Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
Introduction Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmission Main Capital Cost and Pumping Cost Analysis This technical memorandum presents the assumptions, methods, and results of a transmission main capital cost and power cost analysis of a general water reuse system. Piping Capital Cost It is assumed that all reclaimed water transmission pipes will be force mains for this master planning level of analysis. Typically, pipe materials for reclaimed water mains are polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC) , specified as DR 18, Class 150, meeting AWWA Specifications C-900 and C-905 with push-on joints, or ductile iron pipe (DIP), Class 51, with push-on joints and cement lining on the inside and a bituminous coating (16 mils DFT) on the outside. For the purposes of this analysis, it is assumed that all mains 24 inch or less in diameter will be PVC, DR 18, Class 150; and for pipe larger than 24 inch, DIP class 51. A pressure of 40 pound per square inch (psi) at the end of the transmission main was assumed for developing this conceptual design. No storage facilities will be required within the reclaimed water distribution network. Pipe Sizing The reclaimed water transmission piping is sized to convey the peak hour demand, which is assumed to be 3.0 times the annual average day reclaimed water demand, and to maintain a target velocity at the peak hour demand of 5.0 to 7.0 feet per second (ft/sec). The annual average day reclaimed water demands evaluated ranges from 0.1 to 30 mgd. The resulting peak hourly demands are in the range of 0.3 to 90 mgd. Method The unit costs for pipeline construction were estimated using a transmission main cost tool. The transmission main cost tool is a set of spreadsheets developed to estimate pipe construction costs. The tool includes: 1) spreadsheets for input parameters including pipe material cost and installation rate, construction unit costs for items such as pavement removal and replacement, sod, seed, and equipment costs for items such as an excavator, vibratory hand compactor, and trench box; 2) a spreadsheet for developing the unit construction cost of pipeline ($/ft), which incorporates all the costs in (1) and additional input parameters such as depth of cover for pipes, trench width, restoration width by type of restoration, and traffic control requirements. One cost tool was developed for PVC pipe and a second was developed for DIP, both presented in Exhibit 1. The unit costs for construction of various sizes of a transmission main were developed separately for urban versus rural areas. Key assumptions used in the transmission main cost tool for this unit cost analysis are: • Average depth of cover for transmission mains is 8 ft. B-2
Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmission Main Capital Cost and Pumping Cost Analysis • In urban areas: 50 ft per 600 ft of pipe installation are assumed to require pavement removal and replacement to account for crossing streets. The entire length includes traffic control and one curb is replaced. • Surface restoration is sod in urban areas and seeding in rural areas. Unit costs at a project level were developed by applying several multipliers to the unit construction costs estimated for the transmission mains. To calculate a project cost, undeveloped design details were estimated as 50% of the construction cost, administration and legal expenses were calculated as 20% of the construction cost plus the undeveloped design details. The undeveloped design detail includes an allowance for related appurtenances including manholes, isolation valves, and combination air release/vacuum valves. The contractor’s overhead and profit was included in the construction cost. Table 1. Unit Construction and Project Costs for Force Mains 1 Unit Construction Cost Unit Project Cost ($/LF) 2 ($/LF) Sept. 2006 dollars Sept. 2006 dollars Diameter Urban Rural Urban Rural (inches) Area Area Area Area 4 54 44 97 79 6 59 48 106 86 8 64 53 115 95 10 71 60 128 108 12 78 66 140 119 14 87 76 157 137 16 105 93 189 167 18 117 105 211 189 20 131 119 236 214 24 158 146 284 263 30 196 180 353 324 36 241 224 434 403 42 295 277 531 499 48 373 353 671 635 54 434 413 781 743 60 495 470 891 846 1 Based on the following: -Sept. 2006 dollars, ENR CCI = 7763 -Mean Indices, 2006 and Cost Tool with detailed unit costs (Exhibit 1) -Average depth of installation for force mains assumed to be 8 ft. -4 to 24” pipe is PVC; >24” is DIP 2 Project unit costs based on master planning level assumptions: 50% for undeveloped design detail (includes allowance for related appurtenances), Contractor OH&P (included in Construction Cost), and 20% for Engineering, Admin, and Legal. B-3
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Appendix B<br />
Reclaimed <strong>Water</strong> Transmission Main Capital Cost and Pumping Cost Analysis<br />
• In urban areas: 50 ft per 600 ft of pipe installation are assumed to require<br />
pavement removal and replacement to account <strong>for</strong> crossing streets. The entire<br />
length includes traffic control and one curb is replaced.<br />
• Surface restoration is sod in urban areas and seeding in rural areas.<br />
Unit costs at a project level were developed by applying several multipliers to the unit<br />
construction costs estimated <strong>for</strong> the transmission mains. To calculate a project cost,<br />
undeveloped design details were estimated as 50% of the construction cost, administration<br />
and legal expenses were calculated as 20% of the construction cost plus the undeveloped<br />
design details. The undeveloped design detail includes an allowance <strong>for</strong> related<br />
appurtenances including manholes, isolation valves, and combination air release/vacuum<br />
valves. The contractor’s overhead and profit was included in the construction cost.<br />
Table 1. Unit Construction and Project Costs <strong>for</strong> Force Mains 1<br />
Unit Construction Cost<br />
Unit Project Cost<br />
($/LF)<br />
2<br />
($/LF)<br />
Sept. 2006 dollars Sept. 2006 dollars<br />
Diameter Urban Rural Urban Rural<br />
(inches) Area Area Area Area<br />
4 54 44 97 79<br />
6 59 48 106 86<br />
8 64 53 115 95<br />
10 71 60 128 108<br />
12 78 66 140 119<br />
14 87 76 157 137<br />
16 105 93 189 167<br />
18 117 105 211 189<br />
20 131 119 236 214<br />
24 158 146 284 263<br />
30 196 180 353 324<br />
36 241 224 434 403<br />
42 295 277 531 499<br />
48 373 353 671 635<br />
54 434 413 781 743<br />
60 495 470 891 846<br />
1 Based on the following:<br />
-Sept. 2006 dollars, ENR CCI = 7763<br />
-Mean Indices, 2006 and Cost Tool with detailed unit costs (Exhibit 1)<br />
-Average depth of installation <strong>for</strong> <strong>for</strong>ce mains assumed to be 8 ft.<br />
-4 to 24” pipe is PVC; >24” is DIP<br />
2<br />
Project unit costs based on master planning level assumptions: 50% <strong>for</strong> undeveloped design detail<br />
(includes allowance <strong>for</strong> related appurtenances), Contractor OH&P (included in Construction Cost), and<br />
20% <strong>for</strong> Engineering, Admin, and Legal.<br />
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