Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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Appendix-1 1.8 Simple Gadgets for Estimating Side Slopes 2. BRICKS The bricks should be sound, of compact structure (as seen when broken) free from cracks and flaws. They should be regular in shape and of uniform size (dimensional accuracy) with plane faces and sharp edges. The colour should be uniform and of deep red or copper colour. The quality of bricks is generally assessed by compressive strength, efflorescence, dimensional accuracy, water absorption and evenness of baking. Some of the simple tests to fairly assess the quality of bricks are given below: (i) In efflorescence test, a sample brick is soaked in water for 24 hours and its appearance after removal from water, should be free from white patches, the total area not exceeding 50%. In case the surface area exhibiting, patches exceed 50% of total area both the brick and water samples shall be subjected to further testing for ascertaining suitability. (ii) In water absorption test, a brick should not absorb more than one-fifth of its dry weight after immersion in water for 24 hours. (iii) Bricks are considered good when clear ringing sound is heard when two bricks are struck against each other. A sample brick should not break when dropped flat on hard ground from a height of about 1 m. Correct firing promotes toughness. The bricks should not be under-burnt. A well burnt brick when scratched with a finger nail should leave no impression. 2.1 Cement-Lime (Composite) mortar Refer to 3.2 [Source : Road Maintenance Hand book, Vol 1, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa] Appendix-1/4
3. STONE MASONRY 3.1 Stones Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads The principle requirements of a building stone are strength, density and durability. All stones other than those of sedimentary origin are suitable for stone masonry work. Some of the requirements and simple tests are indicated below: (i) The stones should be hard, tough, compact grained and of uniform texture and colour. (ii) They should be free from cracks, decay, weathering defects like cavities, flaws, veins, sand holes and patches of loose/soft material. (iii) Break a stone with a hammer. The surface of a freshly broken stone should be bright, clean and sharp and should show uniformity of texture without loose grains and be free from any dull chalky or earthy appearance. (iv) If a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid on a piece of stone causes effervescence, the stone contains weathering materials. (v) A sample of stone when struck with a 1 kg hammer should emit a ringing sound and should not break with one blow. A pen-knife when scratched on surface should not make an impressions on hard stone. 3.2 Cement-Lime (Composite) Mortar Lime is classified as quick and hydraulic lime. The quick lime is obtained by calcination of pure lime stone, chalk or sea shells. It is nearly white and increases in bulk two or three times its original volume when slaked. It does not set but dissolves in water and has no cementing property. Hydraulic lime is obtained by burning clayey lime stones or kankar and it sets and hardens under water. In Rural Road works only class A and B (hydraulic and semi-hydraulic type) lime mortars conforming to IS:712 are permitted in composite mortar. Use of quick lime is not permitted. Strict control over mix proportion (Cement:Lime:Sand) shall be exercised to ensure that the mortar mix conforming to the mix proportion specified in the contract. Normally, a proportion of 1:3:9 (Cement:Lime:Sand) is used in masonry works. Purity of lime shall be determined in accordance with IS:1514. 3.3 Cement Mortar Refer to 4.4 4. CONCRETE FOR STRUCTURES 4.1 Water Water should be clean and free from oils, acids, alkalies, vegetable and other organic impurities. Water shall be got tested before the start of works, thereafter each monsoon till completion of works. Some of the simple tests to fairly judge the suitability of water in cement-concrete works are given below: (i) Presence of acids or alkalies in water can be tested by litmus paper. If blue litmus paper turns red, it indicates acidity; while the red litmus paper turning blue indicates alkalinity. Rapid change in colour of litmus paper indicates significant amounts of acids or alkalies. Appendix-1/5
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Ministry of Rural Development Gover
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FOREWORD PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS QUAL
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Section 1100 PIPE CULVERTS 163 to 1
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PREFACE A good road network has an
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AE : Assistant Engineer AIV : Aggre
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1. BACKGROUND 1 Quality Assurance H
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3 Quality Assurance Handbook for Ru
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Material tests Workmanship tests Se
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2. Quality Management System (iii)
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2. Quality Management System A typi
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105. CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 13 Qual
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B Do’s and Don’ts Do’s Don’
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201 & 202. SITE CLEARANCE A Methodo
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301. EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION A Meth
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(vii) Materials in a frozen conditi
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B. Earthwork for Subgrade (Cutting
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302. EARTHWORK IN CUTTING A. Method
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31 Quality Assurance Handbook for R
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B. Quality Control Requirements 1.
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SECTION 400 39 Quality Assurance Ha
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3. Section-400 (ii) Atterberg limit
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3. Section-400 C Do’s and Don’t
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3. Section-400 TABLE 402.2: GRADING
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3. Section-400 2. The pulverization
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3. Section-400 Table 403.3 : QUALIT
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3. Section-400 6. The cement stabil
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3. Section-400 6.3 Quality Control
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3. Section-400 14. In case the scre
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3. Section-400 TABLE 405.4: APPROXI
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3. Section-400 (ii) Grading Require
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3. Section-400 C Do’s and Don’t
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3. Section-400 408. Local materials
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3. Section-400 B. Quality control r
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3. Section-400 409. LIME-FLYASH STA
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3. Section-400 4. Surface Regularit
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3. Section-400 (ii) Slag The broad
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3. Section-400 6. The thickness of
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3. Section-400 2. Horizontal Alignm
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SECTION 500 BITUMINOUS 81 Quality A
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3. Section-500 (iii) In the final l
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3. Section-500 3. The primer should
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3. Section-500 B. Quality Control R
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3. Section-500 TABLE 504.2: PHYSICA
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3. Section-500 (b) Bitumen The bind
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3. Section-500 TABLE 506.1 RATE OF
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3. Section-500 TABLE 507.1: NOMINAL
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3. Section-500 5. Quality Control T
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3. Section-500 TABLE 508.1.1 : QUAN
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3. Section-500 Table 508.1.3: QUALI
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3. Section-500 B. Quality Control R
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3. Section-500 (ii) Immediately the
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3. Section-500 512. MODIFIED BITUME
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3. Section-500 TABLE 512.5 : REQUIR
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Annex-III & IV DETERMINATION OF IN-
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SIMPLE/HANDFEEL TESTS 600 600.1 Bri
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119 Quality Assurance Handbook for
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SECTION 600 121 Quality Assurance H
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3. Section-600 4. Build the courses
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3. Section-600 (v) Storage of mater
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3. Section-600 3.3. Quality Control
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700 : STONE MASONRY FOR STRUCTURES
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(v) Stone Masonry 133 Quality Assur
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4.2. Tests / checks during construc
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SECTION 800 CONCRETE FOR STRUCTURES
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3. Section-800 2. Proceed with conc
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3. Section-800 TABLE 800.3: REQUIRE
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3. Section-800 c. The strength of a
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3. Section-800 4.2 Tests / checks d
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SECTION 900 149 Quality Assurance H
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3. Section-900 2. Lower centering g
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3. Section-900 C. Do’s and Don’
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1000 STEEL REINFORCEMENT A. Methodo
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3.2 Tests during construction 159 Q
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1100: PIPE CULVERTS A. Methodology
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165 Quality Assurance Handbook for
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SECTION 1200 167 Quality Assurance
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3. Section-1200 A2 Substructures Th
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3. Section-1200 4. Provide 75 mm ce
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3. Section-1200 (2) Tolerances 1200
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3. Section-1200 3.2 Tests / checks
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3. Section-1300 A-3 Toe Protection
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3. Section-1300 2. Stones for pitch
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3. Section-1400 3. Give streamline
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3. Section-1400 2. Tests during con
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3. Section-1500 5 Mark location and
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3. Section-1500 (iv) Water Water us
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3. Section-1500 TABLE 1501.3: QUALI
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3. Section-1500 2. Check the in-sit
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3. Section-1500 TABLE NO. 1502.3: P
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3. Section-1500 1503: RECTANGULAR C
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3. Section-1500 3.2 Tests during co
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3. Section-1500 1504: INTERLOCKING
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3. Section-1500 2. Quality Control
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Page 204 and 205: 3. Section-1600 The prescribed road
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Page 240 and 241: 4. Section-500 (iii) Check the aggr
Page 242 and 243: 5. SECTION 1100:PIPE CULVERTS 267 Q
Page 244 and 245: 6. SECTION 1300: PROTECTION WORKS A
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Page 258 and 259: Appendix-2 Curing : Covering the c
Page 260 and 261: Appendix-3 Sr. Code/ Title of the P
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Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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