.2.7 Physicochemical properties of
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1.2.8 In vitro starch digestibility
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1.2.9 Hydrolysis index and glycemic
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Table 16 Effect of preheated treatm
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1.2.10 Crystallinity of RS III 108
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Figure 22 X-ray diffraction pattern
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content. The high correlation facto
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1.3.2 β-amylolysis (%) 114 β-amyl
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1.3.4 In vitro starch digestibility
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118 Non significant differences (P
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1.4.2 Degree of hydrolysis 120 The
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2 An application of resistant starc
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sucrose or maltose are reducing suc
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126 The different effect of HFCS on
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2.1.2 Sensory evaluation of HFCS re
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and objective percent moisture gene
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132 In the dietetic cake mix of Cor
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3) In vitro starch digestibility 13
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Table 23 Percentage (dwb) of starch
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al. (2006) reported that when gluco
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140 volume, crust and crumb color o
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(P
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2.2.2 Sensory evaluation of RS III
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3) Flavor score 146 Flavor is the m
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2.2.3 Chemical composition of RS II
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Table 27 Mean values for chemical c
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Table 28 Percentage (dwb) of starch
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cake is lower in these samples than
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 156
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158 syneresis of retrograded starch
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LITERATURE CITED Abe, J.I., K. Naka
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Biliaderis, C.G. and J. Zawastowski
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Cheng, H.H. and M.H. Lai. 2000. Fer
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Elgun, A. Z. Ertugay, M. Certel, an
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Fitt L.E. and E.M. Snyder. 1984. Ph
Page 185 and 186:
Grandfeldt, A., C. Eliasson and I.
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Hoseney, R.C. 1990. Principles of C
Page 189 and 190: Juliano, B.O. and M.S. Goddard. 198
Page 191 and 192: Lavin, M., E. Eshbaugh, J.-M. Hu, S
Page 193 and 194: Ludwig, D.S. and R.H. Eckel. 2002.
Page 195 and 196: Meilgaard, M., Civille, O.V., and C
Page 197 and 198: Nakazawa, F., S. Noguchi, J.Takahas
Page 199 and 200: Piyarat, N. 2003. The assessment of
Page 201 and 202: Schoch, T. J. 1969. Non-carbohydrat
Page 203 and 204: Srinivasa Rao, P. 1970. Studies on
Page 205 and 206: Towar, J., C. Melito, E. Herrera, A
Page 207 and 208: Yuan, R.C. and D.B. Thompson. 1998.
Page 209 and 210: Appendix A Chemical analysis proced
Page 211 and 212: 2.2 Method determination 196 Total
Page 213 and 214: source and detach the extractor and
Page 215 and 216: 5.3 Procedure for Preparation for S
Page 217 and 218: 1) Standard curve procedure 202 Usi
Page 219 and 220: 7. Reducing sugar determination by
Page 221 and 222: 8. Resistant starch determination b
Page 223 and 224: 8.2.3 Measurement of resistant star
Page 225 and 226: lank. starch. 210 3. Measure the ab
Page 227 and 228: Appendix B Physical analysis proced
Page 229 and 230: 2. X Ray Diffraction Measurement 2.
Page 231 and 232: Appendix C Picture of some experime
Page 233 and 234: Heated debranched samples Cooled de
Page 235 and 236: Appendix Figure C4 Visuals appearan
Page 237 and 238: 1. Introduction 222 There are sever
Page 239: Appendix E Experimental data 224
Page 243 and 244: Appendix F List of publications 228
Page 245 and 246: 230
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Page 253 and 254: 238
Page 255 and 256: 240
Page 257 and 258: 242
Page 259 and 260: 244
Page 261 and 262: 246
Page 263: NAME : Miss Jirapa Pongjanta BIRTH
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