Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
Table 18. Range of Costs to Supply Reclaimed Water to Minnesota Industries Industry Category Type of Water Use Base Tertiary-1 Tertiary-2 Tertiary-3 Tertiary-4 Advanced Secondary Cost of Service, $/1000 gallons 1 by Reclaimed Water Quality Classification 2 Conventional Membrane Filtration Membrane Softening Advanced Processes Total System Agricultural Cooling, Boiler Feed $1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00 Pulp & Paper Process, Boiler Feed $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00 Mining Sand & Gravel Process, Boiler Feed $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $0-$3.70 $1.35-$5.00 Washing Industrial Cooling- Process $0/$1.35 $0 $1.35 Once-Through Cooling Water $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $0-$2.40 $1.35-$3.75 Petroleum, Chemical Cooling, Process, & Ethanol Boiler Feed Process, Cooling, $1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00 Metals Boiler Feed Process, Cooling, $1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00 Non-Metals Boiler Feed $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $0-$3.70 $1.35-$5.00 Other Power Cooling-Once Process $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $0-$3.70 $1.35-$5.00 Through/Other Power Cooling- Cooling $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $0-$2.40 $1.35-$3.75 Recirculating Cooling, Boiler Feed $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00 1 Represent the costs to provide 1 mgd of reclaimed water a distance of 5 miles. First value is the treatment cost and the seccond value is the total system cost in $/1000 gallons. (e.g. For Metals industries: the treatment costs are estimated to range from $1.70-$3.70/1000 gallons and the total system costs are estimated to range from $3.05-$5.00/1000 gallons. 2 Refer to Table 10, Section 3.4.3 for relationship of reclaimed water classification to industry categories. 3 This range reflects the cost to provide water to meet the water quality requirements for all uses of water by this industry sector. An accurate comparison to an industry's existing water supply costs must account for all onsite industry treatment system annualized capital and O&M costs. Range of Costs 3 , $/1000 gallons Treatment Above Base System
TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Reahl, Eugene, 2006. Half a Century of Desalination with Electrodialysis. GE Water and Process Technologies. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2005. Technologies and Costs Document for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and Final Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule. December. EPA 815-R-05-013. Goldstein, D.J., I. Wei, and R.E. Hicks. 1979. “Reuse of Municipal Wastewater as Make-Up to Circulating Cooling Systems”. In: Proceedings of the Water Reuse Symposium, Vol. 1. pp. 371-397, March 25-30, 1979, Washington, D.C. Published by the AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado. Gumerman, R.C., B. E. Burris, and D.E Burris, 1992. Standardized Costs for Water Supply Distribution Systems. EPA/600/R-92/009. MCES, 2006a. Memorandum from G. Sprouse, August 18, 2006. “Summary of Historic MCES Pipeline Construction Costs and Comparison to Blue Lake-Metro Service Area Plan Cost Estimating Tool – Draft 1.” MCES, 2006b. Memorandum from G. Sprouse, September 28, 2006. “Summary of Historic MCES Costs, Update to Graphs.” Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., 2007. Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications. McGraw Hill. New York. State of California. 2000. Water Recycling Criteria. Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3, California Code of Regulations. California Department of Health Services, Drinking Water Program, Sacramento, California. Stephenson, T. S., J. B. Jefferson, and K. Brindle. 2000. Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment. IWA Publishing, London. Tchobanoglous, G., F.L Burton, and H.D. Stensel. 2003. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, 4 th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. Water Pollution Control Federation. 1989. Water Reuse (Second Edition). Manual of Practice SM-3. Water Pollution Control Federation, Alexandria, Virginia. White, G. C., 1999. Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants, 4 th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York. Wong, J. 2003. “A Survey of Advanced Membrane Technologies and Their Applications in Water Reuse Projects.” In: Proceedings of the 76 th Annual Technical Exhibition & Conference, Water Environment Federation, Alexandria, Virginia. Craddock Consulting Engineers 43 In Association with CDM & James Crook TM3-Component&Costs_0707
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Table 18. Range of Costs to Supply Reclaimed <strong>Water</strong> to Minnesota Industries<br />
Industry Category Type of <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Use</strong><br />
Base Tertiary-1 Tertiary-2 Tertiary-3 Tertiary-4<br />
Advanced<br />
Secondary<br />
Cost of Service, $/1000 gallons 1<br />
by Reclaimed <strong>Water</strong> Quality Classification 2<br />
Conventional<br />
Membrane<br />
Filtration<br />
Membrane<br />
Softening<br />
Advanced<br />
Processes<br />
Total<br />
System<br />
Agricultural Cooling, Boiler Feed $1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00<br />
Pulp & Paper Process, Boiler Feed $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00<br />
Mining<br />
Sand & Gravel<br />
Process, Boiler Feed $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $0-$3.70 $1.35-$5.00<br />
Washing<br />
<strong>Industrial</strong> Cooling-<br />
Process $0/$1.35 $0 $1.35<br />
Once-Through Cooling <strong>Water</strong> $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $0-$2.40 $1.35-$3.75<br />
Petroleum, Chemical Cooling, Process,<br />
& Ethanol<br />
Boiler Feed<br />
Process, Cooling,<br />
$1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00<br />
Metals<br />
Boiler Feed<br />
Process, Cooling,<br />
$1.70/$3.05 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00<br />
Non-Metals Boiler Feed $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $0-$3.70 $1.35-$5.00<br />
Other<br />
Power Cooling-Once<br />
Process $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $0-$3.70 $1.35-$5.00<br />
Through/Other<br />
Power Cooling-<br />
Cooling $0/$1.35 $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $0-$2.40 $1.35-$3.75<br />
Recirculating Cooling, Boiler Feed $1.70/$3.05 $1.10/$2.45 $2.40/$3.75 $3.70/$5.00 $1.70-$3.70 $2.40-$5.00<br />
1<br />
Represent the costs to provide 1 mgd of reclaimed water a distance of 5 miles. First value is the treatment cost and the seccond value is the<br />
total system cost in $/1000 gallons. (e.g. For Metals industries: the treatment costs are estimated to range from $1.70-$3.70/1000 gallons and<br />
the total system costs are estimated to range from $3.05-$5.00/1000 gallons.<br />
2 Refer to Table 10, Section 3.4.3 <strong>for</strong> relationship of reclaimed water classification to industry categories.<br />
3 This range reflects the cost to provide water to meet the water quality requirements <strong>for</strong> all uses of water by this industry sector. An accurate<br />
comparison to an industry's existing water supply costs must account <strong>for</strong> all onsite industry treatment system annualized capital and O&M<br />
costs.<br />
Range of Costs 3 ,<br />
$/1000 gallons<br />
Treatment<br />
Above Base<br />
System
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