Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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SIMPLE/HANDFEEL TESTS 600 600.1 Bricks 117 Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads ANNEX-VI The bricks should be sound, of compact structure (as seen when broken) free from cracks and flaws. They should be regular in shape and of uniform size (dimensional accuracy) with plane faces and sharp edges. The colour should be uniform and of deep red or copper colour. The quality of bricks is generally assessed by compressive strength, efflorescence, dimensional accuracy, water absorption and evenness of baking. Some of the simple tests to fairly assess the quality of bricks are given below: (i) In efflorescence test, a sample brick is soaked in water for 24 hours and its appearance after removal from water, should be free from white patches, the total area not exceeding 50%. In case the surface area exhibiting, patches exceed 50% of total area both the brick and water samples shall be subjected to further testing for ascertaining suitability. (ii) In water absorption test, a brick should not absorb more than 1/5 th of its dry weight after immersion in water for 24 hours. (iii) Bricks are considered good when clear ringing sound is heard when two bricks are struck against each other. A sample brick should not break when dropped flat on hard ground from a height of about 1 m. Correct firing promotes toughness. The bricks should not be under-burnt. A well burnt brick when scratched with a finger nail should leave no impression. 600.2 Cement-Lime (Composite) mortar Refer to 700.2 and 800.4 700 Stone Masonry 700.1 Stones The chief requirements of a building stone are strength, density and durability. All stones other than those of sedimentary origin are suitable for stone masonry work. Some of the requirements and simple tests are indicated below: (i) The stones should be hard, tough, compact grained and of uniform texture and colour. (ii) They should be free from cracks, decay, weathering defects like cavities, flaws, veins, sand holes and patches of loose/soft material. (iii) Break a stone with a hammer. The surface of a freshly broken stone should be bright, clean and sharp and should show uniformity of texture without loose grains and be free from any dull chalky or earthy appearance. (iv) If a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid on a piece of stone causes effervescence, the stone contains weathering materials.
Annex-VI (v) A sample of stone when struck with a 1 kg hammer should emit a ringing sound and should not break with one blow. A pen-knife when scratched on surface should not make an impressions on hard stone. 700.2 Cement-Lime (Composite) Mortar Lime is classified as quick and hydraulic lime. The quick lime is obtained by calcination of pure lime stone, chalk or sea shells. It is nearly white and increases in bulk two or three times its original volume when slaked. It does not set but dissolves in water and has no cementing property. Hydraulic lime is obtained by burning clayey lime stones or kankar and it sets and hardens under water. In Rural Road works only class A and B (hydraulic and semi-hydraulic type) lime mortars conforming to IS:712 are permitted in composite mortar. Use of quick lime is not permitted. Strict control over mix proportion (Cement:Lime:Sand) shall be exercised to ensure that the mortar mix confirming to the mix proportion specified in the contract. Normally, a proportion of 1:3:9 (Cement:Lime:Sand) is used in masonry works. Purity of lime shall be determined in accordance with IS:1514. 700.3 Cement Mortar Refer to 800.4 800 Concrete for Structures 800.1 Water Water should be clean and free from oils, acids, alkalies, vegetable and other organic impurities. Water shall be got tested before the start of works, thereafter each monsoon till completion of works. Some of the simple tests to fairly judge the suitability of water in cement-concrete works are given below: (i) Presence of acids or alkalies in water can be tested by litmus paper. If blue litmus paper turns red, it indicates acidity; which the red litmus paper turning blue indicates alkalinity. Rapid change in colour of litmus paper indicates significant amounts of acids or alkalies. (ii) Make two identical pats of 75 mm dia and 12 mm thick of neat cement paste, one with water under test and the other with water of known suitability. Place the pats on a clean non-absorbent surface and leave for 48 hours, and setting and hardening time observed for both the pats. If the quality of water under test is not upto mark, both setting and hardening time of the pat would be different than the one of known quality. 800.2 Cement Cement more than three (3) months old shall be got tested to ascertain its quality and satisfy the acceptability requirements as per Table 800.11. The quality of cement can be roughly judged by the following: (i) Thrust a hand into a cement bag. It must give cool feeling. There should be no lump inside. (ii) Take a pinch of cement and feel between the fingers. It should give a smooth and not a gritty feeling. (iii) Take a handful of cement and throw it in a bucket full of water. The particles should float for sometime before they sink. 118
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Ministry of Rural Development Gover
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FOREWORD PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS QUAL
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Section 1100 PIPE CULVERTS 163 to 1
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PREFACE A good road network has an
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AE : Assistant Engineer AIV : Aggre
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1. BACKGROUND 1 Quality Assurance H
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3 Quality Assurance Handbook for Ru
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Material tests Workmanship tests Se
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2. Quality Management System (iii)
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2. Quality Management System A typi
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105. CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 13 Qual
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B Do’s and Don’ts Do’s Don’
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201 & 202. SITE CLEARANCE A Methodo
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301. EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION A Meth
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(vii) Materials in a frozen conditi
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B. Earthwork for Subgrade (Cutting
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302. EARTHWORK IN CUTTING A. Method
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B. Quality Control Requirements 1.
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SECTION 400 39 Quality Assurance Ha
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3. Section-400 (ii) Atterberg limit
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3. Section-400 C Do’s and Don’t
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3. Section-400 TABLE 402.2: GRADING
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3. Section-400 2. The pulverization
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3. Section-400 Table 403.3 : QUALIT
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3. Section-400 6. The cement stabil
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3. Section-400 6.3 Quality Control
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3. Section-400 14. In case the scre
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3. Section-400 TABLE 405.4: APPROXI
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3. Section-400 5.3 Quality Control
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3. Section-400 (ii) Grading Require
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Page 84 and 85: SECTION 500 BITUMINOUS 81 Quality A
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Page 88 and 89: 3. Section-500 3. The primer should
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Page 116 and 117: Annex-III & IV DETERMINATION OF IN-
Page 120 and 121: 119 Quality Assurance Handbook for
Page 122 and 123: SECTION 600 121 Quality Assurance H
Page 124 and 125: 3. Section-600 4. Build the courses
Page 126 and 127: 3. Section-600 (v) Storage of mater
Page 128 and 129: 3. Section-600 3.3. Quality Control
Page 130 and 131: 700 : STONE MASONRY FOR STRUCTURES
Page 132 and 133: (v) Stone Masonry 133 Quality Assur
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Page 136 and 137: SECTION 800 CONCRETE FOR STRUCTURES
Page 138 and 139: 3. Section-800 2. Proceed with conc
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Page 142 and 143: 3. Section-800 c. The strength of a
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Page 152 and 153: 1000 STEEL REINFORCEMENT A. Methodo
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Page 156 and 157: 1100: PIPE CULVERTS A. Methodology
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3. Section-1200 3.2 Tests / checks
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SECTION 1300 179 Quality Assurance
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3. Section-1300 A-3 Toe Protection
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3. Section-1300 2. Stones for pitch
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3. Section-1400 3. Give streamline
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3. Section-1400 2. Tests during con
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3. Section-1500 5 Mark location and
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3. Section-1500 (iv) Water Water us
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3. Section-1500 TABLE 1501.3: QUALI
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3. Section-1500 2. Check the in-sit
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3. Section-1500 TABLE NO. 1502.3: P
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3. Section-1500 1503: RECTANGULAR C
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3. Section-1500 3.2 Tests during co
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3. Section-1500 1504: INTERLOCKING
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3. Section-1500 2. Quality Control
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3. Section-1600 The prescribed road
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3. Section-1600 C. Do’s and Don
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1700. TRAFFIC SIGNS AND MARKINGS A.
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227 Quality Assurance Handbook for
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1904 : MAINTENANCE OF BITUMINOUS SU
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4.6 Settlement and Upheaval 235 Qua
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2. Surface Finish 237 Quality Assur
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1908 : MAINTENANCE OF CULVERTS AND
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4. Quality Monitoring only in excep
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1. SECTION 100: GENERAL 1.1: Qualit
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10 5R 60 106 25 DIA WELDED 21 DIA 1
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4. Section-300 (b) Carry out an ins
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4. Section-300 Photo 1. Visual Clas
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Test 1 261 Quality Assurance Handbo
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4. Section-500 (iii) Check the aggr
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5. SECTION 1100:PIPE CULVERTS 267 Q
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6. SECTION 1300: PROTECTION WORKS A
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4. Section-1500 In case of cracked
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4. Section-1700 2. Road Markings C
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Appendix-1 1.4 Estimating Plasticit
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Appendix-1 1.8 Simple Gadgets for E
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Appendix-1 (ii) Make two identical
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Appendix-1 (ii) Workability: Take a
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Appendix-2 Curing : Covering the c
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Appendix-3 Sr. Code/ Title of the P
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Quality Assurance Handbook for Rura
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Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I - pmgsy

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