Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
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Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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Costs and Planning Considerations Section 3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use The generalized costs for recycled wastewater systems developed in this study confines costs to discreet projects for a set of basic assumptions. As municipalities and industries evaluate recycling opportunities, an integrated approach to handling water infrastructure needs for the community can be used to evaluate the impacts on other system costs. Some considerations are provided below. An accurate comparison of costs for the higher quality water must include the industry’s onsite treatment cost and cannot be compared solely to the incoming water supply cost. Most industries requiring Tertiary 4 reclaimed water have their own onsite treatment systems to provide this water quality. In many cases, the industry provides this additional treatment to potable supplies. Some industries also have treatment processes to provide water of similar quality to Tertiary 1-3 recycled wastewater. With water conservation practices promoting cooling systems with higher levels of recirculation there will be the need to use a higher quality of incoming water so that the concentrations of the recycle do not cause corrosion or scaling problems. Specific facility planning activities should evaluate the relationship of recycled wastewater system with potable water system infrastructure. For some communities, recycled wastewater systems provide an alternative to potable water supply system capital expenditures. Increased domestic demand can be met without expansion of the potable water distribution system if a portion of the industrial sector uses recycled wastewater and the total demand for the potable water system is kept constant. A complete analysis of a recycled wastewater system needs to integrate the entire water resources planning of communities and regions. This cost analysis was based on treating WWTP effluent from an advanced secondary treatment process. Wastewater recycling practices can also be integrated into the design and construction of new WWTPs. It may be more cost-effective to implement appropriate treatment technologies into the main WWTP process train and construct new pipelines and facilities, rather than retrofit existing ones. Also, with new WWTP construction, a recycled wastewater pipeline can be integrated into the potable and collection system infrastructure, resulting in total system cost reductions. New WWTP site selection can also include comprehensive planning to integrate industrial parks in close proximity to wastewater facilities. 3.6 Summary The economic viability of wastewater recycling in Minnesota will depend on the specific match of WWTP effluent quality to an industry’s water quality requirements, the system capacity, transmission distance, and the availability of traditional water supplies in the area. The major conclusions from this study’s assessment of recycled wastewater quality and system costs include the following: Recycled wastewater can be competitive with traditional water supplies in some cases. Removal of hardness and high salt levels significantly adds to the cost. Cost efficiency improves as recycled wastewater usage increases and favors systems delivering more than 1 mgd. Emerging contaminants of concern will likely be a future issue for wastewater recycling applications as it will for all water supplies. Historic records of important constituents of concern for industrial water uses are not usually available for WWTP effluent and are needed to fully evaluate alternative water supplies. This study provided a high-level assessment that estimated a range of costs for low to high quality water supplies. WWTP-specific water quality and specific industrial treatment requirements must be thoroughly assessed in the evaluation of recycled wastewater system costs. Metropolitan Council Environmental Services 55

Section 3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use 3.7 References California State Water Resources Control Board. 1980. Evaluation of Industrial Cooling Systems Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater. California State Water Resources Control Board, Office of Water Recycling, Sacramento, California. Goldstein, D.J., I. Wei, and R.E. Hicks. 1979. “Reuse of Municipal Wastewater as Make-Up to Circulating Cooling Systems”. In: Proceedings of the Water Reuse Symposium, Vol. 1. pp. 371-397, March 25-30, 1979, Washington, D.C. Published by the AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. 2007. Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications. McGraw Hill, New York. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). 2005. Minnesota Discharge Monitoring Report data obtained through the Environmental Data Access system. Refer to: http://www.pca.state.mn.us/data/edaWater/index.cfm. Puckorius, P.R. and R.T. Hess. 1991. “Wastewater Reuse for Industrial Cooling Water Systems”. Ind. Water Treatment, 23(5):43-48. State of California. 2000. Water Recycling Criteria. Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3, California Code of Regulations. California Department of Health Services, Drinking Water Program, Sacramento, California. Tchobanoglous, G., F.L Burton, and H.D. Stensel. 2003. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, 4 th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. Water Pollution Control Federation. 1989. Water Reuse (Second Edition). Manual of Practice SM-3. Water Pollution Control Federation, Alexandria, Virginia. 56 Metropolitan Council Environmental Services

Section 3: Recycled <strong>Wastewater</strong> System Components and Costs<br />

<strong>Recycling</strong> <strong>Treated</strong> <strong>Municipal</strong> <strong>Wastewater</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Industrial</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Use</strong><br />

3.7 References<br />

Cali<strong>for</strong>nia State <strong>Water</strong> Resources Control Board. 1980. Evaluation of <strong>Industrial</strong> Cooling Systems Using<br />

Reclaimed <strong>Municipal</strong> <strong>Wastewater</strong>. Cali<strong>for</strong>nia State <strong>Water</strong> Resources Control Board, Office of <strong>Water</strong><br />

<strong>Recycling</strong>, Sacramento, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia.<br />

Goldstein, D.J., I. Wei, and R.E. Hicks. 1979. “Reuse of <strong>Municipal</strong> <strong>Wastewater</strong> as Make-Up to Circulating<br />

Cooling Systems”. In: Proceedings of the <strong>Water</strong> Reuse Symposium, Vol. 1. pp. 371-397, March 25-30,<br />

1979, Washington, D.C. Published by the AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado.<br />

Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. 2007. <strong>Water</strong> Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications. McGraw Hill, New<br />

York.<br />

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). 2005. Minnesota Discharge Monitoring Report data<br />

obtained through the Environmental Data Access system. Refer to:<br />

http://www.pca.state.mn.us/data/eda<strong>Water</strong>/index.cfm.<br />

Puckorius, P.R. and R.T. Hess. 1991. “<strong>Wastewater</strong> Reuse <strong>for</strong> <strong>Industrial</strong> Cooling <strong>Water</strong> Systems”. Ind.<br />

<strong>Water</strong> Treatment, 23(5):43-48.<br />

State of Cali<strong>for</strong>nia. 2000. <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Recycling</strong> Criteria. Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Code of<br />

Regulations. Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Department of Health Services, Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Program, Sacramento, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia.<br />

Tchobanoglous, G., F.L Burton, and H.D. Stensel. 2003. <strong>Wastewater</strong> Engineering: Treatment and Reuse,<br />

4 th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.<br />

<strong>Water</strong> Pollution Control Federation. 1989. <strong>Water</strong> Reuse (Second Edition). Manual of Practice SM-3.<br />

<strong>Water</strong> Pollution Control Federation, Alexandria, Virginia.<br />

56 Metropolitan Council Environmental Services

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