Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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4.6 Settlement and Upheaval 235 Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads If settlements and upheavals indicate an inherent weakness in the fill or subgrade, it may be necessary to excavate the defective fill and upto bottom of subgrade and do the embankment afresh under properly controlled conditions. Material having good drainage qualities should be preferred. Under-drains may become necessary in locations where lack of drainage has been identified as the cause of failure. Where the cause of deformation is inadequate pavement thickness, then properly designed pavement shall be provided. Frost-affected regions may need thorough investigations and a complete reconstruction of the pavement. 5. Disintegration 5.1 Stripping In the case of surface dressing, hot coarse sand heated to at least 150 0 C and spread over the affected areas, may be used to replace the lost aggregates. After spreading, it should be rolled immediately so that it will be seated into the bitumen. If aggregates are only partially whipped off, a liquid seal may be the solution. In other cases the existing bituminous mix should be removed and a fresh one laid. As a precautionary measure, a suitable anti-stripping agent should be added to the bitumen, at the time of construction. 5.2 Loss of Aggregate If the loss of aggregates is due to ageing and hardening of the binder, the condition may be rectified by applying liquid seal, fog seal or slurry seal. If the loss of aggregates has occurred over large isolated areas, the best thing to do would be to provide another surface dressing layer, after carefully cleaning the surface. If the loss of aggregates has taken place in small isolated patches, a liquid seal would be sufficient. 5.3 Ravelling Ravelled surface is corrected by adding more quantity of binder, the rate of application depending upon the condition of existing surface and degree of hardening occurred to the binder. If the ravelling has not developed too far, the condition may be corrected by a simple application of a cut-back bitumen covered with coarse sand, or a slurry seal can be applied. Where the ravelling has progressed far, a renewal coat with premix material would be necessary. 5.4 Pot-hole Fill pot holes with premix open-graded or dense-graded patching or penetration patching as per clause 501.2.3.1 of MoRD Specifications. 5.5 Edge-breaking (Frayed edges) The shoulder and the pavement material in the affected area should be fully removed to a regular section with vertical sides. The pavement and the shoulders should be built up simultaneously with thorough compaction. A bituminous surface similar to that in the adjacent reach should be laid. The shoulder should have an adequate slope to drain away the water. A slope one per cent steeper than the camber of the bituminous surface should be found generally necessary for earthen
3. Section-1900 shoulders. In order to prevent the edges from getting broken again, the maintenance operations should include periodic inspection of the shoulder condition and replacement of worn out shoulder material with adequate compaction. In sandy areas where the soil is likely to be eroded by wind and rain, it may be advantageous to have brick paving at least for some width to protect the edges. Surface and subsurface drainage, wherever deficient, should be improved. II Periodic Surface Renewal When the condition survey data reveals the need for surface renewal, provide 20 mm thick Premix Carpet as per Sub-section 508 and seal coat as per Sub-section 510. Prior to laying a surface renewal, clean the existing surface of all dust and cake mud by wire brushes and brooms. 1905: MAINTENANCE OF GRAVEL ROAD It is considered an essential requirement prior to undertaking any maintenance measures that the Gravel road can be inspected atleast once a year and that the past record of performance, maintenance and traffic is available with the Maintenance Engineer. A. Methodology I. Routine Maintenance Measures 1. Where loss of profile is observed on a gravel road, drag the accumulated material from the roadsides/shoulders to the center, using an approved tractor-towed grader and compact by roller. If a suitable mechanical grader is not available, adopt manual methods. Prior to roller compaction, ensure that the gravel is at optimum moisture content ± 2% 2. Where the surface is corrugated, rectify it by grading with a mechanical grader or by using a tractor-towed drag of approved design. The scrapped material should be spread over the surface and roller compacted. Prior to compaction, ensure that the material is at optimum moisture content ± 2% 3. Repair all local depressions, ruts, potholes and erosion gullies, replacing or adding new surface material of specified properties as per Sub-section 402 and then compact the replaced/new surface material by road roller. Before undetaking repairs, the affected area should first be cleaned of all loose material, bringing it to a regular rectangular shape with the help of spades and pick axes and hand ramming the bottom surface. The prepared area should be filled up with gravel of specified properties and roller compacted, ensuring that prior to compaction, the moisture content is at the optimum ± 2%. II. Periodic Surface Renewal Prior to regravelling, scarify the old surface and provide additional gravel 50 mm to 75 mm in loose thickness meeting specified requirements (as per Sub-section 402) over the scarified surface. After bringing the moisture content of the addititional gravel to optimum ± 2%, compact the loose gravel layer to the maximum dry density as per IS:2720 (Part 7). B. Quality Control Requirements 1. Materials Any gravel used for routine maintenance repairs and for periodic regravelling should conform to the requirements as per Sub-section 402. 236
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Ministry of Rural Development Gover
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FOREWORD PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS QUAL
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Section 1100 PIPE CULVERTS 163 to 1
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PREFACE A good road network has an
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AE : Assistant Engineer AIV : Aggre
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1. BACKGROUND 1 Quality Assurance H
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3 Quality Assurance Handbook for Ru
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Material tests Workmanship tests Se
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2. Quality Management System (iii)
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2. Quality Management System A typi
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105. CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 13 Qual
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B Do’s and Don’ts Do’s Don’
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201 & 202. SITE CLEARANCE A Methodo
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301. EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION A Meth
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(vii) Materials in a frozen conditi
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B. Earthwork for Subgrade (Cutting
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302. EARTHWORK IN CUTTING A. Method
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31 Quality Assurance Handbook for R
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B. Quality Control Requirements 1.
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SECTION 400 39 Quality Assurance Ha
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3. Section-400 (ii) Atterberg limit
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3. Section-400 C Do’s and Don’t
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3. Section-400 TABLE 402.2: GRADING
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3. Section-400 2. The pulverization
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3. Section-400 Table 403.3 : QUALIT
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3. Section-400 6. The cement stabil
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3. Section-400 6.3 Quality Control
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3. Section-400 14. In case the scre
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3. Section-400 TABLE 405.4: APPROXI
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3. Section-400 (ii) Grading Require
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3. Section-400 C Do’s and Don’t
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3. Section-400 408. Local materials
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3. Section-400 B. Quality control r
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3. Section-400 409. LIME-FLYASH STA
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3. Section-400 4. Surface Regularit
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3. Section-400 (ii) Slag The broad
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3. Section-400 6. The thickness of
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3. Section-400 2. Horizontal Alignm
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SECTION 500 BITUMINOUS 81 Quality A
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3. Section-500 (iii) In the final l
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3. Section-500 3. The primer should
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3. Section-500 B. Quality Control R
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3. Section-500 TABLE 504.2: PHYSICA
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3. Section-500 (b) Bitumen The bind
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3. Section-500 TABLE 506.1 RATE OF
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3. Section-500 TABLE 507.1: NOMINAL
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3. Section-500 5. Quality Control T
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3. Section-500 TABLE 508.1.1 : QUAN
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3. Section-500 Table 508.1.3: QUALI
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3. Section-500 B. Quality Control R
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3. Section-500 (ii) Immediately the
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3. Section-500 512. MODIFIED BITUME
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3. Section-500 TABLE 512.5 : REQUIR
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Annex-III & IV DETERMINATION OF IN-
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SIMPLE/HANDFEEL TESTS 600 600.1 Bri
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119 Quality Assurance Handbook for
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SECTION 600 121 Quality Assurance H
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3. Section-600 4. Build the courses
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3. Section-600 (v) Storage of mater
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3. Section-600 3.3. Quality Control
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700 : STONE MASONRY FOR STRUCTURES
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(v) Stone Masonry 133 Quality Assur
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4.2. Tests / checks during construc
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SECTION 800 CONCRETE FOR STRUCTURES
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3. Section-800 2. Proceed with conc
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3. Section-800 TABLE 800.3: REQUIRE
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3. Section-800 c. The strength of a
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3. Section-800 4.2 Tests / checks d
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SECTION 900 149 Quality Assurance H
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3. Section-900 2. Lower centering g
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3. Section-900 C. Do’s and Don’
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1000 STEEL REINFORCEMENT A. Methodo
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3.2 Tests during construction 159 Q
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1100: PIPE CULVERTS A. Methodology
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165 Quality Assurance Handbook for
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SECTION 1200 167 Quality Assurance
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3. Section-1200 A2 Substructures Th
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3. Section-1200 4. Provide 75 mm ce
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Quality Assurance Handbook for Rura
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Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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