Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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Appendix-1 (ii) Workability: Take a handful of concrete in left hand and make a round ball with both hands. If a ball can be maintained for a while, it is indicative of a ‘workable mix’. Any low or high content of water cannot make a good ball of concrete. (iii) Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR): Alkali Silica reactivity is noticed in aggregates crushed with siliceous rock. When aggregates are immersed in water, a slight increase in volume occurs. If alkali content in Portland cement is less than 0.6 percent by weight, no harmful reaction occurs. The Basalt rocks found in parts of Deccan plateau, Madhya Pradesh, Kathiawar peninsula of Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand and West Bengal should be viewed with caution. Similarly, some lime-stones containing chert modules occurring in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab and Assam are reactive. Due to ASR, normally damp patches are visible at the junction of cracks, the edges of cracks often appear light in colour, the concrete often has an uncharacteristic pinkish appearance in the affected areas. There will be negligible spalling of concrete but exudation may occur from some of the cracks. If aggregates are suspect of likely positive ASR on the basis of past performance or any evidence, it is always recommended that the aggregates are tested as per IS:2386 part 7 before they are approved for use in making concrete. Appendix-1/8
Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads APPENDIX - 2 (Refer Section 105) GUIDELINES FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION In view of the rural road projects being relatively small in size, the sites of work generally scattered and level of accessibility of project site often being poor, there is need for adopting appropriate technology. An appropriate technology is a blend of manual methods and small capacity mechanical equipment generally using agricultural implements towed by tractor, which would attain the desired quality standards at minimum cost. The Construction Equipment which best meets the quality requirements at minimum cost for various construction operations are mostly tractor-towed, since agricultural tractors are increasingly becoming available in rural areas. Moreover, agricultural tractors are not used for agricultural purposes all the year round and can be utilized for road construction and maintenance works for sufficiently long periods of time during the year. The appropriate technologies which can be adopted for the more common construction operations are as under: 1. Earthwork and Subgrade Construction For clearing, grubbing and excavation : Rippers towed by agricultural tractor For hauling of earth : Agricultural tractor-trailer For spreading of soil in layers : Spreading blades attached to agricultural tractor For adding water : Water Bowser towed by agricultural tractor For mixing of soil with water : Agricultural tractor-towed disc harrows For compaction in earthwork and : 80-100 kN static smoothsubgrade construction wheeled road roller for compacted hickness of 100 mm. 2. Mechanical Stabilization Besides the appropriate equipment list under 1 above, for the mixing of different locally available materials for mechanical stabilization, an agricultural tractor-towed Rotavator can be used. 3. Lime/Cement Stabilized Soil Construction Pulverization of soil clods : Agricultural tractor-towed disc harrows Adding water : Agricultural tractor-towed water browser Spreading of Lime/Cement stablizer : Placing bags of lime/cement over pulverized soil at predetermined distances for spreading the required quantities Mixing of soil with stabilizer : Agricultural tractor-towed Rotavator Compaction : 80-100 kN smooth-wheeled Roller Appendix-2/1
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Ministry of Rural Development Gover
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FOREWORD PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS QUAL
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Section 1100 PIPE CULVERTS 163 to 1
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PREFACE A good road network has an
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AE : Assistant Engineer AIV : Aggre
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1. BACKGROUND 1 Quality Assurance H
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3 Quality Assurance Handbook for Ru
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Material tests Workmanship tests Se
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2. Quality Management System (iii)
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2. Quality Management System A typi
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105. CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 13 Qual
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B Do’s and Don’ts Do’s Don’
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201 & 202. SITE CLEARANCE A Methodo
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301. EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION A Meth
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(vii) Materials in a frozen conditi
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B. Earthwork for Subgrade (Cutting
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302. EARTHWORK IN CUTTING A. Method
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31 Quality Assurance Handbook for R
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B. Quality Control Requirements 1.
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SECTION 400 39 Quality Assurance Ha
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3. Section-400 (ii) Atterberg limit
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3. Section-400 C Do’s and Don’t
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3. Section-400 TABLE 402.2: GRADING
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3. Section-400 2. The pulverization
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3. Section-400 Table 403.3 : QUALIT
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3. Section-400 6. The cement stabil
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3. Section-400 6.3 Quality Control
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3. Section-400 14. In case the scre
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3. Section-400 TABLE 405.4: APPROXI
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3. Section-400 (ii) Grading Require
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3. Section-400 C Do’s and Don’t
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3. Section-400 408. Local materials
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3. Section-400 B. Quality control r
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3. Section-400 409. LIME-FLYASH STA
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3. Section-400 4. Surface Regularit
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3. Section-400 (ii) Slag The broad
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3. Section-400 6. The thickness of
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3. Section-400 2. Horizontal Alignm
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SECTION 500 BITUMINOUS 81 Quality A
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3. Section-500 (iii) In the final l
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3. Section-500 3. The primer should
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3. Section-500 B. Quality Control R
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3. Section-500 TABLE 504.2: PHYSICA
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3. Section-500 (b) Bitumen The bind
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3. Section-500 TABLE 506.1 RATE OF
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3. Section-500 TABLE 507.1: NOMINAL
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3. Section-500 5. Quality Control T
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3. Section-500 TABLE 508.1.1 : QUAN
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3. Section-500 Table 508.1.3: QUALI
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3. Section-500 B. Quality Control R
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3. Section-500 (ii) Immediately the
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3. Section-500 512. MODIFIED BITUME
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3. Section-500 TABLE 512.5 : REQUIR
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Annex-III & IV DETERMINATION OF IN-
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SIMPLE/HANDFEEL TESTS 600 600.1 Bri
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119 Quality Assurance Handbook for
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SECTION 600 121 Quality Assurance H
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3. Section-600 4. Build the courses
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3. Section-600 (v) Storage of mater
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3. Section-600 3.3. Quality Control
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700 : STONE MASONRY FOR STRUCTURES
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(v) Stone Masonry 133 Quality Assur
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4.2. Tests / checks during construc
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SECTION 800 CONCRETE FOR STRUCTURES
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3. Section-800 2. Proceed with conc
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3. Section-800 TABLE 800.3: REQUIRE
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3. Section-800 c. The strength of a
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3. Section-800 4.2 Tests / checks d
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SECTION 900 149 Quality Assurance H
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3. Section-900 2. Lower centering g
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3. Section-900 C. Do’s and Don’
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1000 STEEL REINFORCEMENT A. Methodo
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3.2 Tests during construction 159 Q
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1100: PIPE CULVERTS A. Methodology
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165 Quality Assurance Handbook for
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SECTION 1200 167 Quality Assurance
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3. Section-1200 A2 Substructures Th
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3. Section-1200 4. Provide 75 mm ce
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3. Section-1200 (2) Tolerances 1200
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3. Section-1200 3.2 Tests / checks
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3. Section-1300 A-3 Toe Protection
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3. Section-1300 2. Stones for pitch
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3. Section-1400 3. Give streamline
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3. Section-1400 2. Tests during con
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3. Section-1500 5 Mark location and
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3. Section-1500 (iv) Water Water us
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3. Section-1500 TABLE 1501.3: QUALI
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3. Section-1500 2. Check the in-sit
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3. Section-1500 TABLE NO. 1502.3: P
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3. Section-1500 1503: RECTANGULAR C
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3. Section-1500 3.2 Tests during co
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3. Section-1500 1504: INTERLOCKING
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3. Section-1500 2. Quality Control
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3. Section-1600 The prescribed road
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Page 244 and 245: 6. SECTION 1300: PROTECTION WORKS A
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Page 260 and 261: Appendix-3 Sr. Code/ Title of the P
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