Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
Exhibit 1 California Water Recycling Criteria
Table A-1. 2000 California Water Recycling Criteria Type of Use Total Coliform Limits a Irrigation of fodder, fiber, and seed crops, orchards Treatment Required b and vineyards b , processed food crops c , nonfood-bearing trees, ornamental nursery stock d , and sod farms d ; flushing sanitary sewers None required Oxidation Irrigation of pasture for milking animals, landscape areas e , ornamental nursery stock and sod farms where public access is not restricted; landscape impoundments; industrial or commercial cooling water where no mist is created; nonstructural fire fighting; industrial boiler feed; soil compaction; dust control; cleaning roads, sidewalks, and outdoor areas Irrigation of food crops b ; restricted recreational impoundments; fish hatcheries Irrigation of food crops f and open access landscape areas g ; toilet and urinal flushing; industrial process water; decorative fountains; commercial laundries and car washes; snow-making; structural fire fighting; industrial or commercial cooling where mist is created Nonrestricted recreational impoundments ≤23/100 ml a ≤240/100 ml in more than one sample in any 30-day ≤2.2/100 ml a ≤23/100 ml in more than one sample in any 30-day period ≤2.2/100 ml a ≤23/100 ml in more than one sample in any 30-day period 240/100 ml (maximum) ≤2.2/100 ml a ≤23/100 ml in more than one sample in any 30-day period 240/100 ml (maximum) Groundwater recharge by spreading Case-by-case evaluation Oxidation Disinfection Oxidation Disinfection Oxidation Coagulation h Filtration i Disinfection Oxidation Coagulation Clarification j Filtration i Disinfection Case-by-case evaluation a Based on running 7-day median; daily sampling is required. b No contact between reclaimed water and edible portion of crop. c Food crops that undergo commercial pathogen-destroying prior to human consumption. d No irrigation for at least 14 days prior to harvesting, sale, or allowing public access. e Cemeteries, freeway landscaping, restricted access golf courses, and other controlled access areas. f Contact between reclaimed water and edible portion of crop; includes edible root crops. g Parks, playgrounds, schoolyards, residential landscaping, unrestricted access golf courses, and other uncontrolled access irrigation areas. h Not required if the turbidity of influent to the filters is continuously measured, does not exceed 5 NTU for more than 15 minutes and never exceeds 10 NTU, and there is capability to automatically activate chemical addition or divert wastewater if the filter influent turbidity exceeds 5 NTU for more than 15 minutes. i The turbidity after filtration through filter media cannot exceed an average of 2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) within any 24-hour period, 5 NTU more than 5 percent of the time within a 24-hour period, and 10 NTU at any time. The turbidity after filtration through a membrane process cannot exceed 0.2 NTU more than 5 percent of the time within any 24-hour period and 0.5 NTU at any time. j Not required if reclaimed water is monitored for enteric viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Source: Adapted from State of California [2000a].
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Table A-1. 2000 Cali<strong>for</strong>nia <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Recycling</strong> Criteria<br />
Type of <strong>Use</strong><br />
Total Coli<strong>for</strong>m<br />
Limits a<br />
Irrigation of fodder, fiber, and seed crops, orchards<br />
Treatment<br />
Required<br />
b and<br />
vineyards b , processed food crops c , nonfood-bearing<br />
trees, ornamental nursery stock d , and sod farms d ;<br />
flushing sanitary sewers<br />
None required Oxidation<br />
Irrigation of pasture <strong>for</strong> milking animals, landscape<br />
areas e , ornamental nursery stock and sod farms where<br />
public access is not restricted; landscape impoundments;<br />
industrial or commercial cooling water where no mist is<br />
created; nonstructural fire fighting; industrial boiler<br />
feed; soil compaction; dust control; cleaning roads,<br />
sidewalks, and outdoor areas<br />
Irrigation of food crops b ; restricted recreational<br />
impoundments; fish hatcheries<br />
Irrigation of food crops f and open access landscape<br />
areas g ; toilet and urinal flushing; industrial process<br />
water; decorative fountains; commercial laundries and<br />
car washes; snow-making; structural fire fighting;<br />
industrial or commercial cooling where mist is created<br />
Nonrestricted recreational impoundments<br />
≤23/100 ml a<br />
≤240/100 ml in more than<br />
one sample in any 30-day<br />
≤2.2/100 ml a<br />
≤23/100 ml in more than one<br />
sample in any 30-day period<br />
≤2.2/100 ml a<br />
≤23/100 ml in more than one<br />
sample in any 30-day period<br />
240/100 ml (maximum)<br />
≤2.2/100 ml a<br />
≤23/100 ml in more than one<br />
sample in any 30-day period<br />
240/100 ml (maximum)<br />
Groundwater recharge by spreading Case-by-case evaluation<br />
Oxidation<br />
Disinfection<br />
Oxidation<br />
Disinfection<br />
Oxidation<br />
Coagulation h<br />
Filtration i<br />
Disinfection<br />
Oxidation<br />
Coagulation<br />
Clarification j<br />
Filtration i<br />
Disinfection<br />
Case-by-case<br />
evaluation<br />
a<br />
Based on running 7-day median; daily sampling is required.<br />
b<br />
No contact between reclaimed water and edible portion of crop.<br />
c<br />
Food crops that undergo commercial pathogen-destroying prior to human consumption.<br />
d<br />
No irrigation <strong>for</strong> at least 14 days prior to harvesting, sale, or allowing public access.<br />
e<br />
Cemeteries, freeway landscaping, restricted access golf courses, and other controlled access areas.<br />
f<br />
Contact between reclaimed water and edible portion of crop; includes edible root crops.<br />
g<br />
Parks, playgrounds, schoolyards, residential landscaping, unrestricted access golf courses, and other<br />
uncontrolled access irrigation areas.<br />
h<br />
Not required if the turbidity of influent to the filters is continuously measured, does not exceed 5 NTU<br />
<strong>for</strong> more than 15 minutes and never exceeds 10 NTU, and there is capability to automatically activate<br />
chemical addition or divert wastewater if the filter influent turbidity exceeds 5 NTU <strong>for</strong> more than 15<br />
minutes.<br />
i<br />
The turbidity after filtration through filter media cannot exceed an average of 2 nephelometric turbidity<br />
units (NTU) within any 24-hour period, 5 NTU more than 5 percent of the time within a 24-hour period,<br />
and 10 NTU at any time. The turbidity after filtration through a membrane process cannot exceed 0.2<br />
NTU more than 5 percent of the time within any 24-hour period and 0.5 NTU at any time.<br />
j<br />
Not required if reclaimed water is monitored <strong>for</strong> enteric viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium.<br />
Source: Adapted from State of Cali<strong>for</strong>nia [2000a].