Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

Contents
Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
List of Figures (Volume 1)
Figure ES.1. Key Findings ............................................................................................................................1
Figure ES.2. Water Use in Minnesota, 2004 .................................................................................................2
Figure ES.3. Comparison of Treatment System Costs for 5-Mile Transmission ..........................................2
Figure 1.1. Water Use in Minnesota, 2004 .................................................................................................4
Figure 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota Without Power Generation, 2004 .....................................................5
Figure 1.3. Mankato Water Reclamation Facility.......................................................................................8
Figure 2.1. Power Generation Facilities Total Water Use, 2004 ..............................................................11
Figure 2.2. Industrial Processing Total Water Use, 2004 .........................................................................12
Figure 2.3. Industrial Processing Ground Water Use, 2004 .....................................................................13
Figure 2.4. Capacity and Number of Municipal WWTPs in Minnesota...................................................13
Figure 2.5. 2005 Annual Average Flows for WWTPs with Permitted Capacities >1 mgd in Minnesota 14
Figure 2.6. State Demand and Supply Inventory ......................................................................................15
Figure 2.7. Minnesota Watersheds............................................................................................................17
Figure 2.8. Ground Water Availability in Minnesota ...............................................................................18
Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contamination Susceptibility in Minnesota....................................................19
Figure 2.10. Industrial Processing Water Use in the Lower Mississippi River Watershed, 2004 ..............20
Figure 2.11. Power Generation Water Use in the Lower Mississippi River Watershed, 2004...................20
Figure 2.12. Lower Mississippi River Watershed Inventory ......................................................................22
Figure 2.13. Twin Cities Metro Area Demand & Supply Inventory – DNR Water Appropriations
Permits....................................................................................................................................25
Figure 2.14. Twin Cities Metro Area Demand & Supply Inventory – MCES Industrial Dischargers .......26
Figure 2.15. Metro Area Industrial Water Demand, 2005 ..........................................................................27
Figure 2.16. Industries in Proximity to Empire & Rosemount WWTPs.....................................................28
Figure 2.17. Ethanol Plants in Minnesota ...................................................................................................30
Figure 2.18. Comparison of Treated Wastewater Supply to Industrial Demands by Watershed................32
Figure 3.1. Recycled Wastewater System Conceptual Model ..................................................................38
Figure 3.2. Treatment Technologies by Recycled Wastewater Classification..........................................46
Figure 3.3. Recycled Wastewater System Cost of Service for 0-5 mgd Capacity Base System ..............50
Figure 3.4. Recycled Wastewater System Cost of Service for 5-30 mgd Capacity Base System ............50
Figure 3.5. Treatment Costs for Tertiary 1 through Tertiary 4 Processes.................................................51
Figure 3.6. Comparison of Base and Membrane Softening System Costs for 5-Mile Transmission .......52
Figure 3.7. Range of Treatment Costs for a 1 mgd Supply by Industry Category....................................53
Figure 4.1. Implementation Issue Focus Areas.........................................................................................58
Figure 5.1. Steps on Implementation of Broad-Scale Wastewater Recycling Programs..........................63
iv Metropolitan Council Environmental Services