Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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Contents Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use List of Figures (Volume 1) Figure ES.1. Key Findings ............................................................................................................................1 Figure ES.2. Water Use in Minnesota, 2004 .................................................................................................2 Figure ES.3. Comparison of Treatment System Costs for 5-Mile Transmission ..........................................2 Figure 1.1. Water Use in Minnesota, 2004 .................................................................................................4 Figure 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota Without Power Generation, 2004 .....................................................5 Figure 1.3. Mankato Water Reclamation Facility.......................................................................................8 Figure 2.1. Power Generation Facilities Total Water Use, 2004 ..............................................................11 Figure 2.2. Industrial Processing Total Water Use, 2004 .........................................................................12 Figure 2.3. Industrial Processing Ground Water Use, 2004 .....................................................................13 Figure 2.4. Capacity and Number of Municipal WWTPs in Minnesota...................................................13 Figure 2.5. 2005 Annual Average Flows for WWTPs with Permitted Capacities >1 mgd in Minnesota 14 Figure 2.6. State Demand and Supply Inventory ......................................................................................15 Figure 2.7. Minnesota Watersheds............................................................................................................17 Figure 2.8. Ground Water Availability in Minnesota ...............................................................................18 Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contamination Susceptibility in Minnesota....................................................19 Figure 2.10. Industrial Processing Water Use in the Lower Mississippi River Watershed, 2004 ..............20 Figure 2.11. Power Generation Water Use in the Lower Mississippi River Watershed, 2004...................20 Figure 2.12. Lower Mississippi River Watershed Inventory ......................................................................22 Figure 2.13. Twin Cities Metro Area Demand & Supply Inventory – DNR Water Appropriations Permits....................................................................................................................................25 Figure 2.14. Twin Cities Metro Area Demand & Supply Inventory – MCES Industrial Dischargers .......26 Figure 2.15. Metro Area Industrial Water Demand, 2005 ..........................................................................27 Figure 2.16. Industries in Proximity to Empire & Rosemount WWTPs.....................................................28 Figure 2.17. Ethanol Plants in Minnesota ...................................................................................................30 Figure 2.18. Comparison of Treated Wastewater Supply to Industrial Demands by Watershed................32 Figure 3.1. Recycled Wastewater System Conceptual Model ..................................................................38 Figure 3.2. Treatment Technologies by Recycled Wastewater Classification..........................................46 Figure 3.3. Recycled Wastewater System Cost of Service for 0-5 mgd Capacity Base System ..............50 Figure 3.4. Recycled Wastewater System Cost of Service for 5-30 mgd Capacity Base System ............50 Figure 3.5. Treatment Costs for Tertiary 1 through Tertiary 4 Processes.................................................51 Figure 3.6. Comparison of Base and Membrane Softening System Costs for 5-Mile Transmission .......52 Figure 3.7. Range of Treatment Costs for a 1 mgd Supply by Industry Category....................................53 Figure 4.1. Implementation Issue Focus Areas.........................................................................................58 Figure 5.1. Steps on Implementation of Broad-Scale Wastewater Recycling Programs..........................63 iv Metropolitan Council Environmental Services
List of Abbreviations Contents Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use $/1000 gallons dollars per thousand gallons bgy billion gallons per year CBOD carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand CBOD5 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand COD chemical oxygen demand DBPs disinfection byproducts DIP ductile iron pipe ECOC emerging contaminants of concern ED electrodialysis EDCs endocrine disrupting compounds fps feet per second gpy gallons per year I&I infiltration and inflow LCMR Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources MCES Metropolitan Council Environmental Services MDH Minnesota Department of Health MDNR Minnesota Department of Natural Resources MEC Mankato Energy Center Met Council Metropolitan Council mgd million gallons per day mgy million gallons per year MPCA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency MTBE methyl tertiary-butyl ether NDMA N-nitrosodimethylamine NH3 Ammonia NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PhACs pharmaceutically active chemicals psi pounds per square inch PVC polyvinyl chloride pipe RO reverse osmosis SMSC Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community TDS Total Dissolved Solids Title 22 California Water Recycling Criteria, Title 22 California Code of Regulations TMDL total maximum daily load TOC total organic carbon TP total phosphorus TSS total suspended solids UV ultraviolet radiation WWTP wastewater treatment plant Metropolitan Council Environmental Services v
Page 2 and 3: Acknowledgements This study was con
Page 4 and 5: Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
Page 8 and 9: Executive Summary Vision Executive
Page 10 and 11: Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Project
Page 12 and 13: Table 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota,
Page 14 and 15: Section 1: Introduction Recycling T
Page 16 and 17: 1.5 Summary Section 1: Introduction
Page 18 and 19: Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contaminat
Page 28: Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
Page 31: Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
Page 38 and 39: Table 2.8. Ethanol Plant Capacity a
Page 42 and 43: 2.7 References Section 2: Recycled
Page 44 and 45: Section 3: Recycled Wastewater Syst
Page 46 and 47: Water Quality Overview The total co
Page 48 and 49: Industrial Water Quality Concerns S
Page 50 and 51: Emerging Contaminants of Concern Se
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3.4 Storage and Transmission Overvi
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Section 3: Recycled Wastewater Syst
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Cost by Standard Industry Categorie
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Costs and Planning Considerations S
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Section 4: Implementation Considera
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Economic Incentives and Risk Assess
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Section 5: Summary and Potential Ne
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Long-Term Vision Section 5: Summary
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Exhibit A: California Water Recycli
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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Contents Section 1 - Introduction C
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Craddock Consulting Engineers In As
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Section 1 Introduction Craddock Con
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 2-1 I
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Section 2 Implementation Considerat
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Table 2.4. Examples of State Water
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 3-1 I
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Section 3 Inventory of Major WWTPs
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Figure 3.6. Industrial Reuse Custom
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Figure 3.7b. Ground Water Availabil
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") Figure 3.8c. Cedar River Watersh
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") ") ") ") Figure 3.10c. Lower Mis
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Figure 3.12c. Mississippi River - H
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Figure 3.14b. Rainy River Watershed
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") Figure 3.16c. St. Croix River Wa
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Figure 3.18 Metro Area Industrial R
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G G Flying Cloud Dr !! G! G Figure
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Figure 3.22. Rogers WWTP - Industri
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G G G! Dodd Rd GG Figure 3.24. Rose
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G Figure 3.26. Hastings WWTP - Indu
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State Hwy 36 ! Figure 3.28. St. Cro
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Water Use Code Categories Minnesota
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Minnesota Water Use for All Categor
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Air Conditioning 0.2% Waterworks 15
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Minnesota Water Use, 2000-2004 - St
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Minnesota Water Use in 2004 (withou
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Minnesota Water Use in 2000 (withou
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UseCode by Year Minnesota Power Gen
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 350
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 120
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 13.
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Overview There are no federal regul
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Appendix B Status of Water Reuse Re
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Table 4. Examples of State Water Re
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Setback Distances Appendix B Status
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 3.5
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Table 3.9a. Industrial Water Use in
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Table 3.10a. Industrial Water Use i
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Table 3.10d. Industries in the Lowe
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 8 7
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 12
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Table 3.12c. Industries in the Miss
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Table 3.17c. Industries in the West
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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Minnesota DNR Waters 2005 Ground-wa
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Permit No. Organization NAICS Code
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TM2: Sampling Plan and Results Recy
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Recommended Limits for Various Indu
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Exhibit B Blue Lake WWTP Sampling R
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MCES Blue Lake Plant Final Effluent
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Date Day of Wk MCES Blue Lake Plant
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MCES Empire Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/24/06 Tuesday 10/
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Exhibit D Metropolitan (Metro) WWTP
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MCES Metropolitan Plant Final Efflu
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Date Day of Wk 4/19/07 Thursday 4/2
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MCES Seneca Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/8/06 Sunday 10/9/
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Section 5 - Costs Table of Contents
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TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Com
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WWTP 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 1 Treatmen
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o Synthetic medium o Two-stage Surf
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Table 13 WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 1.00
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallons 8.0
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Appendix A Water Reuse Regulatory E
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Table A-1. 2000 California Water Re
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California Department of Health Ser
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Other Media Type Filters Fuzzy Filt
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Appendix B TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Rec
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Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmis
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Exhibit 1 Transmission Main Cost To
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Pipe Installation Data (DR 18 PVC P
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Equipment Costs (with O&P) Item Des
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Water Reuse Pipe Line Construction
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Construction Unit Costs Item (2006
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Crew Costs (with O&P) St. Paul Pres
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Capital PROJECT Cost Curves for Rec
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $/1000 g
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Annual Pipe Average Annual Velocity
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Exhibit 3 Water Reuse System O&M Co
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow (
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Pumping Cost, $/1000 gallons 0.095
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Water Reuse System Estimated Cost o
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WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF SERVICE
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Appendix D-1 Water Reuse System Cos
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Water Reuse System Estimates of Pro
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Cost Curves as Basis for Tertiary 1
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Secondary Treatment Assumptions Sus
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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TM4: WWTP Effluent Quality Recyclin
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!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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1.0 Introduction This technical mem
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Exhibit A Regulatory Stakeholder Me
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MCES Recycling Treated Wastewater f
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Municipal Wastewater Reuse Regulato
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Exhibit B Industry Stakeholder Meet
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Recycling Treated Wastewater For In
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Exhibit C Broader Base Stakeholder
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