Arcelik sep2010 - DTU Orbit
Arcelik sep2010 - DTU Orbit
Arcelik sep2010 - DTU Orbit
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NON-CONTACT NON CONTACT MEASUREMENTS<br />
TEMPERATURE, GAS & SURFACE PROPERTIES<br />
SONNIK CLAUSEN<br />
senior scientist, Dr.
RISØ Ø <strong>DTU</strong><br />
2 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
• 1956 Peaceful<br />
utilisation of nuclear<br />
energy<br />
• 1976 Nuclear energy<br />
and other energy<br />
sources<br />
• 1986 Energy research<br />
in general<br />
• 1990 R&D with energy<br />
as the primary area<br />
• 1994 State-owned<br />
enterprise<br />
• 2000 The last nuclear<br />
reactor is decommissioned<br />
• 2007 Merger with <strong>DTU</strong><br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Activities at RISØ<br />
Applied Optical Diagnostics<br />
• National reference Laboratory (-80ºC to 1600ºC) non-contact temperature<br />
• Special temperature, heat flux measurements, emissivity<br />
• EU EU-projects: j t HHercules, l MMenelas, l AAeroprofile, fil TRIRAT TRIRAT, EEvitherm ith<br />
• Combustion research, flame measurements (v, T, φ, d, ci,…) • Process: insulation, oxy-fuel, y steel, …<br />
• Consultancy<br />
• Close cooperation with industry<br />
3 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Applications IR<br />
• Temperature: Food, medicine, transport…<br />
• Errors: electrical installations, engines, components<br />
• Process: metal temperature, temperature furnace, furnace flue gas,… gas<br />
• Buildings: heat loose, insulation, …<br />
• Technical: approvement fireplaces, cars…<br />
• Security: road temperature, surveillance,…<br />
• Life: horse leg, research, medical,…<br />
• R&D: development of new products, optimisation,<br />
optimisation,…<br />
• Safety: gas leak, hot spots,…<br />
4 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Properties of Light<br />
t + r + a + s = 1<br />
100 %<br />
4 %<br />
5 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
4 %<br />
.<br />
92 %<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Trannsmission<br />
%<br />
1<br />
0.9<br />
0.8<br />
0.7<br />
0.6<br />
0.5<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.1<br />
0<br />
Defects in Silicon<br />
15. juni 2005, sqcl<br />
RISØ<br />
100% transmission/100<br />
Base line (kontrol)<br />
Prøve nr 1<br />
Prøve nr 2<br />
Prøve nr 3<br />
Prøve nr 4<br />
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000<br />
Bølgetal g cm-1<br />
IR-camera sensitive at 22.0 0 – 67μm 6.7 μm is best<br />
6 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
REFLECTION<br />
Reflection from 1 surface: R<br />
Glass (n = 1.5): R = 0.040<br />
Water (n = 1.33): R = 0.020<br />
7 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
⎛ ⎞ 2<br />
⎛1<br />
− n⎞<br />
= ⎜ ⎟<br />
⎝1<br />
+ n⎠<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
.<br />
24/09/2010
ABSORPTION<br />
8 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Color and Temperature<br />
Temperature p (°C) ( ) Color<br />
────────────────────────<br />
650 - 750 red violet<br />
750 - 780 ddark k kkarminred i d<br />
780 - 800 karminred<br />
800 - 830 orange/karminred<br />
830 - 880 dark orange<br />
880 - 1050 orange g<br />
1050 - 1150 gellowl/orange<br />
1150 - 1250 gellow<br />
1250 - 1320 white/gellow<br />
hit / ll<br />
────────────────────────<br />
The h human h eye detects d light l h at temperatures over ca. 650°C<br />
6 0°C<br />
9 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Visible versus IR<br />
Red painted alu plate<br />
CCD IR-camera IR-camera<br />
10 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Colors?<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
DESIGN of OPTICAL IR THERMOMETER<br />
11 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
vne o Beedste<br />
BMC målee C<br />
.<br />
B Best Measurement M Capability C bili RISØ<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
12 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
BEDSTE MÅLEEVNE RISØ (k=2)<br />
i området fra -80 o C - 1600 o C<br />
INTERCOMPARISONS<br />
Th9: 600 - 1300oC; 1-2oC deviation<br />
TRIRAT: -50 - 300oC; typical within 0.3oC TRIRAT: 300 - 800oC; within uncertaintyy<br />
2006, sqcl<br />
Data fil: "måleevne_DANAK2006.xls"<br />
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600<br />
T Temperatur o Temperature<br />
C<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
ation o Tempeerature<br />
devi C<br />
1<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
-0.2<br />
-0.4<br />
-0.6<br />
-0.8<br />
-1<br />
European comparison<br />
(TRIRAT)<br />
TEMPERATURE DEVIATION (RISØ)<br />
Preliminary result<br />
13 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Risø - VSL<br />
Risø - PTB<br />
Risø - Raytek<br />
Risø - SP<br />
Risø - CMA<br />
Risø - NPL<br />
Risø - LNE<br />
Risø - INM<br />
0.5% error on emissivity .<br />
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300<br />
Temperature o C<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Blackbody - Properties<br />
14 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
PERFECT ABSORBER (α = 1)<br />
PERFECT EMITTER (ε ( =1) 1)<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
TRACEABILITY ITS-90<br />
• T [K] = t [°C] +273,15<br />
• C 2 = 0.014388 m K<br />
15 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
T90 ( X)<br />
⋅λ<br />
L Lλλ ( T 90 ) e − 1<br />
= C2<br />
Lλ[ T90( X)]<br />
T90<br />
⋅λ<br />
e − 1<br />
C<br />
2<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Plancks radiation law<br />
L ( T T,<br />
λλ<br />
) =<br />
2π C1<br />
C2<br />
2<br />
[ W / m ( d dλλ<br />
)]<br />
5 λ T<br />
λ ( e −1)<br />
E ( T) T [ W / m ]<br />
σ =<br />
4 2<br />
BB<br />
λλ<br />
=<br />
max<br />
2896μm<br />
T<br />
Grey bodies does not exist (ε = constant)<br />
Grey bodies does not exist (ε = constant).<br />
Useful in heat transfer calculations, but<br />
not in non-contact temperature measurements
W/m2 Radiated Power from Surface<br />
Total uddstrålet<br />
effekt [W ]<br />
m2 Total udstråleet<br />
effekt [kW/m ]<br />
Radiated Power from Surface<br />
1200<br />
1000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
0<br />
273 293 313 333 353 373<br />
Overflade temperatur [K]<br />
50<br />
0<br />
273 523 773 1023 1273<br />
17<br />
Overflade temperatur [K]<br />
Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Blackbody curves<br />
THEORY<br />
m2 Raddiance<br />
W/m μm<br />
120000000<br />
100000000 700 o C<br />
200 o 200 C<br />
o C<br />
80000000<br />
60000000<br />
40000000<br />
20000000<br />
18 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
0<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24<br />
Wavelength μm<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Blackbody curves<br />
Measured<br />
10 μm 5 μm<br />
3.3 μm<br />
2 μm<br />
No gas absorption in 8 – 14 μm range (ambient)<br />
19 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
UNCERTAINTY<br />
ΔT<br />
Δ T<br />
=<br />
C<br />
ε<br />
2<br />
λ<br />
εε<br />
C 2<br />
• Low temperature - low error<br />
• Short wavelength – low error<br />
• Surface with high emissivity – low error<br />
Valid for one-color pyrometer, and if reflections can be disregarded<br />
20 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
TRICKS & TIPS<br />
• I Ice point: i t look l k d down into i t hhole l i in ice i<br />
• Object at room temperature: perfect blackbody<br />
• Paint or use tape on shiny surfaces<br />
• Measure through opening in object<br />
• Compensation cable can be required<br />
21 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
ε =<br />
Definition of Emissivity Emissi it<br />
EMISSION COEFFICIENT (EMISSIVITY (EMISSIVITY, ε) ) :<br />
FRACTION OF RADIATED THERMAL RADIATION FROM SURFACE<br />
COMPARED TO RADIATED ENERGY FROM A BLACKBODY AT<br />
SAME TEMPERATURE<br />
RADIATED ENERGY FROM SURFACE at T<br />
RADIATED ENERGY FROM BLACKBODY at T<br />
OR<br />
Radiation SURFACE = ε( T, λ)<br />
⋅ Radiation BLACKBODY<br />
Emissivity dependents on temperature and wavelength<br />
22 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Geometry and emissivity<br />
Table: Effective emissivity of grooved surface<br />
L1/L3 v ε=0.1 ε =0.3 ε =0.5 ε =0.7 ε =0.9<br />
0.5 180º 0.100 0.300 0.500 0.700 0.900<br />
1 60º 0.182 0.462 0.667 0.824 0.947<br />
1.46 40º 0.245 0.556 0.745 0.872 0.963<br />
2 29º 29 00.308 308 00.632 632 00.800 800 00.903 903 00.973 973<br />
3 19º 0.400 0.720 0.857 0.933 0.982<br />
4 14º 0.471 0.744 0.889 0.949 0.986<br />
5 11º 0.526 0.811 0.909 0.959 0.989<br />
23 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
v<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Emissi Emissivity it of hole/cavity<br />
hole/ca it<br />
Total<br />
L/D F_1-2 ( Ta = 0 K, T3 = T1 )<br />
Shape Surface Emissivity<br />
factor Avg. Min. Max.<br />
0,00 1,0000 0,9600 0,9000 0,9700<br />
0,50 0,3820 0,9844 0,9597 0,9884<br />
1,00 0,1716 0,9929 0,9810 0,9947<br />
2,00 0,0557 0,9976 0,9932 0,9982<br />
3,00 0,0263 0,9988 0,9965 0,9991<br />
3,30 0,0220 0,9990 0,9970 0,9993<br />
3,90 0,0159 0,9993 0,9977 0,9995<br />
5,10 0,0094 0,9995 0,9985 0,9997<br />
5,80 , 0,0073 , 0,9996 , 0,9988 , 0,9997 ,<br />
8,00 0,0039 0,9998 0,9993 0,9999<br />
24 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
D<br />
L<br />
HIGH EMISSIVITY<br />
OF BOTTOM!<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Emissivvity<br />
10 1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0.0<br />
Emissivity steel<br />
EXAMPLE<br />
Oxidized<br />
machined (grid fine)<br />
M i l l (MA253) 500 o Material: steel (MA253) at 500 C<br />
o C<br />
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20<br />
25 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Wavelength μm<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
.<br />
24/09/2010
Emissivvitet<br />
11 1.1<br />
1<br />
0.9<br />
0.8<br />
0.7<br />
Emissivity paint<br />
Aluminium coatet 3 gange,<br />
varmebehandlet ved 320 o C<br />
H 2 O<br />
RISØ, 26 + 28 June 2002, sqcl<br />
CO 2<br />
Supertherm<br />
Pyromark 1200<br />
Hot Paint<br />
Senotherm<br />
Senotherm + Hot Paint<br />
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000<br />
26 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
BBølgetal l t l cm 1 -1<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Emisssivity<br />
Emissivity Coating Thickness<br />
Al / Pyromark (VSL-4)<br />
1.0 RISØ<br />
0.9<br />
0.8<br />
0.7<br />
0.6<br />
0.5<br />
500 oC 350 oC 250 o C<br />
150 o C<br />
50 o 50 C<br />
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20<br />
Wavelength μm<br />
27 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
THERMAL<br />
RADIATION<br />
Example at 1000 K:<br />
Temperature Gradient<br />
Glass (k=1 W/m K): 57 K/mm<br />
SS (k=17 W/m K): 3 K/mm<br />
THERMAL HEAT<br />
CONDUCTION<br />
ΔT<br />
=<br />
ΔX =<br />
ε<br />
σ T<br />
k<br />
IR-Thermometer is the best method for poor conductors<br />
28 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
4<br />
24/09/2010
Speekulær<br />
refleksion<br />
%<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
Reflection Paint<br />
Pyromark 1200<br />
Hot Paint<br />
Senotherm<br />
Supertherm (1 x coat)<br />
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000<br />
20 μm 10 μm<br />
29 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Bølgetal cm 1 -1<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
tur fejl C<br />
o Error C<br />
o Temp Temperat Tperature<br />
C<br />
Low Temperature p & Errors<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
-1<br />
10 μm<br />
20 μm<br />
5 μm<br />
2.5 μm<br />
30 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Temperatur fejl ved 1% fejl på 1% emissivitet<br />
23 o Temperature uncertainty at 1% uncertainty<br />
og 23 C i l t t<br />
o p y y<br />
on emissivity, C omgivelsestemperatur<br />
and 23ºC ambient temperature<br />
2.5 μm<br />
20 μm<br />
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100<br />
Temperatur o C<br />
Temperature o C<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Other IR Applications<br />
• Find military targets<br />
• Find welding defects in plastic<br />
• Measure humidity<br />
• Measure gas velocity<br />
• Control glass g type/thickness<br />
yp /<br />
• Security, ignition<br />
•…<br />
31 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Welding errors in plastic<br />
a) )<br />
b)<br />
Exhaust aircraft engine<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Gas Absorption<br />
Gas leak from Gas Bottle<br />
Small hole in bottle Seal not tight<br />
Cold gas g is seen using g a hot background g<br />
32 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Model of vibrating water molecule<br />
33 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Transmittance<br />
Transmittance T<br />
1<br />
0.9<br />
0.8<br />
0.7<br />
0.6<br />
0.5<br />
0.4<br />
0.1<br />
0<br />
DATA BASE (NIR)<br />
0.3 1% CH4 1% CO<br />
0.2<br />
1% CO2 1% NO<br />
1<br />
0.9<br />
08 0.8<br />
0.7<br />
0.6<br />
0.5<br />
04 0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.1<br />
0<br />
34 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000<br />
Wavenumbers cm -1<br />
1% H 2 0<br />
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000<br />
Wavenumbers cm -1<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
HOT GAS CELL<br />
3-zone Furnace<br />
Gas Cell<br />
Quartz Fiber<br />
Heated<br />
gas line Quartz Fiber<br />
Gas<br />
bottles<br />
Water injection<br />
Gas Mixer<br />
Power<br />
Supply<br />
Computer<br />
35 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Data<br />
Logger<br />
FTIR<br />
MB155<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
1<br />
.8<br />
.6<br />
.4<br />
.2<br />
0<br />
Gas reference data<br />
Measured 1% CO spectrum<br />
in hot gas cell at 1500ºC (red)<br />
10% CO 2 at 1500ºC.<br />
Red curve: Hitemp<br />
Blue: measured<br />
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000<br />
36 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
1<br />
.98<br />
.96<br />
.94<br />
.92<br />
1900 1950 2000 2050 2100<br />
Arbitrary / Arbitrary Overlay X-Zoom CURSOR<br />
File # 1 : FOLDET3 Res=None<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Transmittaance<br />
Transmitta nce<br />
1<br />
0.96<br />
0.92<br />
0.88<br />
1<br />
0.96<br />
Calibration free (CH (CH4) 4)<br />
Hitran, 296 K, 1 atm, 1% CH 4 , 4 cm -1<br />
Measured, 296 K, 1 atm, 1% CH 4 , 4 cm -1<br />
4500 5000 5500 6000<br />
Wavenumbers cm -1<br />
37 0.92 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Measured, 1073 K, 1 atm, 1% CH 4 , 2 cm -1<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
Measured, 673 K, 1 atm, 1% CH 4 , 4 cm -1<br />
24/09/2010
IR<br />
( 1)<br />
( 2a)<br />
( 3)<br />
Theory – principles<br />
S<br />
T Tg FOV<br />
T w<br />
nce [W m ] -2 cm-1 Radia<br />
]<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
2.9 μm μ<br />
0 2000 4000 6000 8000<br />
Wavenumbers<br />
L ( λ ) = ε(<br />
λ,<br />
T ) L(<br />
λ,<br />
T ) + τ ( λ,<br />
T ) L(<br />
λ,<br />
T )<br />
m g,<br />
c g g,<br />
c w<br />
i<br />
i<br />
~ 1<br />
ε ( λ,<br />
T ) = α(<br />
λ,<br />
T ), ( 2b)<br />
ν =<br />
g,<br />
c g,<br />
c<br />
i<br />
i<br />
λ<br />
α(<br />
λ,<br />
T ) =<br />
g<br />
38 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
L ( λλ<br />
) − L ( λλ<br />
, T )<br />
m w<br />
L(<br />
λ,<br />
T ) − L(<br />
λ,<br />
T )<br />
g w<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010<br />
T=1273 K<br />
.
Emisssivityy<br />
Abssorptivvity<br />
/<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
Hot gas cell: ε - τ<br />
0.5% CO2 T = 1083 K<br />
Res = 4 cm-1 Res = 4 cm<br />
Emission<br />
Transmission<br />
-0.0<br />
1900 2400 2900 3400 3900<br />
39 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Wavenumbers cm -1<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
m1 Sr-1 W m-2 cm<br />
Radiance R<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
873 K<br />
673 K<br />
1073 K<br />
Example CO 2<br />
1800 2800 3800 4800 5800<br />
Wavenumbers cm-1 -0<br />
Wavenumbers cm 1<br />
40 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
.<br />
Transsmittance<br />
0.9<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
-0.1<br />
1800 2800 3800 4800 5800<br />
WWavenumbers b cm 1 -1<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
CO CO, CO2, CO2 H2O senso sensor<br />
41 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
Kedelvæg<br />
(i) (ii)<br />
FTIR<br />
PC<br />
Blackbody<br />
L<br />
42 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
.<br />
FTIR spectroscopy<br />
gas g flow<br />
a b c d e<br />
395<br />
250<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
IR gas analysis<br />
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500<br />
Transmittance spectrum<br />
CO CO2,H 2, H2O, 2O, CO, C xH xHy,… y, …<br />
43 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
1<br />
.8<br />
.6<br />
.4<br />
.2<br />
0<br />
Emission spectrum:<br />
GB: 816.9ºC, , ε=0.106<br />
Blackbody curve at 836.0ºC<br />
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
44 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
Wood flame gas conc.<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
OPTICAL METHODS<br />
• G Gas ttemperature t and d composition iti<br />
• Hot gas flow with dust<br />
• Fast respons time<br />
• Large range<br />
• Fiber optics<br />
• 1 - ? process points<br />
• Non-intrusive<br />
45 Risø <strong>DTU</strong>, Technical University of Denmark<br />
<strong>Arcelik</strong>, Non-contact methods<br />
24/09/2010
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