Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use
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Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

archive.leg.state.mn.us
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TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Table 8. Reclaimed Water Classifications Classification Characteristics Advanced Secondary • For non-contact industrial uses with low concern for hardness and dissolved solids • Base WWTP process train • Meets secondary-23 recycled water criteria Tertiary 1 Conventional Tertiary 2 Membrane Filtration Tertiary 3 Membrane Softening Tertiary 4 Advanced • For industrial uses with human contact potential and/or industries that require partial hardness and dissolved salt removal • Requires a coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation process with filtration • Removes some hardness and dissolved salts; provides some soluble organic removal and color removal • Meets tertiary recycled water criteria • For industrial uses with human contact potential and/or industries that can use hard/high salt water • Provides soluble organic removal and color removal • Provides pathogen removal and reduces disinfection requirements • Meets tertiary recycled water criteria • For industries requiring low dissolved salts • Requires Tertiary 2 water followed by softening with RO or ED depending on the target constituents • Meets tertiary recycled water criteria • For industries requiring low dissolved salts and removal of trace constituents • Requires Tertiary 3 water with RO and either ion exchange, carbon adsorption or advanced oxidation processes, depending on the target constituent. • Meets tertiary recycled water criteria As shown in Table 10, a significant portion of industries use their water supply as cooling water. For most industries that require water as a cooling source for various equipment and processes, cooling water accounts for 30-95% of the water use. Existing facilities still use once-through cooling and some of these facilities could use the base quality supply, depending on the hardness and salt concentrations. As industrial facilities upgrade, once-through systems are being replaced by recirculating systems that use less water. Most new facilities with a ground water supply source use recirculating systems, in keeping with Minnesota water appropriations permit guidelines. Recirculating systems have limits on the concentration of dissolved salts in the cooling water, where excessive concentrations result in scaling and corrosion problems. There are different unit processes and groupings of processes that can remove salts and provide a softened supply for cooling water uses. Both Tertiary 1 24 Craddock Consulting Engineers In Association with CDM & James Crook TM3-Component&Costs_0707

TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use and 3 could provide an adequate supply for cooling water, depending on the source water quality and the cycles of concentration required for the cooling water system. It is also possible that the base reclaimed supply with or without filtration could meet cooling water requirements if the industry uses chemicals to keep the water in the right ionic balance to prevent scaling. Potable supplies with medium to high hardness are often treated with scalants for use as cooling water. The generally high hardness and high salt concentrations in Minnesota waters and wastewater make it plausible that Tertiary 1 and 3 level water may be required for recirculating cooling water use in Minnesota. Table 9. Water Quality for the Reclaimed Water Classifications 1 Constituent Advanced Secondary Reclaimed Water Concentration 2 Tertiary 1 Conven- tional Tertiary 2 Membrane Filtration Tertiary 3 Membrane Softening Tertiary 4 Advanced BOD, mg/L 5-10

TM3: Recycled <strong>Wastewater</strong> System Components and Costs<br />

<strong>Recycling</strong> <strong>Treated</strong> <strong>Municipal</strong> <strong>Wastewater</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Industrial</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Use</strong><br />

and 3 could provide an adequate supply <strong>for</strong> cooling water, depending on the source<br />

water quality and the cycles of concentration required <strong>for</strong> the cooling water system. It<br />

is also possible that the base reclaimed supply with or without filtration could meet<br />

cooling water requirements if the industry uses chemicals to keep the water in the<br />

right ionic balance to prevent scaling. Potable supplies with medium to high hardness<br />

are often treated with scalants <strong>for</strong> use as cooling water. The generally high hardness<br />

and high salt concentrations in Minnesota waters and wastewater make it plausible<br />

that Tertiary 1 and 3 level water may be required <strong>for</strong> recirculating cooling water use<br />

in Minnesota.<br />

Table 9. <strong>Water</strong> Quality <strong>for</strong> the Reclaimed <strong>Water</strong> Classifications 1<br />

Constituent Advanced<br />

Secondary<br />

Reclaimed <strong>Water</strong> Concentration 2<br />

Tertiary 1<br />

Conven-<br />

tional<br />

Tertiary 2<br />

Membrane<br />

Filtration<br />

Tertiary 3<br />

Membrane<br />

Softening<br />

Tertiary 4<br />

Advanced<br />

BOD, mg/L 5-10

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