Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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3. Section-400 408. Local materials for road construction 1. The local materials for rural road construction cover the locally available soils and aggregates (including low grade/marginal aggregates) which are both, suitable and economical, for incorporation as such or after suitable processing in lieu of the conventionally used high quality materials. 2. It is always economically and technically prudent to use locally available materials as much as possible instead of transporting conventional quality materials from long distances involving uneconomical leads. 3. Usually some processing of the locally available materials is required to make their best use. This Sub-section brings out the quality aspects of processing the locally available materials to use them to the maximum potential. 4. Construction aspects for the use of these materials are similar to the conventional quality materials and as such, reference to the relevant Sub-sections have been made as to their methodology for construction. 5. To achieve the maximized use of locally available materials, it is essential that adequate soil and materials surveys in the vicinity of the project site are carried out rather than only depending on the well-established old pre-investigated quarries. The general guidelines regarding the field surveys of locally available soils, moorums, gravels and aggregates are given in Annex 408.1. A. Methodology 1. The representative samples of naturally occurring soils, moorums, gravels, soft/hard aggregates, any industrial wastes and stabilizers like lime etc. should be subjected to laboratory testing. The tests to be carried out should be relevant to their use in specific layer(s) for which reference may be made to previous subsections. 2. When the locally available naturally occurring materials or industrial wastes do not meet the engineering properties required for use in any layer of the pavement crust, appropriate processing like modification/stabilization technique required to render these materials suitable for use in any of the pavement layer(s) should be carried out as per the guidance given in Tables 408.1 and 408.2. 3. Where the naturally occurring Gravels/Soil-Gravel mixtures meet both the grading and plasticity requirements for use in sub-base and base courses, these can be used as such. However, if these materials are found to be deficient in grading only, processing by mechanical stabilization technique can be resorted to so as to meet the grading requirements. Where these local materials are found to be overly plastic, mixing with local sand in the required proportion is often the best solution. 4. Out of the possible alternative uses of the local materials as such or after suitable processing, select the ones which are both, suitable and economical. 66
5. For construction procedure, relevant Sub-sections apply, as under:- 67 Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads TABLE 408.1 APPROPRIATE PROCESSING/STABILIZATION TECHNIQUES Sl. No. Soil/Aggregate Properties Processing/Stabilization Technique Test Procedure 1. Sands, moorums /gravels having Mechanical Stabilization to meet the Refer Sub-sections 401 missing fractions and clayey soils. prescribed grading and plasticity and 402. requirements. 2. Medium and heavy clays having PI>10 Lime Stabilisation to meet the specified Refer Sub-section 403. and containing atleast 15 percent of LL and PI requirements and to improve material finer than 425 micron. the CBR value. 3. Granular soils deficient in cohesion for Cement Stabilization to improve Refer Sub-section 404. adequate compaction and strength. strength (CBR/UCS). 4. Soils of medium plasticity and clayey Lime-flyash Stabilization to reduce PI Refer Sub-section 409 soils not reactive to lime. and increased strength in terms of CBR/UCS. 5. Heavy clays with PI>30 and very low Two-stage Lime/Cement Stabilization Refer Sub-section 404. CBR value. and increased strength. TABLE 408.2 APPROPRIATE PROCESSING AND USE OF LOCAL MATERIALS IN SUBBASE/BASE Sl.No. State of Occurrence of Material Manner of Use in the Pavement Test/Quality Requirements 1. Kankar, Laterite, Dhandla etc. As WBM without screenings/filler Wet Aggregate Impact Value found in blocks or large discrete after breaking the material, (IS:5640) not to exceed 50, 40 and 30 particles. broadly meeting the required when used in sub-base, base and sizes. surfacing respectively. 2. Naturally occurring gravels Directly as a granular layer for PI should not exceed 6 when used in without appreciable amount of sub-base/base course. lower courses. Evaluated for soil. strength by soaked CBR. 3. Soil-gravel with appreciable Directly as soil-gravel for sub-base The material should be well-graded amount of soil. /base. and the PI restricted as for Sl. No. 2 above. Evaluated for strength by soaked CBR value. (a) Use of locally available aggregates:- 1. As WBM Clause 405.3 shall apply 2. As GSB Clause 401.4 shall apply 3. As soil-gravel mix for subbase, base or surfacing Clause 402.4 shall apply (b) Use of stabilized soil:- 1. Mechanical Stabilization Clause 401.4 shall apply 2. Lime Stabilization Clause 403.3 shall apply 3. Cement Stabilization Clause 404.3 shall apply 4. Lime-Flyash Stabilization Clause 409.5 shall apply 5. Two-stage (Lime-Cement) Stabilization Clause 404.3 shall apply
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Ministry of Rural Development Gover
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FOREWORD PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS QUAL
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Section 1100 PIPE CULVERTS 163 to 1
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PREFACE A good road network has an
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AE : Assistant Engineer AIV : Aggre
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1. BACKGROUND 1 Quality Assurance H
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3 Quality Assurance Handbook for Ru
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Material tests Workmanship tests Se
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2. Quality Management System (iii)
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119 Quality Assurance Handbook for
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SECTION 600 121 Quality Assurance H
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3. Section-600 4. Build the courses
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3. Section-600 (v) Storage of mater
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3. Section-600 3.3. Quality Control
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700 : STONE MASONRY FOR STRUCTURES
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(v) Stone Masonry 133 Quality Assur
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4.2. Tests / checks during construc
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SECTION 800 CONCRETE FOR STRUCTURES
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3. Section-800 2. Proceed with conc
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3. Section-800 TABLE 800.3: REQUIRE
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3. Section-800 c. The strength of a
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3. Section-800 4.2 Tests / checks d
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SECTION 900 149 Quality Assurance H
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3. Section-900 2. Lower centering g
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3. Section-900 C. Do’s and Don’
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1000 STEEL REINFORCEMENT A. Methodo
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3.2 Tests during construction 159 Q
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1100: PIPE CULVERTS A. Methodology
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SECTION 1200 167 Quality Assurance
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3. Section-1200 A2 Substructures Th
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3. Section-1200 4. Provide 75 mm ce
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3. Section-1200 (2) Tolerances 1200
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3. Section-1200 3.2 Tests / checks
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3. Section-1300 A-3 Toe Protection
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3. Section-1300 2. Stones for pitch
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3. Section-1400 3. Give streamline
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3. Section-1400 2. Tests during con
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3. Section-1500 5 Mark location and
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3. Section-1500 (iv) Water Water us
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3. Section-1500 TABLE 1501.3: QUALI
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3. Section-1500 2. Check the in-sit
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3. Section-1500 TABLE NO. 1502.3: P
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3. Section-1500 1503: RECTANGULAR C
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3. Section-1500 3.2 Tests during co
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3. Section-1500 1504: INTERLOCKING
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3. Section-1500 2. Quality Control
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3. Section-1600 The prescribed road
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3. Section-1600 C. Do’s and Don
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1700. TRAFFIC SIGNS AND MARKINGS A.
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1904 : MAINTENANCE OF BITUMINOUS SU
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4.6 Settlement and Upheaval 235 Qua
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2. Surface Finish 237 Quality Assur
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1908 : MAINTENANCE OF CULVERTS AND
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4. Quality Monitoring only in excep
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1. SECTION 100: GENERAL 1.1: Qualit
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10 5R 60 106 25 DIA WELDED 21 DIA 1
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4. Section-300 (b) Carry out an ins
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4. Section-300 Photo 1. Visual Clas
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Test 1 261 Quality Assurance Handbo
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4. Section-500 (iii) Check the aggr
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5. SECTION 1100:PIPE CULVERTS 267 Q
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6. SECTION 1300: PROTECTION WORKS A
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4. Section-1500 In case of cracked
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4. Section-1700 2. Road Markings C
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Appendix-1 1.4 Estimating Plasticit
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Appendix-1 1.8 Simple Gadgets for E
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Appendix-1 (ii) Make two identical
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Appendix-1 (ii) Workability: Take a
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Appendix-2 Curing : Covering the c
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Appendix-3 Sr. Code/ Title of the P
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Quality Assurance Handbook for Rura
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Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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