Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
Section 1 Introduction Water Use (mgd) Waterworks 15% Water Level Maintenance 2.7% Special Categories 1% 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Temporary 0.1% 500 0 Surface Water Ground Water Air Conditioning 0.2% Power Generation 63% Industrial Processing 12% Major Crop Irrigation 5% Non Crop Irrigation 1% Figure 1.1. Water Use in Minnesota, 2004 Source: MDNR, 2004 Catergories: 1 Air Conditioning 2 Industrial Processing 3 Major Crop Irrigation 4 Non-Crop Irrigation 5 Power Generation 6 Special Catergories 7 Temporary 8 Water Level Maintenance 9 Waterworks 1 2 3 4 5 Catergory Code 6 7 8 9 Figure 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota by Source, 2004 Source: MNDR, 2004 1-4 Craddock Consulting Engineers In Association with CDM & James Crook TM1-Sec1_0707.doc
Section 1 Introduction Craddock Consulting Engineers In Association with CDM & James Crook 1-5 TM1-Sec1_0707.doc 1.3 Wastewater Reuse Background In Minnesota, WWTP effluent is typically discharged to a receiving stream or a land application system. However, wastewater effluent can also be beneficially used for a variety of purposes. There are various terms used to describe the beneficial use of WWTP effluent: water reuse, wastewater reuse, water recycling, or water reclamation are often used interchangeably. While this project is to evaluate the beneficial reuse of wastewater effluent for industrial purposes, non-industrial uses are briefly described to indicate the potential competition for use of reclaimed water as is commonly practiced around the globe. From the perspective of the municipality, investment in capital to provide reclaimed water will typically involve a review of all options; multiple users are commonly required for water reclamation to be a cost-effective practice for the municipal utility. Many U.S. communities use WWTP effluent for a variety of nonpotable purposes, typically categorized under the following major types: Industrial Urban Agricultural Environmental and recreational Ground water recharge Augmentation of potable supplies Industrial Industrial reuse applications in the U.S. have steadily increased over the past decade, with an increasing diversity of industrial uses. The largest use of reclaimed water in the U.S. has been for cooling water. Because recirculating evaporative cooling water systems consume water (versus the once-through cooling water system that has no evaporation), they are the most common industrial system using reclaimed water. The large water demands of power facilities for cooling water and other needs makes them an ideal facility for reuse. Reclaimed water is also used as process water for a variety of applications at petroleum refineries, chemical plants, metal working, pulp and paper mills, and other production facilities. Other industries with a potential to use reclaimed water are industries using water for washing or wetting requirements, such as laundries and sand and gravel washing operations.
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Section 1<br />
Introduction<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Use</strong> (mgd)<br />
<strong>Water</strong>works 15%<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Level<br />
Maintenance 2.7%<br />
Special Categories<br />
1%<br />
2,500<br />
2,000<br />
1,500<br />
1,000<br />
Temporary 0.1%<br />
500<br />
0<br />
Surface <strong>Water</strong><br />
Ground <strong>Water</strong><br />
Air Conditioning 0.2%<br />
Power<br />
Generation<br />
63%<br />
<strong>Industrial</strong> Processing 12%<br />
Major Crop Irrigation 5%<br />
Non Crop Irrigation 1%<br />
Figure 1.1. <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Use</strong> in Minnesota, 2004<br />
Source: MDNR, 2004<br />
Catergories:<br />
1 Air Conditioning<br />
2 <strong>Industrial</strong> Processing<br />
3 Major Crop Irrigation<br />
4 Non-Crop Irrigation<br />
5 Power Generation<br />
6 Special Catergories<br />
7 Temporary<br />
8 <strong>Water</strong> Level Maintenance<br />
9 <strong>Water</strong>works<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
Catergory Code<br />
6 7 8 9<br />
Figure 1.2. <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Use</strong> in Minnesota by Source, 2004<br />
Source: MNDR, 2004<br />
1-4 Craddock Consulting Engineers<br />
In Association with CDM & James Crook<br />
TM1-Sec1_0707.doc
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